Chest radiology case conference August 25, 2016
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This document summarizes a case conference discussion of chest radiology findings. It lists various pathologies that can be seen on chest x-rays and their effects on tracheal positioning and lung opacification. These include pneumonectomy, lung collapse, masses, effusions, hernias and edema. Specific cases are then discussed, including a patient who developed a massive pneumothorax due to their chest tube Heimlich valve being placed backwards, preventing air escape.
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PNEUMOTHORAX fahad basheer
this is my presentation of pneumothorax that I presented in my gen medicine class, I includes investing and management only of pneumothorax
best of luck
Management of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax
This document discusses different types of pneumothorax including closed, open, and tension pneumothorax. Closed pneumothorax results from blunt chest trauma causing a rib fracture and air entering the pleural space, which then seals off. Open pneumothorax involves a penetrating chest injury creating a passage for air entry. Tension pneumothorax occurs when a one-way valve forms, allowing air to enter on inspiration but not exit, gradually increasing pressure. Management involves needle decompression for tension pneumothorax or chest tube placement connected to suction for other types to drain air and re-expand the lung.
Managing pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of pneumothorax. Key factors in treatment include whether the pneumothorax is spontaneous or traumatic, primary or secondary, the patient's age and symptoms, and the size of the pneumothorax. Small pneumothoraces may be treated with oxygen or simple aspiration while larger ones often require a chest drain. Follow up is important to ensure complete resolution. Recurrent or bilateral pneumothoraces may require early specialist involvement. Treatment options range from observation to procedures like thoracotomy or pleurodesis.
Pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of spontaneous pneumothorax according to British Thoracic Society guidelines. It covers topics such as the use of chest tubes and suction, management of bronchopleural fistulas, indications for surgical consultation, post-treatment advice, and tension pneumothorax. Management involves chest tube drainage and observation for most cases, while refractory air leaks, bilateral pneumothorax, or high-risk professions may require surgical intervention or advice.
10.Pneumothorax
- The document discusses pneumothorax, describing its classification, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Key points include that tension pneumothorax can cause rapid deterioration and requires immediate treatment, while spontaneous pneumothorax is classified as primary or secondary depending on underlying lung health.
- Treatment involves observation for small primary pneumothoraces or procedures like aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery depending on the size and symptoms.
Pneomothorax & hemothorax by Farshid Mokhberi
This document discusses pneumothorax and hemothorax. It defines pneumothorax as a collection of air in the pleural space, which can be spontaneous or traumatic. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition where air builds up pressure in the pleural space. Hemothorax is defined as a collection of blood in the pleural space. The document covers causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches for pneumothorax and hemothorax.
Nursing Bulletin Notes On Pneumothorax
1) Pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. It can be spontaneous, due to a rupture in the lung, or occur after chest trauma.
2) Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Signs include decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side. A chest tube may be placed to drain air or fluid from the pleural space and allow lung re-expansion.
3) Nursing care for a patient with a chest tube involves monitoring the drainage system, turning the patient, and ensuring the tube does not become kinked or dislodged. Complications include infection, hemorrh
Pneumothorax ABC Assessment
The ABC protocol establishes treatment priorities of airway, breathing, and circulation for seriously injured patients. It involves fully exposing the patient's chest and assessing symmetry of breathing, signs of airway obstruction, and hemodynamic status to identify issues. Pneumothorax diagnosis involves checking for chest asymmetry on inspection and percussion with hyper-resonance, while auscultation ensures air exchange in the lungs. Treatment aims to eliminate air, reduce leakage, promote healing, re-expand the lung, and prevent recurrence.
Recommended
PNEUMOTHORAX fahad basheer
this is my presentation of pneumothorax that I presented in my gen medicine class, I includes investing and management only of pneumothorax
best of luck
Management of traumatic pneumothorax and haemothorax
This document discusses different types of pneumothorax including closed, open, and tension pneumothorax. Closed pneumothorax results from blunt chest trauma causing a rib fracture and air entering the pleural space, which then seals off. Open pneumothorax involves a penetrating chest injury creating a passage for air entry. Tension pneumothorax occurs when a one-way valve forms, allowing air to enter on inspiration but not exit, gradually increasing pressure. Management involves needle decompression for tension pneumothorax or chest tube placement connected to suction for other types to drain air and re-expand the lung.
Managing pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of pneumothorax. Key factors in treatment include whether the pneumothorax is spontaneous or traumatic, primary or secondary, the patient's age and symptoms, and the size of the pneumothorax. Small pneumothoraces may be treated with oxygen or simple aspiration while larger ones often require a chest drain. Follow up is important to ensure complete resolution. Recurrent or bilateral pneumothoraces may require early specialist involvement. Treatment options range from observation to procedures like thoracotomy or pleurodesis.
Pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of spontaneous pneumothorax according to British Thoracic Society guidelines. It covers topics such as the use of chest tubes and suction, management of bronchopleural fistulas, indications for surgical consultation, post-treatment advice, and tension pneumothorax. Management involves chest tube drainage and observation for most cases, while refractory air leaks, bilateral pneumothorax, or high-risk professions may require surgical intervention or advice.
10.Pneumothorax
- The document discusses pneumothorax, describing its classification, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options.
- Key points include that tension pneumothorax can cause rapid deterioration and requires immediate treatment, while spontaneous pneumothorax is classified as primary or secondary depending on underlying lung health.
- Treatment involves observation for small primary pneumothoraces or procedures like aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery depending on the size and symptoms.
Pneomothorax & hemothorax by Farshid Mokhberi
This document discusses pneumothorax and hemothorax. It defines pneumothorax as a collection of air in the pleural space, which can be spontaneous or traumatic. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition where air builds up pressure in the pleural space. Hemothorax is defined as a collection of blood in the pleural space. The document covers causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and treatment approaches for pneumothorax and hemothorax.
Nursing Bulletin Notes On Pneumothorax
1) Pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural space between the lung and chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. It can be spontaneous, due to a rupture in the lung, or occur after chest trauma.
2) Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Signs include decreased or absent breath sounds on the affected side. A chest tube may be placed to drain air or fluid from the pleural space and allow lung re-expansion.
