The document summarizes key aspects of cardiovascular system anatomy and physiology including: 1. It describes the basic structure and function of the heart including the four chambers, valves, and blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart. 2. It explains the cardiac cycle and how electrical signals coordinate heart muscle contraction and relaxation. 3. It discusses how the heart rate and arterial blood pressure are regulated by neural and hormonal factors to adjust cardiac output to meet the body's needs.

1. Cardiovascular System Chapter 15-Part 1 PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10 th edition , edited by S.C. Wache for Biol2074.01

2. You are responsible for the following figures and topics: Part I. Structure and function of the heart. Fig. 15.1 – The cardiovascular system supplies lungs and body in separate pathways. Fig. 15.2 Anterior view of the human heart. Fig. 15.3 – Location of the heart in the mediastinum. Fig. 15.4 – It is enclosed by a double membrane pericardium. Fig. 15.5 - The heart wall. Fig. 15.10, 15.11 - Two circuits: pulmonary circuit; systemic or body circuit. Fig. 15.6, 15.9 - Name all the parts: 4 valves, 4 chambers, vessels going in and out of the heart. Fig. 15.4 , 15.13 - Anterior and posterior views of the heart. Fig. 15.15 - Coronary circuit. Pathway of blood flow Fig. 15.17 - The figure is made up of 5 subsets. Recordings during a cardiac cycle. Fig. 15.18 – Heart valves can be listened to at 2nd/3rd ribs and 5th/6th ribs. Fig. 15.19 - Cardiac conduction system. Fig. 15.22 - Study the phases of a cardiac cycle. Fig. 15.24 - control of cardiac output - [see table in the attached lecture handout] Read Clin. Appl. 15.5, p. 578, regarding hypertension. Fig. 15.37 – Vasoconstriction v. vasodilation control BP. Fig. 15.39 - When cardiac output increases and BP is high… Fig. 15.40 - Vasodilation in response to high BP.

3. Fig. 15.1 Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit Systemic Circuit

5. Fig. 15.4

7. Fig. 15.6

8. Fig. 15.7 1 cm

9. Fig. 15.8 Bicuspid valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve

11. Fig. 15.10 Pulmonary Circuit Systemic Circuit

12. Fig. 15.11

15. Fig. 15.12

16. Fig. 15.14

18. Fig. 15.16 Note that the R and L atria contract together followed by the R and L ventricles contracting together. This results in the typical lub-dup sound in a stethoscope. Note that it takes two such sounds, lub-dup lub-dup, for one complete passage of one volume of blood through the R and L sides of the heart. Note: Following is a complex figure of the cardiac cycle !!!

19. Fig. 15.17 LUB DUP LUB DUP Pressure (mmHg ) Volume (ml)

22. Fig. 15.19

24. Fig. 15.22 - ECG

26. Fig. 15.23 Spinal Cord Medulla Cerebrum

27. Factors that Influence Arterial Blood Pressure (BP) , TB, p.572