The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via circulation pathways. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium then flows to the right ventricle, through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, and returns oxygenated to the left atrium and left ventricle. It then exits via the aorta to arteries that feed the body before returning via veins to the vena cava and restarting the cycle. The heart contains four chambers and four valves that ensure one-way blood flow. Diseases can disrupt circulation and include atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and arrhythmias.

1. Circulation
BloodVessels
Heart
Blood
Diseases
Circulatory System

2. Overview of Circulation
 Pulmonary circulation:
blood flow between the
heart and lungs
 Systemic circulation:
blood flow from heart to
rest of the body
 Cardiac circulation: blood
flow within the heart

3. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg

4. Pathway of Blood Flow
(capillaries)
Lung
Vein pulmonary circulation Artery
HEART
Vein systemic circulation Artery
Body
(capillaries)

5. Blood Vessel Function
Vessel Function Examples
Artery
Transports blood AWAY
from the heart
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vein
Transports blood
TOWARDS the heart
Vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillary
Material exchange
between blood and body
Capillary beds
found throughout
body

6. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg
Artery
Artery
Vein
Vein

7. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/06/92806-034-95B4D32F.jpg

8. Capillaries
 Walls made up of one
thin layer of cells which
allow for rapid diffusion
of materials from blood
to surrounding tissue
 Materials exchanged:
 Gases: oxygen, carbon
dioxide
 Nutrients & waste
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/imagesAP2/bloodvessels/endothelia.jpg

9. Gas Exchange in Capillaries of Body
https://www.cdli.ca/courses/biol2201/unit03_org02_ilo02/cappillarya.JPG

10. Gas Exchange in Capillaries of Lung
http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/37/92937-034-1E4EA526.jpg

11. Pathway of Blood Flow
http://www.tracleer.com/Content/Images/heart-lung-circulation.jpg
Artery
Artery
Vein
Vein
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide Oxygen

12. Gas Exchange in Capillaries
OutInIn lung
InOutIn body
Carbon dioxideOxygenCapillaries

13. Blood Vessel Structure
Diagram
Low
Low
High
PressureVessel
Wall
Thickness
Artery Thick
Vein Thin
Capillary Very thin

14. Blood Vessel & Blood Flow
https://www.cdli.ca/courses/biol2201/unit03_org02_ilo02/b_activity.html

15. Blood Vessel & Blood Flow
 Elastic walls in arteries

16. Veins and Blood Flow
 Valves open
when muscles
contract,
allowing blood to
return to the
heart
 Valves close
when muscles
relax so that
blood cannot
flow backwards.
http://www.thecosmeticveincenter.com/images/veins.png

17. Varicose Veins: Deformed Valves
http://www.varicoseveinguide.com/images/varicoseveins2.jpg http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/263331/530wm/M2900102-Varicose_veins_affecting_the_leg_of_an_elderly_man-SPL.jp

18. Capillaries and Blood Flow
 Small diameter in capillaries are
only wide enough for red blood
cells to travel in a single file
 Red blood cells pull each other
along like a chain
http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/red-blood-cells-in-a-capillary.jpg

19. Blood Flow in Blood Vessels
Vessel
Structure that
aids blood flow
Explanation
Artery Elastic walls
Walls expand & contract helping to
pump blood
Vein
One-way
valves
Valves act as doors preventing
backward blood flow
Capillary
Small
circumference
Blood cells travel in single file pulling
each other along like a chain

20. The human heart

21. Cardiac
Circulation
 4 chambers
 4 valves
 2 arteries
 2 veins
 Deoxygenated
blood
 Oxygenated
blood
http://www.sdm.scot.nhs.uk/images/pfo.jpg

22. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava

23. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve

24. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle

25. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve

26. Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
to right lung
to left lung

27. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery

28. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
artery
from right lung
from right lung
from left lung
from left lung

29. from right lung
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
from right lung
Pulmonary
artery
from left lung
from left lung
Pulmonary veinPulmonary vein