3) Nursing care for a patient with a chest tube involves monitoring the drainage system, turning the patient, and ensuring the tube does not become kinked or dislodged. Complications include infection, hemorrh
Pneumothorax ABC Assessment
The ABC protocol establishes treatment priorities of airway, breathing, and circulation for seriously injured patients. It involves fully exposing the patient's chest and assessing symmetry of breathing, signs of airway obstruction, and hemodynamic status to identify issues. Pneumothorax diagnosis involves checking for chest asymmetry on inspection and percussion with hyper-resonance, while auscultation ensures air exchange in the lungs. Treatment aims to eliminate air, reduce leakage, promote healing, re-expand the lung, and prevent recurrence.
Pneumothorax : Cause and management
Encompasses the general overview of pneumothorax based on BTS and ACCP guidelines.
Useful for surgeons and MBBS students
Pneumothorax
1. A 34-year-old man presents with ongoing chest pain worse with deep inspiration following crack cocaine use that morning.
2. On exam, he is tachycardic but without respiratory distress. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally without crepitus.
3. Chest x-ray shows a thin layer of air outlining the heart borders, aorta, and tracking into the superior mediastinum and neck, consistent with pneumomediastinum.
Pneumothorax & chest tube final year mbbs lecture
This document discusses pneumothorax, its causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment. Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. It can be spontaneous due to lung diseases or trauma, or iatrogenic due to medical procedures. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency characterized by respiratory distress and shifted trachea. Investigation includes chest x-ray and CT. Treatment involves chest drain insertion.
Pneumothorax class
The document discusses pneumothorax, which is air in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It notes that the normal pleural pressure is -5 cm H2O at the beginning of inspiration and -7.5 cm H2O at the end. Pneumothorax can be caused by trauma, medical procedures, or underlying lung conditions. Signs include shortness of breath, chest pain, and decreased breath sounds on examination. Treatment involves needle aspiration or chest tube placement to remove air and re-expand the lung. Recurrent or tension pneumothorax may require surgery.
Chest trauma nur 415-fall 2009
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and 2/3 of deaths occur after reaching the hospital. It is associated with serious pathological consequences such as hypoxia, hypovolemia, and myocardial failure. The most common chest injuries from blunt trauma are rib fractures, which can indicate serious underlying injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and flail chest are also common injuries and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Tension pneumothorax in particular is a surgical emergency that requires decompression to prevent hemodynamic collapse.
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The document discusses various chest conditions including chest trauma, pneumothorax, haemothorax, flail chest, and pericardial tamponade. It describes the classification, clinical features, and management of these conditions. Specifically, it covers tension pneumothorax diagnosis and the need for immediate decompression. It also outlines procedures for inserting and managing chest drains.
Case presentation
A 5-day-old infant presented with shortness of breath, grunting, and poor feeding. Examination revealed reduced chest movements and diminished breath sounds on the left side. Chest X-ray showed pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse. It can be open, closed, or valvular. Causes include spontaneous (primary or secondary to lung disease) or traumatic (iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic) origins. Treatment options range from observation of small pneumothoraces to chest tube insertion or pleurodesis surgery for larger or recurrent cases.
Pneumothorax
1. The document discusses spontaneous pneumothorax, focusing on diagnosis and management.
2. Key points covered include risk factors for primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and criteria for determining appropriate treatment including observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion, or referral to cardiothoracic surgery.
3. Management decisions are based on whether the pneumothorax is primary or secondary, the patient's symptoms, and the size of the pneumothorax.
Tension pneumothorax - Interesting Emergency Case presentation
A patient presented to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. On examination, the patient's breathing sounds were decreased bilaterally with wheezing. Tests showed ischemic changes on ECG and type 1 respiratory failure on ABG. Chest X-ray revealed a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient was treated with intercostal drainage and discharged after two days with medications.
Chest emergencies
This document discusses the evaluation and treatment of thoracic emergencies. It outlines the importance of identifying the mechanism of injury and treating early to prevent deaths. The history, physical exam, resuscitation, lab/radiological investigations, and classification of various conditions are described. Specific conditions like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, cardiac tamponade and aortic disruption are evaluated and treatments like chest tube insertion, thoracotomy, and pericardiocentesis are presented. Myocardial contusion is also discussed.
Chest injuries & their management (2)
The document discusses various types of chest injuries that can result from blunt or penetrating trauma. It describes injuries to the chest wall like rib fractures, as well as injuries within the thoracic cavity including pneumothorax, hemothorax, lung contusions, and injuries to the heart and major blood vessels. The majority of chest trauma can be managed with supportive care like oxygen therapy, analgesics, and chest tube drainage, while a minority of severe cases require surgical intervention like thoracotomy.
Pneumothorax
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. It defines pneumothorax as air in the pleural space that can occur spontaneously or from trauma. The types are described as spontaneous, open, or tension pneumothorax. Clinical manifestations include shortness of breath, chest pain, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side. Diagnosis involves history, exam, chest x-ray and blood gas analysis. Management depends on the type but may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery to repair the lung. Nursing care focuses on dressing wounds, positioning, monitoring chest tube drainage, and watching for complications like respiratory failure.
Chest trauma
This document discusses chest trauma, including the different mechanisms of injury from blunt or penetrating sources. It describes common injuries such as rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusions. The initial management focuses on the ABCs and identifying life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade. Specific injuries like flail chest require pain control, pulmonary therapy, or ventilator support. Radiologic tests help with diagnosis, and conditions may require chest tube insertion or surgery.
Physics of Pneumothorax
This document provides an overview of lung physiology and anatomy, the mechanics of breathing, and tension pneumothorax. It describes how breathing works through changes in pressure in the lungs and pleural cavity. A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural cavity but cannot exit, increasing pressure and risking life-threatening effects by compressing the heart and blood vessels. It is treated by inserting a needle and chest tube to relieve the built-up pressure and allow the lungs to re-inflate.
Hemothorax
This document discusses various types and causes of hemothorax. It defines hemothorax as blood in the pleural space and lists trauma, medical conditions, and iatrogenic causes. Treatment options discussed include tube thoracostomy for drainage, VATS for bleeding control, and CT-guided arterial embolization. Complications like clot retention, empyema, and fibrothorax are described. Nontraumatic causes such as malignancy, anticoagulation therapy, and endometriosis are also summarized.
emergency protocol in pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. It defines pneumothorax and differentiates between primary and secondary pneumothorax. It provides diagnostic guidelines including physical exam findings and recommended imaging studies. Flowcharts are presented outlining recommended treatment algorithms for primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax involving aspiration, intercostal drain placement, suction, and discussion of surgical referral depending on the size of pneumothorax and response to initial treatment. Post-procedure care and discharge criteria are also outlined.
