This document provides guidance on citing various sources like books, websites, journal articles, interviews, photographs and more using APA style. It explains the basic structure for in-text citations and reference list entries. For each source type, key elements like author, year, title, publisher are defined. It also includes notes on special cases or variations within each source type.
As I began to write more, I learned I needed to have a standard that was consistent across all writing pieces. Here now, I share “The Smart Writer’s Simple AP Style Cheat Sheet Guide.”
Avoid plagiarism by learning how to properly cite the work of others within the body of your paper and on the reference page. This brief slide presentation walks readers through the basics of avoiding plagiarism in college writing and helps with plagiarism prevention. A must for all college students and faculty!
As I began to write more, I learned I needed to have a standard that was consistent across all writing pieces. Here now, I share “The Smart Writer’s Simple AP Style Cheat Sheet Guide.”
Avoid plagiarism by learning how to properly cite the work of others within the body of your paper and on the reference page. This brief slide presentation walks readers through the basics of avoiding plagiarism in college writing and helps with plagiarism prevention. A must for all college students and faculty!
APA STYLE SEVENTH EDITION - 2019This module is desi.docxrobert345678
APA STYLE SEVENTH EDITION - 2019
This module is designed to show the basic elements of APA style writing and provide examples of appropriate APA guidelines; however, it is not intended as an exhaustive reference guide.
*
WHY USE APA?
APA writing style provides a foundation for effective communication aiding writers to present ideas in a clearer, concise, and organized manner.
APA rules create uniformity and consistency.
APA (Seventh Edition) has broadened its audience consulting not only by psychologists but also students & researchers in many fields such as business, education, social work, nursing and many other behavioral and social sciences.
BASIC APA PAPER CONSIST OF:
The title page
Text of the paper
Reference page
Notice No Running Head – YAY!
THE TITLE PAGE
APA requires seven basic elements to your title page:
1. Title
2. Author name
3. Institution affiliation
4. Course number/name
5. Instructor name
6. Due date
7. Page number (top header right)
SEVEN COMPONENTS OF THE TITLE PAGE
Title
Author name; first name, last name, no titles or degrees used.
Institution affiliation – American Public University
Course number/Course name
Instructor name
Assignment due date (Month, ##, YYYY)
Page number, page number in header flush right
The title is typed bold, centered, and positioned in the upper half of the title page, 3-4 lines from top margin.
Capitalize the significant words of the title. Do not capitalize words such as: the, in, of, or, and, unless the word is the first word in the title.
There is no prescribed limit for title length in APA Style, authors are encouraged to keep titles focused and succinct.
*
TEXT OF THE PAPER
The body must conform to but a few guidelines:
1” margins all the way aroundAll text double-spacedEvery new paragraph 1 tab indent (0.5 inches)
GENERAL FORMATTING INFORMATION
Begin writing your paper on page two (the cover page is page one). The page numbering top right hand side must reflect page 2 in the Header.
Same typeface throughout – various typeface font choices acceptable (2.19).
Double space the entire paper (2.21).
Margins are set at one inch (top, bottom, left, and right) (2.22).
First sentence of every paragraph must e indented (2.24).
Center the title at the top of page two. The title is written in the title case (6.17).
Quotes 40+ words blocked no quotation marks (8.27)
.
*
WRITING THE PAPER
APA writing should be straightforward with an active voice – i.e., “Jones developed the project..” as opposed to the passive voice – i.e. “The project was developed by Jones…”
Use past tense when describing earlier research
Spell out the first use of an acronym (example: American Public University (APU) – first use. Next time referenced in paper use (APU).
QUOTES OF 40 WORDS OR MORE
If a quotation contains 40 words or more,
treat it as a block quotation
Start a block quotation on a new line
Indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the .
APA 2010 Guide BasicsPlease remember APA 2010 style guide.docxjustine1simpson78276
APA 2010 Guide
Basics:
Please remember APA 2010 style guidelines for in-text citations and references are required in accordance with syllabus and rubrics.
Please use spell check and also proof read your assignments.
Please type your complete name on your word document.
Review Questions:
Please type or copy and paste the complete question then type the answer below the each question.
Do not use all CAPITALS in APA 2010 or academic writing except for the running head.
Paper format: APA 2010, 8.03 12-point Times New Roman for all body text.
Indent the first line of each paragraph one-half inch (Hanging Indent).
Per APA, do not use contractions
it’s = a contraction for it is. its = possessive - use its.
