The document summarizes a presentation about a laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure. It describes the procedure as a minimally invasive surgery to remove the gallbladder through several small incisions using instruments inserted through the abdominal wall. The presentation outlines why the surgery is performed, usually to treat gallstones, gallbladder polyps, or cholecystitis. It notes the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery and some risks of the procedure like injury to organs or postoperative bleeding. Alternatives like open surgery are mentioned if the anatomy is unclear.

1. ORPs Educational Programme
Presentation : PROCEDURE: LAP-CHOLE
Fascinator : SHAMSHAD ALI
Date of Presentation : February 12, 2013
Day & Time : Tuesday @ 08:30 am
What is a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy?
It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the removal of the gallbladder.
How is it done?
 It is generally performed using a general anesthesia.
 During the procedure the abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide to provide
room for the procedure.
 Through a small incision made at the navel, a laparoscope is inserted into the
abdomen.
 Three small additional holes are made to allow the entry of the instruments. The
gallbladder is located and the cystic duct and artery are tied off.
 The gallbladder is removed and the incision is closed.
Why is it done?
It is usually done to treat the following conditions such as:
 Gall Stones
These are solid deposits of cholesterol or calcium salts that form in your
gallbladder or nearby bile ducts
 Gall Bladder Polyps
These are growths or lesions resembling growths (polypoid lesions) in the wall
of the gallbladder.

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 Cholecystitis
It is the inflammation of the gallbladder (the presence of choleliths or
gallstones, in the gallbladder), with choleliths most commonly blocking the cystic duct
directly.
Laparoscopic surgery
It is associated with less postoperative pain, a shorter hospital stay, and better cosmetic
results than the open surgical procedure.
Risks and Complications associated with anesthesia
 respiratory or cardiac malfunction
 Injury to the bile duct, blood vessels or other abdominal organs
 Minor shoulder pain (from the carbon dioxide gas)
 Post operative bleeding
 Infection
Alternatives
Open surgery (laparotomy) may have to be performed in patients with bleeding; if
there is abnormal anatomy resulting from acute infection; or where scarring from
previous surgeries or infections prevent a clear view of the anatomy.
Candidate eligibility
The surgeon will make the final determination of each patient’s eligibility for the
procedure after an examination and consultation with the patient.
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