Pneumothorax Power Point
A 34-year-old man presents with 2 days of right-sided chest pain that worsens with deep breathing and radiates to his neck and shoulderblade. He has a history of tobacco use but no other medical problems. Examination finds him in no distress. Chest x-ray shows a right-sided pneumothorax. Treatment depends on size and symptoms, with small primary pneumothoraces sometimes observed as outpatients and larger or recurrent ones requiring chest tube placement in the hospital. Pneumothoraces are classified as primary spontaneous, secondary spontaneous, or traumatic based on associated lung disease or injury history.
Pneumothorax.HR
Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and chest wall. It can be caused by chest injuries, lung diseases like COPD, mechanical ventilation, or ruptured air blisters in the lungs. There are three main types: open pneumothorax involves an open chest wound, closed pneumothorax has no chest wound, and tension pneumothorax traps air in the pleural space. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment involves placing a chest tube to drain air and re-expand the lung.
pneumothorax
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is the presence of air in the pleural space. It can be spontaneous, due to trauma, or iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is classified as primary or secondary. Primary occurs without lung disease in young males and secondary occurs with underlying lung conditions. Types include closed, open, and tension. Clinical features, investigations like CXR and CT, and treatment approaches are described depending on the type and severity of pneumothorax. Needle aspiration, tube thoracostomy, surgery, and pleurodesis are common management steps.
Chest trauma ppt for lems
- Blunt and penetrating chest trauma are leading causes of trauma death, accounting for approximately 25% of trauma fatalities in the US each year.
- Common injuries from chest trauma include rib fractures, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac/vascular injuries. Aggressive management is needed to support ventilation and treat underlying injuries.
- Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression to relieve pressure on the heart and great vessels. Other critical treatments include securing the airway, administering oxygen, performing needle decompression if indicated, giving IV fluids, and rapid transport to a trauma center.
Fundamentals of chest radiology
This document provides an overview of a chest x-ray procedure, including:
- What a chest x-ray is and its common uses such as evaluating the lungs, heart, and chest for conditions like pneumonia or lung cancer.
- How the procedure is performed, including positioning the patient and obtaining frontal and lateral x-ray images.
- How chest x-rays work by exposing the chest to low-dose radiation and producing images based on tissue density.
- The benefits of chest x-rays in providing fast, low-risk imaging to diagnose chest conditions, weighed against the small radiation exposure risk.
- Key anatomy seen on chest x-rays like the lungs, heart borders, f
Coronary CTA
This document discusses coronary CT angiography (CCTA) techniques and applications. It provides answers and explanations for 20 questions related to cardiac imaging findings and coronary artery anatomy. Key points include:
- CCTA is useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk.
- A calcium score alone is not sufficient to accurately assess for coronary artery disease.
- The optimal location for bolus tracking for pulmonary vein imaging is at the level of the left atrium.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium.
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Pneumothorax : Cause and management
Encompasses the general overview of pneumothorax based on BTS and ACCP guidelines.
Useful for surgeons and MBBS students
Pneumothorax
1. A 34-year-old man presents with ongoing chest pain worse with deep inspiration following crack cocaine use that morning.
2. On exam, he is tachycardic but without respiratory distress. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally without crepitus.
3. Chest x-ray shows a thin layer of air outlining the heart borders, aorta, and tracking into the superior mediastinum and neck, consistent with pneumomediastinum.
Pneumothorax & chest tube final year mbbs lecture
This document discusses pneumothorax, its causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment. Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. It can be spontaneous due to lung diseases or trauma, or iatrogenic due to medical procedures. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency characterized by respiratory distress and shifted trachea. Investigation includes chest x-ray and CT. Treatment involves chest drain insertion.
Pneumothorax class
The document discusses pneumothorax, which is air in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It notes that the normal pleural pressure is -5 cm H2O at the beginning of inspiration and -7.5 cm H2O at the end. Pneumothorax can be caused by trauma, medical procedures, or underlying lung conditions. Signs include shortness of breath, chest pain, and decreased breath sounds on examination. Treatment involves needle aspiration or chest tube placement to remove air and re-expand the lung. Recurrent or tension pneumothorax may require surgery.
Chest trauma nur 415-fall 2009
Chest trauma accounts for 25% of all trauma deaths and 2/3 of deaths occur after reaching the hospital. It is associated with serious pathological consequences such as hypoxia, hypovolemia, and myocardial failure. The most common chest injuries from blunt trauma are rib fractures, which can indicate serious underlying injuries. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and flail chest are also common injuries and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Tension pneumothorax in particular is a surgical emergency that requires decompression to prevent hemodynamic collapse.
Thoracic surgical emergencies
The document discusses various chest conditions including chest trauma, pneumothorax, haemothorax, flail chest, and pericardial tamponade. It describes the classification, clinical features, and management of these conditions. Specifically, it covers tension pneumothorax diagnosis and the need for immediate decompression. It also outlines procedures for inserting and managing chest drains.
Case presentation
A 5-day-old infant presented with shortness of breath, grunting, and poor feeding. Examination revealed reduced chest movements and diminished breath sounds on the left side. Chest X-ray showed pneumothorax. Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space, causing partial or complete lung collapse. It can be open, closed, or valvular. Causes include spontaneous (primary or secondary to lung disease) or traumatic (iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic) origins. Treatment options range from observation of small pneumothoraces to chest tube insertion or pleurodesis surgery for larger or recurrent cases.
Pneumothorax
1. The document discusses spontaneous pneumothorax, focusing on diagnosis and management.
2. Key points covered include risk factors for primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and criteria for determining appropriate treatment including observation, needle aspiration, chest tube insertion, or referral to cardiothoracic surgery.
3. Management decisions are based on whether the pneumothorax is primary or secondary, the patient's symptoms, and the size of the pneumothorax.
Tension pneumothorax - Interesting Emergency Case presentation
A patient presented to the emergency department with sudden onset shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. On examination, the patient's breathing sounds were decreased bilaterally with wheezing. Tests showed ischemic changes on ECG and type 1 respiratory failure on ABG. Chest X-ray revealed a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient was treated with intercostal drainage and discharged after two days with medications.