Please note some of the APA referencing tools give you are starting point but in some cases they are wrong. Please check American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
The references for your reading assignments are shown for Reference Page
ERAU. (2016). Title of PowerPoint. Daytona Beach, FL: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2013). 14 CFR Part 33 airworthiness standards:
Aircraft engines. Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved from
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/
Title14/14tab_02.tpl
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2016). FAA-H-8083-25 Pilot's handbook of
aeronautical knowledge. Oklahoma City OK: United States Department of
Transportation.
Sheehan, J. J. (2013). Business and corporate aviation management (2nd. ed.). New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education.
Referencing within the assignments.
Direct Quotations
Direct quotes must have (Author, year, p.# ). Please keep direct quotes to a minimum.
I want to see your response to questions and assignments not the author word for word. Paraphrase in your own words.
If you reference in the body of the paper or presentation, you must reference on the Reference page.
Single author or APA 2010, 6.11 One Work by One Author
Beginning of the sentence: Teeple (2015) stated
At the end of the sentence: (Teeple, 2015).
Two Authors or APA 2010, 6.12 One Work by Multiple Authors
Madden and Hogan (1997) claimed (No ampersand (&))
(Madden & Hogan, 1997).
On referencing three or more authors use of et al.
On the first time used all authors are cited
Beginning of sentence: Bowersox, Closs, Cooper, and Bowersox (2013) claimed
End of sentence: Bowersox, Closs, Cooper, & Bowersox, 2013).
The next time used we can use et.al.
Bowersox et al. (2013) stated
End of sentence (Bowersox et al., 2013).
Combining Two Sources of Information
Put in alphabetical order (Simmons, 2007; Zarajczyk, 2007).
Defining Acronyms and Abbreviations
Spell out all but common abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used.
Example is Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). See APA 2010, 4.23
Numb.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Lateral Ventricles.pdf very easy good diagrams comprehensive
Apa style
1. APA style Referencing
By- Sanju Sah
St. Xavier’s college, Maitighar, Kathmandu
Department of Microbiology
2. In-text citations
In-text citations mark the places within your assignment where you use information
or ideas from the work of others. For example, when you directly quote or
paraphrase someone else’s work. These citations demonstrate your ideas are based
on sound evidence and provide basic information for locating sources in the
reference list.
An in-text citation consists of the author's surname, the year of publication and the
page number (for direct quotes). If you are quoting or paraphrasing an author and
want to emphasise the author’s contribution, then your citation becomes 'author
prominent'. The citation will look something like this: Jones (2012) has concluded
that...
If you wish to emphasise the information you have paraphrased or quoted from an
author, then your citation becomes 'information prominent'. The citation will look
something like this: The study concluded that... (Jones, 2012).
3.
4. Citing a book in print
Author, A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Publisher City, State:
Publisher.
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Notes: Things to remember when citing a book in APA:
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles,
as well as the first letter of any proper nouns.
The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated
and italicized.
5.
6. Citing an e-book from an e-reader
E-book is short for “electronic book.” It is a digital version of a book that can be
read on a computer, e-reader (Kindle, Nook, etc.), or other electronic device.
Author, A. (Year of Publication). Title of work [E-Reader Version]. Retrieved
from http://xxxx or DOI:xxxx
Eggers, D. (2008). The circle [Kindle Version]. Retrieved from
http://www.amazon.com/
7. Citing a book found in a database
Author, A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from http://xxxx or
DOI:xxxx
Sayre, Rebecca K., Devercelli, A.E., Neuman, M.J., & Wodon, Q.
(2015). Investment in early childhood development: Review of the world bank’s
recent experience. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0403-8
Notes: Things to remember when citing an online book or e-book in APA:
A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content
to its location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to
use it when creating a citation. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and are
separated by a slash.
8. Citing a magazine article in print
Author, A. (Year, month of Publication). Article title. Magazine
Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15), 3-
40.
Notes: Things to remember when citing a magazine in APA:
We can find the volume number with the other publication information of the
magazine.
We can typically find page numbers at the bottom corners of a magazine
article.
If we cannot locate an issue number, simply don’t include it in the citation.
9. Citing a magazine article found online
Author, A.A.. (Year, Month of Publication). Article title. Magazine Title,
Volume(Issue), Retrieved from http://xxxx
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15)
Retrieved from
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1179361,00.html
Notes: Things to remember when creating an online magazine citation:
The volume and issue number aren’t always on the same page as the article.
Check out the other parts of the website before leaving it out of the citation.
10. Citing a newspaper article in print
Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Newspaper Title,
pp. xx-xx.
Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective
legal weapon. The New York Times, p. D5.
Notes: Things to remember when creating newspaper citation:
Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. (for a single page) or
pp. (for multiple pages).
If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and
separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).