30. Left atrium
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve

31. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve
Left ventricle

32. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Aortic valve
Pulmonary
artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve
Left ventricle

33. Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary
artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
Left ventricle
Aorta
Descending
aorta

34. Pulmonary
artery
Left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
Left ventricle
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary
valve
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Descending
aorta

35. Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
4 Chambers

36. Mitral valve or
bicuspid valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
Atrioventricular
valve
Semilunar
valve
Semilunar valve
4 Valves

37. Valves

38. Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve
Aortic ValveTricuspid Valve

39. Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Superior
vena cava
Inferior
vena cava
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Descending
aorta
Vein
Vein
Vein
Artery
Artery
Artery
Vein
Artery
4 Blood Vessels

40. Cardiac Circulation
http://humananatomyandphysiology.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/texas-heart-institute.jpghttp://www.sdm.scot.nhs.uk/images/pfo.jpg

42. Cardiac Circulation
Vena cava  right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary artery
 lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium  left ventricle 
aorta  arteries  body  veins  Vena cava  right atrium
 right ventricle  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary
vein  left atrium  left ventricle  aorta  arteries  body
 veins  Vena cava  right atrium  right ventricle 
pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium 
left ventricle  aorta  arteries  body  veins  Vena cava
 right atrium  right ventricle  pulmonary artery  lungs 
pulmonary vein  left atrium  left ventricle  aorta 
arteries  body  veins  Vena cava  right atrium  right
ventricle  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left
atrium  left ventricle  aorta  arteries  body  veins 

43. The Pathway of Blood Flow
(capillaries)
Lung
Vein pulmonary circulation Artery
HEART
Vena Cava systemic circulation Aorta
Body
(capillaries)
PulmonaryPulmonary
Right atrium
Right ventricleLeft atrium
Left ventricle

44. Blood Components
Type Structure Function
%
makeup
Red blood
cells
No nucleus
Disk-shaped, flexible
Contains hemoglobin
Transports
oxygen
45
White
blood cells
Have a nucleus
Short life span
Fights
infections
<1
Platelets Made of cell fragments Blood clotting <1
Plasma
Protein-rich liquid
Contains electrolytes
Carries blood
cells
55

45. Red and White Blood Cells

46. Cardiovascular Diseases
 Atherosclerosis leading to:
 Heart attack
 Hypertension
 Arrhythmias
 Heart Murmurs
 Aneurysms
 Congenital Heart Defects

47. Atherosclerosis

48. Atherosclerosis
 Accumulation of
plaque on the
artery wall
 Coronary artery
disease is when
the plaque is in the
coronary arteries
 Leads to blood
clots and
hypertension

49. Heart Attack
 Death of
cardiac muscle
cells due to lack
of oxygen
 Heart may stop
pumping
 Caused by
blood clots in
the coronary
arteries

50. Hypertension
 Prolonged high blood
pressure
 Heart is constantly
pumping harder
 Often due to narrowing
of arteries from plaque
buildup
 Overuse leads to
thickening of heart
muscles making them
less flexible and more
inefficient at pumping

51. Atherosclerosis Treatments
CORONARY BYPASS ANGIOPLASTY & STENT

52. Arrhythmia
 Heart beats
irregularly
 Arises from
problems with
the electrical
activity of the
heart

53. Electrocardiographs (ECGs)
 The electrical
signals of the heart
can be measured
using a machine
called an
electrocardiograph
(ECG).

54. Arrhythmia
 Treatment may
include implanting
an artificial
pacemaker or small
defibrillator

55. Heart Murmurs
 heart makes extra
sounds due to
leaking valves

56. Aortic Aneurysm
 Swelling
of the
aorta

57. Congential Heart Defect
 Defect of the structure
of the heart and vessels,
present at birth.
 Example: A septal defect
is a hole in the septum,
which allows
oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood to
mix.
 9 out of 1000 people are
born with congenital
heart defects.