Chest emergencies
This document discusses the evaluation and treatment of thoracic emergencies. It outlines the importance of identifying the mechanism of injury and treating early to prevent deaths. The history, physical exam, resuscitation, lab/radiological investigations, and classification of various conditions are described. Specific conditions like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, cardiac tamponade and aortic disruption are evaluated and treatments like chest tube insertion, thoracotomy, and pericardiocentesis are presented. Myocardial contusion is also discussed.
Chest injuries & their management (2)
The document discusses various types of chest injuries that can result from blunt or penetrating trauma. It describes injuries to the chest wall like rib fractures, as well as injuries within the thoracic cavity including pneumothorax, hemothorax, lung contusions, and injuries to the heart and major blood vessels. The majority of chest trauma can be managed with supportive care like oxygen therapy, analgesics, and chest tube drainage, while a minority of severe cases require surgical intervention like thoracotomy.
Pneumothorax
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. It defines pneumothorax as air in the pleural space that can occur spontaneously or from trauma. The types are described as spontaneous, open, or tension pneumothorax. Clinical manifestations include shortness of breath, chest pain, and decreased breath sounds on the affected side. Diagnosis involves history, exam, chest x-ray and blood gas analysis. Management depends on the type but may include observation, needle aspiration, chest tube placement, or surgery to repair the lung. Nursing care focuses on dressing wounds, positioning, monitoring chest tube drainage, and watching for complications like respiratory failure.
Chest trauma
This document discusses chest trauma, including the different mechanisms of injury from blunt or penetrating sources. It describes common injuries such as rib fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pulmonary contusions. The initial management focuses on the ABCs and identifying life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax or cardiac tamponade. Specific injuries like flail chest require pain control, pulmonary therapy, or ventilator support. Radiologic tests help with diagnosis, and conditions may require chest tube insertion or surgery.
Physics of Pneumothorax
This document provides an overview of lung physiology and anatomy, the mechanics of breathing, and tension pneumothorax. It describes how breathing works through changes in pressure in the lungs and pleural cavity. A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural cavity but cannot exit, increasing pressure and risking life-threatening effects by compressing the heart and blood vessels. It is treated by inserting a needle and chest tube to relieve the built-up pressure and allow the lungs to re-inflate.
Hemothorax
This document discusses various types and causes of hemothorax. It defines hemothorax as blood in the pleural space and lists trauma, medical conditions, and iatrogenic causes. Treatment options discussed include tube thoracostomy for drainage, VATS for bleeding control, and CT-guided arterial embolization. Complications like clot retention, empyema, and fibrothorax are described. Nontraumatic causes such as malignancy, anticoagulation therapy, and endometriosis are also summarized.
emergency protocol in pneumothorax
This document discusses the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. It defines pneumothorax and differentiates between primary and secondary pneumothorax. It provides diagnostic guidelines including physical exam findings and recommended imaging studies. Flowcharts are presented outlining recommended treatment algorithms for primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax involving aspiration, intercostal drain placement, suction, and discussion of surgical referral depending on the size of pneumothorax and response to initial treatment. Post-procedure care and discharge criteria are also outlined.
Pneumothorax Power Point
A 34-year-old man presents with 2 days of right-sided chest pain that worsens with deep breathing and radiates to his neck and shoulderblade. He has a history of tobacco use but no other medical problems. Examination finds him in no distress. Chest x-ray shows a right-sided pneumothorax. Treatment depends on size and symptoms, with small primary pneumothoraces sometimes observed as outpatients and larger or recurrent ones requiring chest tube placement in the hospital. Pneumothoraces are classified as primary spontaneous, secondary spontaneous, or traumatic based on associated lung disease or injury history.
Pneumothorax.HR
Pneumothorax is a collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lungs and chest wall. It can be caused by chest injuries, lung diseases like COPD, mechanical ventilation, or ruptured air blisters in the lungs. There are three main types: open pneumothorax involves an open chest wound, closed pneumothorax has no chest wound, and tension pneumothorax traps air in the pleural space. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment involves placing a chest tube to drain air and re-expand the lung.
pneumothorax
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is the presence of air in the pleural space. It can be spontaneous, due to trauma, or iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is classified as primary or secondary. Primary occurs without lung disease in young males and secondary occurs with underlying lung conditions. Types include closed, open, and tension. Clinical features, investigations like CXR and CT, and treatment approaches are described depending on the type and severity of pneumothorax. Needle aspiration, tube thoracostomy, surgery, and pleurodesis are common management steps.
Chest trauma ppt for lems
- Blunt and penetrating chest trauma are leading causes of trauma death, accounting for approximately 25% of trauma fatalities in the US each year.
- Common injuries from chest trauma include rib fractures, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac/vascular injuries. Aggressive management is needed to support ventilation and treat underlying injuries.
- Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate needle decompression to relieve pressure on the heart and great vessels. Other critical treatments include securing the airway, administering oxygen, performing needle decompression if indicated, giving IV fluids, and rapid transport to a trauma center.
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Tension pneumothorax - Interesting Emergency Case presentation
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Fundamentals of chest radiology
This document provides an overview of a chest x-ray procedure, including:
- What a chest x-ray is and its common uses such as evaluating the lungs, heart, and chest for conditions like pneumonia or lung cancer.
- How the procedure is performed, including positioning the patient and obtaining frontal and lateral x-ray images.
- How chest x-rays work by exposing the chest to low-dose radiation and producing images based on tissue density.
- The benefits of chest x-rays in providing fast, low-risk imaging to diagnose chest conditions, weighed against the small radiation exposure risk.
- Key anatomy seen on chest x-rays like the lungs, heart borders, f
Coronary CTA
This document discusses coronary CT angiography (CCTA) techniques and applications. It provides answers and explanations for 20 questions related to cardiac imaging findings and coronary artery anatomy. Key points include:
- CCTA is useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk.
- A calcium score alone is not sufficient to accurately assess for coronary artery disease.
- The optimal location for bolus tracking for pulmonary vein imaging is at the level of the left atrium.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium.
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Master radiology notes chest
This document provides an overview of how to interpret a normal chest x-ray and describes various imaging views and findings. It discusses the appearance of the heart, lungs, diaphragm and other structures on a posteroanterior view. Additional views like lateral films and inspiratory/expiratory films are mentioned. Common differentials like Kerley lines and the silhouette sign are also summarized.