11. Citing a newspaper article found online
Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Newspaper Title,
Retrieved from newspaper homepage URL
• Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective
legal weapon. The New York Times, Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
Notes: Things to remember when citing a newspaper in APA:
APA does NOT require us to include the date of access for electronic sources.
If we discovered a newspaper article via an online database, that information
is NOT required for the citation either.
Multiple lines: If the URL runs onto a second line, only break URL before
punctuation (except for http://).
12. Citing a general website article with an author
APA does not explicitly provide a format for citing websites. Instead,
there are guides for how to cite various sources in online formats:
Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Retrieved
from URL
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from
http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/
13. Citing a general website article without an author
Article title. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Retrieved from URL
Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (2015,
January 16). Retrieved from
http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-
Palm-Beach-Hospital-Police-288810831.html
14. Citing a journal article in print
Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical
Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special
education. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the
Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(3-
4), 147-148.
15. Citing a journal article found online
Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp. DOI:XX.XXXXX or
Retrieved from journal URL
Jameson, J. (2013). E-Leadership in higher education: The fifth “age” of educational technology
research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 889-915. DOI: 10.1111/bjet.12103
Notes: Things to remember when creating our online journal article citation:
APA does NOT require us to include the date of access/retrieval date or database information for
electronic sources.
We can use the URL of the journal homepage if there is no DOI assigned and the reference was
retrieved online.
Example: Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-
8535;jsessionid=956132F3DE76EEB120577E99EE74CE9C.f04t01
A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content to its location on the
Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when creating a citation. All DOI
numbers begin with a 10 and are separated by a slash.
16. Citing a film/Citing a movie
Producer, A. (Producer), & Director, A. (Director). (Release Year). Title
of motion picture [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio
Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp
fiction [Motion Picture]. United States: Miramax.
17. Citing a film from YouTube
Author, A. [screename]. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of
video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL
Smith, Rick. (2013, September 20). Favre to Moss!. [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOP_L6hBjn8
Notes: Things to remember when citing a video from YouTube:
Screen names are more prominent that actual names on YouTube. If you
come across a user whose real name isn’t available, use only their
screen name without brackets.
18. APA Interview Citation
Important Note on Personal Interviews:
• A personal interview should NOT be included in a reference list in
APA. They are not considered recoverable data (they cannot be found
by a researcher). We should reference personal interviews as in-text
citations instead.
• Example: (J. Doe, personal communication, December 12, 2004)
• That being said, there is a general structure if we want to cite a
personal interview as part of our APA works cited list:
Author, A. (Year, Month Date). Interview type.
Marino, B. (2014, October 18). Personal Interview.
19. APA Lecture Citation
• Citing online lecture notes or presentation slides
Author, A. (Publication Year). Name or title of lecture [file format].
Retrieved from URL
Saito, T. (2012). Technology and me: A personal timeline of educational
technology [Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/Bclari25/educational-technology-ppt
Tip: If we want to cite information from our own personal notes from a
lecture as personal communication and it can be referred to it only in the
body of our essay, we can follow the style guide for personal communication
available in the Interview section.
20. Citing an episode from TV or radio show
Writer, A. (Writer), & Director, A. (Director). (Year of Airing). Episode title
[Television series episode]. In Executive Producer, A. (Executive
Producer), TV series name. City, State of original channel: Channel.
Kang, K. (Writer), & Fryman, P. (Director). (2006). Slap bet [Television series
episode]. In Bays, C. (Executive Producer), How I met your mother. Los
Angeles, CA: Columbia Broadcasting System.
Note: Things to remember when citing a TV show or episode:
IMDB is a great resource for finding the information needed for our citation
(Director, Writer, Executive Producer, etc.) This information can also be
found in the opening and closing credits of the show.
21. Citing an encyclopedia entry in print
Author, A. (Publication Year). Entry title. In Encyclopedia title, (Vol.
XX, pp. XX). City, State of publication: Publisher.
Kammen, C., & Wilson, A.H. (2012). Monuments. In Encyclopedia of
local history. (pp. 363-364). Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
22. Citing a photograph
• Photographer, A.. (Photographer). (Year, Month Date of
Publication). Title of photograph [photograph]. City, State of
publication: Publisher/museum.
Roege, W.J. (Photographer). (1938). St. Patrick’s cathedral, fifth avenue
from 50th street to 51st street [photograph]. New York, NY: New-York
Historical Society.
23. Citing a photograph retrieved online
Photographer, A. (Photographer). (Year, Month Date of
Publication). Title of photograph [digital image]. Retrieved from URL
Ferraro, A. (Photographer). (2014, April 28). Liberty enlightening the
world [digital image]. Retrieved from
https://www.flickr.com/photos/afer92/14278571753/in/set-
72157644617030616