Radiology chest Case conference Aug 3, 2016.
A Morgagni hernia is a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia that accounts for 2% of cases. It occurs when there is a failure of fusion of costal and sternal elements of the diaphragm, resulting in herniation through the foramen of Morgagni on the right side. Morgagni hernias are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging. While congenital diaphragmatic hernias have an incidence of 1 in 2000-4000 births, Morgagni hernias specifically account for approximately 2% of congenital diaphragmatic hernia cases.
What does coronary calcium score mean ?
The document discusses coronary artery calcium scoring, which is a noninvasive test that can help predict cardiovascular risk. It provides background on how calcium builds up in the arteries and correlates with risk. The document outlines guidelines for who should receive calcium scoring, how the test is performed, what different score results mean in terms of risk levels, and the advantages and disadvantages of the test compared to other biomarkers. It concludes that calcium scoring is a validated risk assessment tool that can help identify individuals at higher risk earlier and guide prevention efforts.
Chest radiology essentials signs
This chapter discusses common signs and patterns seen on chest radiographs and CT scans related to lung disease. It describes 22 specific signs and patterns, including the air bronchogram sign indicating a parenchymal lung process, the air crescent sign seen with cavitary lung lesions, and the fallen lung sign seen when a bronchus is fractured. Each sign is defined and the pathology or disease process it typically represents is explained. The signs and patterns covered can help radiologists and clinicians identify and characterize different lung conditions.
Chest xray for evaluation of cardiovascular system
In this ppt i am describing how to approach for chest X-ray in a patient with cardiovascular disorder
CXR Interpretation for Med Students
This document provides an overview of how to interpret a chest x-ray. It discusses the normal anatomy seen on a CXR and various patterns of abnormality. It describes how to systematically analyze a CXR by examining the airways, bones, cardiovascular system, diaphragm, lungs, and soft tissues. Common abnormalities are outlined, including consolidation, interstitial lung disease, atelectasis, nodules/masses, cavities/cysts, and calcification. Specific examples of different pathological processes are also reviewed.
Approach to Chest X-Ray and Interpretation
Normal Chest X-Ray and Approach to Chest X-Ray has been elaborately covered including the basics to the problem solving tools
Chest radiology in intensive care
- Chest radiography is useful for assessing pulmonary edema, infiltrates, effusions, pneumothorax, and positioning of lines and tubes in intensive care patients. Common findings include air bronchograms, hilar enlargement, Kerley lines, and increased vascular pedicle width.
- Pneumomediastinum is suggested by findings like the continuous diaphragm sign, Naclerio's V sign, and double bronchial wall sign. A pneumothorax may be occult or demonstrated by a pleural line with absent lung markings.
- Proper positioning of central lines is important but can be challenging due to anatomical variability. The tip should lie in the SVC above the pericardial
Chest Radiograph for Interns
This document provides an overview of chest radiograph interpretation for interns, covering normal anatomy, common pathologies, and technical factors. It summarizes how to evaluate for adequate penetration, inspiration, rotation, magnification, and angulation. Common pathologies like pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis are described with examples. Normal pediatric and adult chest x-ray features are outlined along with how to read and interpret the major anatomical structures visible.
Xray basics by me
This document provides an overview of chest x-ray basics including essential information to document, different views, positioning, and indications. The standard frontal view is the posteroanterior (PA) view with the patient standing and x-ray beam from back to front. The anteroposterior (AP) view is used for sick patients and images the chest from front to back with the patient supine. Key differences between the PA and AP views are noted. Additional views like lateral, decubitus, expiration, and lordotic may be used to better evaluate specific conditions. Critical anatomy like the heart, hilum, ribs are also reviewed.
Chest x ray basic knowlege
This document provides an overview of how to interpret chest x-rays. It discusses the basic principles of x-rays, including how x-rays interact with different tissues. It outlines the standard views and techniques for chest x-rays. It also describes what qualifies as a technically adequate chest x-ray and discusses some common pathologies seen on chest x-rays like cardiomegaly, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and pulmonary diseases. Quizzes are provided to test the interpretation of technical errors and common diagnoses.
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Chest xray for evaluation of cardiovascular system
Chest xray for evaluation of cardiovascular system
Similar to Chest radiology case conference August 25, 2016
Thoracic Surgery
Thoracic surgery involves approaches like intercostal thoracotomy, rib resection, split rib, and median sternotomy to access the thoracic cavity for conditions like diaphragmatic hernia and abscesses. Key anatomical considerations for these approaches include the musculature, vasculature, and respiratory physiology of the thoracic wall and pleural spaces. Common indications for thoracic surgery are penetrating wounds, foreign bodies, fractures, abscesses, and tumors affecting the lungs, heart, or pleural spaces.
Imaging in opaqe hemithorax [autosaved]
This document discusses the radiographic findings of complete opacification of one hemithorax seen on a chest x-ray. It notes that the position of the mediastinum and trachea can help narrow the differential diagnosis. Specifically:
- If the trachea is pulled towards the opacified side, possibilities include pneumonectomy, total lung collapse, pulmonary agenesis, or pulmonary hypoplasia.
- If the trachea remains central, consolidation, pulmonary edema/ARDS, a pleural mass, or chest wall mass should be considered.
- If the trachea is pushed away from the opacified side, a pleural effusion, diaphragmatic hernia,
Reexpansion pulmonary edema
Reexpansion pulmonary edema is a serious complication after sudden expansion of collapsed lung.Re-expansion pulmonary edema is an uncommon complication following drainage of a pneumothorax , pleural effusion or removal of any space occupying lesion.
The incidence referred is less than 1%, and mortality can reach up to 20%.
Pneumothorax PPT
Pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space and can occur spontaneously due to ruptured blebs or as a result of trauma or medical procedures. It presents clinically as reduced breath sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and mediastinal shift. Chest x-ray or CT scan are used for diagnosis and show hypertranslucency. Treatment involves supplemental oxygen, aspiration, or chest tube placement. Physiotherapy focuses on improving ventilation and exercise tolerance. Recurrence can be prevented through procedures like pleurodesis or thoracotomy along with smoking cessation.
Diaphragmatic Rupture
A 16-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation for 3 days. Imaging showed a left diaphragmatic rupture with herniation of abdominal organs into the left hemithorax, likely resulting from a previous stab wound injury 2 months prior that was repaired but resulted in a diaphragmatic defect. The patient underwent surgery to repair the diaphragmatic rupture and his recovery was uneventful.
Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax is the presence of air in the pleural space and can be spontaneous, due to trauma, or iatrogenic. It is classified as primary spontaneous which occurs without lung disease usually in young males, secondary spontaneous which occurs with underlying lung pathology, or traumatic. Types include closed which seals off, open with a bronchopleural fistula, and tension which increases pressure. Clinical features include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis is made with chest x-ray showing increased radiolucency. Small primary pneumothoraces may resolve on their own while secondary pneumothoraces and those with symptoms require tube thoracostomy drainage. Recurrent cases require pleurodesis or surgery.
10.Pneumothorax(
The document discusses pneumothorax, describing its history, classification, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Pneumothorax is classified as primary, secondary, traumatic, or iatrogenic. It results from a communication between the lung and pleural space, eliminating the normal negative pressure. Clinical signs depend on factors like underlying lung disease and pneumothorax size. Chest x-ray is used to diagnose, while CT scanning can estimate size. Treatment depends on classification, severity, and recurrence risk.
2-chesttubedrainage-130220045446-phpapp01 (1).pptx
- Chest tubes are used to drain fluid or air from the pleural space and promote lung expansion. They are indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, etc.
- The proper size of chest tube depends on patient factors like age and gender. Complications include pneumothorax and dyspnea.
- Nursing assessments after chest tube insertion include listening for breath sounds and chest wall movement on the affected side and monitoring for signs of respiratory distress.
BRONCHO PLEURAL FISTULA
A 15-year-old male presented with a bronchopleural fistula (BPF) following a chest injury. He underwent thoracotomy for a pneumonectomy due to an unrepairable transected right main bronchus. Anesthesia management focused on limiting ventilation to prevent worsening the BPF while maintaining oxygenation. Post-operatively, the patient required re-intubation due to a displaced double lumen tube causing a leak, then was successfully extubated on postoperative day three. Conservative management can also be considered for small BPFs using strategies like one-lung ventilation or high frequency jet ventilation to rest the lung and promote healing.
Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia
Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of anesthesiology and pain management.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for anesthesiologists, researchers, physicians, and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of anesthesiology. Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of anesthesiology and pain management.
Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia strongly supports the scientific upgradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Pneumothorax-A quick Review
This document discusses pneumothorax, which is the presence of air in the pleural space. It can be spontaneous, due to underlying lung disease or trauma, or iatrogenic due to medical procedures. The types are described as closed, open, or tension pneumothorax. Clinical features include chest pain and breathlessness. Diagnosis is made through chest x-ray or CT scan. Treatment depends on the type and severity, ranging from needle aspiration for minor cases to chest tube drainage or surgery for more severe or recurrent cases.
Anaesthetic problems of open chest and pathophysiology of one lung ventilation
Mechanics and physiology of lung isolation/ one-lung ventilaion,
Anaesthetic implications of one-lung ventilation and management strategies
West zones of the lung
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch, V-Q
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
Pleural disease
This document provides information on pleural diseases from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the pleura, and then summarizes different pleural conditions including pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and empyema. For each condition, it outlines the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment. The document uses headings to separate each section and provides detailed information on evaluating and managing common pleural diseases.
Traumatic Tracheo esophageal fistula
A 23-year-old male presented with a traumatic tracheoesophageal fistula (TTEF) following a road traffic accident that caused chest and arm injuries. Diagnostic tests revealed a fistula between the trachea and esophagus. Initial treatment involved nil by mouth and ryles tube feeding. When symptoms did not improve, an esophageal stent was placed endoscopically. However, the stent migrated on two occasions requiring repositioning. TTEF is a rare complication of blunt chest trauma, with high mortality if not treated surgically or with stents. Proper suspicion and early diagnosis are important for successful management of this condition.
atelektasis pdf.docx
1) Pulmonary atelectasis, or lung collapse, is a frequent complication of tuberculosis that results from complete obstruction of a bronchus.
2) Bronchoscopic examination is necessary to determine the cause of obstruction and whether it can be relieved. Removing the obstruction can allow the lung to re-expand.
3) Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary atelectasis is important to minimize lung damage and improve outcomes for patients with tuberculosis.
Thoracic surgery anesthesia
1) Thoracic anesthesia presents unique physiologic challenges including lung mechanics changes with lateral positioning, open pneumothorax risks, and one lung ventilation complications like hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction inhibition.
2) Careful patient evaluation and optimization is important preoperatively, including pulmonary function tests and cardiac evaluation. Intraoperatively, techniques like double lumen tubes, lung isolation, and thoracic epidural analgesia are utilized.
3) Postoperative complications can include pulmonary issues like edema, hemorrhage, or respiratory failure. Prolonged air leaks or bleeding may require chest tube insertion.
A female patient with intra operative pulmonary edema and bilateral spontaneo...
Norvan Vartevan, DO, Juan Carlos Cucalõn, MD, Corine Munnings, MD.
(Department of Anesthesia, Larkin Community Hospital)
Safe Suctioning
The document discusses strategies for safe suctioning of patients to avoid potential cardiac hazards. It covers anatomy related to suctioning, a brief history of suctioning techniques, definitions, indications for suctioning, and various hazards associated with suctioning including patient anxiety, changes in intracranial pressure, trauma, infection, pneumothorax, and hypoxia. The objectives are to familiarize nursing staff with safe suctioning techniques and ways to reduce cardiac hazards through both theoretical and practical teaching.
Pneumothorax sagar gandhi
Dr. Sagar Gandhi discusses pneumothorax in this document. Pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It can be primary or secondary and spontaneous or traumatic. Diagnosis is made through chest x-ray or CT scan. Treatment depends on size and includes observation, oxygen therapy, needle aspiration, catheter drainage, or chest tube placement. The goal is to promote lung re-expansion and prevent recurrence.
Surgical Management of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
This document discusses the evaluation, staging, surgical treatment options, complications, and prognosis for lung cancer. Key points include:
- Evaluation involves imaging like CT scans, biopsies, and pulmonary function tests. Surgery is indicated for early stage tumors.
- Surgical options include lobectomy, pneumonectomy, wedge resection or segmental resection depending on tumor size and location.
- Complications can include air leaks, infection, hemorrhage or formation of a bronchopleural fistula. Outcomes depend on cancer cell type and stage, with earlier stage having higher 5-year survival rates.
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2-chesttubedrainage-130220045446-phpapp01 (1).pptx
2-chesttubedrainage-130220045446-phpapp01 (1).pptx
Anaesthetic problems of open chest and pathophysiology of one lung ventilation
Anaesthetic problems of open chest and pathophysiology of one lung ventilation
A female patient with intra operative pulmonary edema and bilateral spontaneo...
A female patient with intra operative pulmonary edema and bilateral spontaneo...
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This document discusses the lasting lung effects of legalizing marijuana and what radiologists need to know. It finds that marijuana smoke deposits tar and chemicals at similar or higher levels than tobacco. Marijuana smoking can cause bronchitis, cough, wheezing and recurrent infections. It also increases the risk of lung cancer. Imaging may show micronodularity, infections like pneumonia, and sequelae of emphysema like pneumothorax. Radiologists should inquire about marijuana use in young patients with extensive unspecified lung findings to help make the diagnosis.
Non-malignant cardiac findings on FDG PET CT
This document discusses non-malignant cardiac findings that can present on FDG PET-CT scans. It presents 5 case examples of focal cardiac FDG uptake and describes the diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis in each case. Common non-malignant etiologies that can cause increased cardiac FDG uptake include physiologic variants, inflammation from conditions like sarcoidosis, infection from endocarditis, and anatomical variants like lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum. Differentiating malignant from non-malignant cardiac FDG uptake is important to avoid unnecessary diagnostic steps or treatment.
WHITEOUT LEFT HEMITHORAX: WHAT DO YOU THINK IS GOING ON HERE?
Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a rare cause of unilateral pleural effusion generally seen in patients withcirrhosis who do not have other reasons to explain their effusion.1 Most commonly HH presents in patients with ascites andtypically results in right sided pleural effusion; however, we detail a unique case below of left sided HH seen in the absence of ascites.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage unmasks aortic coarctation in a young man
A 20-year-old man presented with a severe headache and confusion and was found to have a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured basilar tip aneurysm. He was also found to have long-standing hypertension. Further cardiac imaging revealed an aortic coarctation, which had gone undiagnosed and likely caused his hypertension. Cardiac MRI and MRA clearly showed the coarctation and extensive collateral vessels that had formed. A cardiac catheterization further demonstrated a significant pressure gradient across the coarctation, confirming it as the cause of his hypertension. The patient subsequently underwent stent placement in the coarcted segment.
Aortic Arches A REVIEW E POSTER
This document discusses aortic arch anomalies. It begins by describing normal aortic arch development. It then defines vascular rings as vessels that encircle the trachea and esophagus, causing symptoms. It classifies the main types of vascular rings as complete rings (double aortic arch with right/left/balanced dominance, right aortic arch with left ductus arteriosus) and incomplete rings (innominate artery compression, pulmonary artery sling, left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian). Each type of ring is described in detail with examples and images provided.
Subaortic membrane
A 43-year-old male presented with chest trauma after a fall. A trans-thoracic echocardiogram revealed a 1 cm mass protruding into the left ventricular outflow tract. Cardiac MRI was obtained for better tissue characterization. The MRI showed the mass had a non-enhancing morphology. Based on the echocardiogram and MRI findings, the mass was determined to be a sub-aortic membrane. The patient was discharged with regular follow up since he did not have a significant gradient across the membrane or aortic regurgitation.
ALCAPA AND TAKEUCHI PROCEDURE
A 29-year-old female with a history of ALCAPA and Takeuchi procedure as a child presented with palpitations. Her recent echocardiogram showed worsening pulmonic stenosis and her holter monitor detected non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. She was ordered for a cardiac MRI to assess for left ventricular scar that could explain her arrhythmia and to evaluate her coronary anatomy before potential angiogram or hemodynamic study. CMR is useful for delineating coronary anatomy and detecting characteristic sub-endocardial late gadolinium enhancement in the basal anterolateral wall seen in ALCAPA patients. CMR may avoid the need for invasive procedures by clearly defining the postoperative anatomy in adults who
Chest tubes - what one needs to know?
This document discusses chest tubes and complications that can arise from procedures like needle thoracocentesis and tube thoracostomy placement. It notes that needle thoracocentesis can result in false positives or negatives if the needle is not correctly placed in the pleural space. Tube thoracostomy placement can also have complications if the tube is placed incorrectly, such as being extrapleural, intrapulmonary, or penetrating mediastinal structures. Correct placement of chest tubes and procedures is important to avoid failure to decompress the intended body spaces and potential fatal outcomes.
Alveolar sarcoid
A 37-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of daily cough and 30 lb unintentional weight loss. She was diagnosed with alveolar sarcoidosis based on radiographic findings of reticulonodular opacities. Alveolar sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation of pulmonary sarcoidosis characterized by interstitial granulomas compressing airways and mimicking airspace disease. The patient recovered with steroid treatment and follow-up imaging showed interstitial fibrotic changes, consistent with Stage 1 sarcoidosis.
Discitis and osteomyelitis in Sickle cell disease
1. A 14-year-old male with sickle cell disease presented with low back pain radiating up his spine that was worsened with movement. MRI showed chronic bone marrow changes and compression deformities consistent with his condition.
2. CT-guided biopsy of vertebrae showed preliminary positive cultures, with a presumptive diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis.
3. Vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis can result from hematogenous spread, direct inoculation, or contiguous spread. Treatment involves pathogen-directed antimicrobial therapy and drainage of abscesses if present.
Pheochromocytoma radiology
A 67-year-old female presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain following meals and diarrhea for two weeks. Imaging studies including CT, MRI, and MIBG scan revealed bilateral adrenal masses consistent with pheochromocytoma. Laboratory tests showed markedly elevated urine and plasma metanephrines levels confirming the diagnosis. Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumor that arises from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. It is usually benign but can be malignant in 10% of cases.
Hemithorax white out (1)
A 28-year-old female with diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and substance abuse presented with cough, chills, and nausea for 3 days. Imaging showed complete white-out of the left lung with an air bronchogram sign. The differential diagnosis for hemithorax white-out included pulmonary edema, consolidation, or a chest wall/pleural mass. Given the trachea was midline and presence of an air bronchogram sign, consolidation from pneumonia was suspected. The patient was treated with antibiotics.
Case conference abdomen November 1, 2017
1. The document discusses several abdominal radiology cases presented at a case conference, including a slipped lap band, C. difficile colitis, levamisole-induced vasculitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and images in mixed inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Key findings are described from a CT scan showing pneumatosis intestinalis and mesenteric vein gas in a patient with abdominal distension and vomiting being evaluated for ileus.
3. Another case discusses findings from a CT consistent with acute sigmoid volvulus without evidence of bowel perforation or other complications. Emergent surgical consultation is recommended.
Severe Hyponatremia, SIADH, and Pericardiac Effusion as Initial Presenting Fe...
A 56-year-old female presented with headache, dysarthria, and unsteady gait. Imaging revealed a moderate to large pericardial effusion. Labs showed hyponatremia consistent with SIADH. A pericardial window drained fluid and symptoms improved. Further imaging found metastatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to the pericardium and lung, explaining the presentation. The patient's citalopram use and pericardial effusion both likely contributed to her SIADH. Management included fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, and pericardial drainage.
Empyema as a complication of lung abscess drainage
This document describes the case of a 66-year-old male admitted for management of a cavitary lung lesion. He underwent CT-guided drainage of a lung abscess, but subsequently developed an empyema, likely due to contamination during drainage. He required a VATS procedure with debridement and decortication. Key learning points included that lung abscesses usually resolve with antibiotics, but drainage or resection may be needed for complicated cases, and percutaneous drainage carries risks of empyema or fistula formation from contamination.
Splenic rupture
Pt 1 is a 45-year-old man who presented with flank and chest pain due to a large splenic abscess and rupture secondary to illicit drug use including methamphetamines and heroin. Imaging showed a large fluid collection replacing the spleen. Pt 2 is a 27-year-old woman who presented with abdominal and pelvic pain due to an extracapsular splenic hemorrhage from illicit drug use. Both patients underwent splenic artery embolization and splenectomies. Illicit drug use such as cocaine can cause splenic infarction and subsequent rupture from vasospasms.
Radiology case conference october 4 2017. pptx
A 50-year-old female presented with an incidental 2x3 cm paraesophageal mass found on CT during a hematuria workup. FDG PET showed intense focal uptake in the mass concerning for metastatic lymph node or esophageal cancer. Biopsies were nondiagnostic. VATS showed necrotizing granuloma suggestive of fungal infection, likely histoplasmosis. Treatment with itraconazole led to a significant decrease in FDG avidity on follow-up PET-CT, indicating histoplasmosis rather than cancer. This case demonstrates that focal FDG uptake can be caused by fungal infection, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of possible esophageal cancer.
Atypical lung neoplasms1
This document discusses several cases of atypical chest neoplasms:
1. It describes bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma, a rare subtype of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in the lung. BALT lymphoma has nonspecific imaging findings but usually presents as nodules, masses, consolidation or ground-glass opacity.
2. It also discusses lymphangitic carcinomatosis, a tumor spread through the lungs' lymphatics most commonly seen with adenocarcinoma. On imaging, it demonstrates interlobular septal thickening, thickening of the bronchovascular interstitium, and often has a "dot in box" appearance
Pulmonary infections 1
This document describes a patient who was initially diagnosed with Klebsiella pneumonia based on imaging signs seen two years ago. More recently, imaging showed new signs and a lung biopsy was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans, while blood cultures detected Cryptococcus. The patient also has cavitary lung lesions caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare superimposed on the initial infection.
Airways lecture final 2017
A 30-year-old previously healthy man presented with worsening shortness of breath over two days. He had been working in a corn silo filled with nitrous oxide the day before and inhaled some of the gas. Laboratory results showed elevated white blood cells. Imaging showed diffuse lung inflammation and injury consistent with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis from inhaling the gas. He required ventilator support but was successfully treated with steroids and diuretics and showed improvement over the next few days.
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WHITEOUT LEFT HEMITHORAX: WHAT DO YOU THINK IS GOING ON HERE?
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Chest radiology case conference August 25, 2016
- 1. { CHEST Radiology Case conference August 25, 2016
- 2. 1
- 5. pneumonectomy total lung collapse: e.g. endobronchial intubation pulmonary agenesis pulmonary hypoplasia Trachea pulled toward the opacified side
- 6. Pushed away from the opacified side pleural effusion diaphragmatic hernia large pulmonary mass
- 7. Trachea remains central in position consolidation pulmonary oedema/ARDS pleural mass: e.g. mesothelioma chest wall mass: e.g. Askin/Ewing sarcoma
- 8. 2
- 11. 3
- 15. 4
- 19. 5
- 22. 6
- 25. 7
- 28. 8
- 30. { {Immediate post op 3 days post op
- 31. 9
- 34. 10
- 36. 11
- 38. 12
- 40. 13
- 42. 14
- 44. 15
- 46. { {
- 47. { {1 week later In ER after chest tube
- 48. 24 hours after chest tube why is the PTX massive?
- 49. Case Discussion On physical exam hyperresonance noted on left lung fields when compared to right, with no lung sounds auscultated on left side when compared to right side. Patients pigtail was examined also at this time with the Heimlich valve noted to be placed backwards with the pigtail closed off to prevent air from escaping. Heimlich valve connected to atrium with 20 cm to wall suction with notable air bubbles present after connection.
- 50. 16
- 53. 17
- 55. After RVATs and chest tubes
- 56. 18
Editor's Notes
- Left hepatohydrothorax
- Yolk sac tumor
- Left bronchus squamous cell neoplasm
- stab
- Good reepansion
- Left lung collapse from right bronchus intubation
- Right pneumonectomy
- Right pneumonectomy first post op day
- left upper lobe lobectomy
- LUL mass and resection
- Re-expansion pulmonary oedema
- Left upper collapse
- Right upper lobe collapse
- Golden S sign
- White out from small cell cancer?
- Iatrogeny Heimlich valve backwards.
- Iatrogeny Heimlich valve backwards.
- Hemo pneumothorax with Heimlich valve
- Hemo pneumothorax with Heimlich valve
- Empyema
- 23-year-old Chinese female has been in the country for 2 months with 10 day history of cough and night sweats. Left-sided pleural effusion with atelectasis.
- ? TB empyema