Two of the most catastrophic global pandemics in history, the Black Death and AIDS, are connected by chemokines. During the Black Death pandemic in the 14th century, which killed over 50% of Europe's population, the Mediterranean region suffered heavy casualties. Interestingly, populations from this region are resistant to HIV-1. This resistance is due to a genetic mutation found in some individuals that prevents the CCR5 protein, which HIV-1 uses to enter immune cells, from functioning properly. This same mutation provided benefits against both the plague and HIV/AIDS.

1. WHAT IS THE FACTOR
CONNECTING TWO OF THE
MOST CATACLYSMIC GLOBAL
PANDEMICS: BLACK DEATH
AND AIDS
• BY VISITH DANTANARAYANA OF GROUP 101
• UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF MISS OLGA

2. BLACK DEATH
FROM 1346- 1352AD

3. BLACK DEATH AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

4. YERSINIA PESTIS
ABOVE: ORIENTAL RAT FLEA
LEFT: YERSINIA PESTIS

5. AIDS
The abbreviation of Acquired
Immunodeficiency Virus.
CAUSED BY HIV OR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

6. HISTORY BEHIND HIV
HIV IS BELIEVED TO
HAVE EVOLVED FROM
THE CLOSELY RELATED
SIV OR SIMIAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS.

7. TWO TYPES OF HIV
HIV -1 HIV -2
FROM CHIMPANZEES OR GORILLAS TO
HUMANS THROUGH ZOONOSIS
EXPLAINED BY THE BUSHMEAT THEORY
FROM SOOTY MANGABEYES TO HUMANS
FATALITY IS HIGH FATALITY IS LOW

9. HIV/AIDS AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

11. THE CRITICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN
AIDS AND THE BLACK DEATH

12. THE CRUCIAL CONNECTION IS
CHEMOKINES

13. CHEMOTAXIS

15. TYPES OF STRUCTURE

16. WHY IS CHEMOKINE THE
CONNECTION?
IN 1346 WHEN THE PLAGUE BROKE OUT IT CAUSED
A MAJOR GENETIC SHIFT.
DURING THE PLAGUE THE MEDITERRANEAN
REGION SUFFERED THE HEAVIEST CASUALTIES.
CONTRASTINGLY THEY ARE RESISTANT TO HIV-1.

17. THE CYSTEINE-CYSTEINE CHEMOKINE
RECEPTOR CCR5 HAS THE ANSWERS
A protein found on the surface of white blood
cells that is involved in the immune system as it
acts as a receptor for Chemokines.

18. HIV-1 uses CCR5 to open a pathway
into the T - Lymphocyte

20. THE CRITICAL MUTATION
THE RESULT WAS A GIFT OF NATURE.
THE ABILITY TO RESIST TWO OF THE MOST FATAL DISEASES
SMALL POX AND
AIDS.

21. GET THE GIST

22. MODERN TREATMENT BASED ON THIS
THEORY
• Maraviroc
• Enfuvirtide

23. ROLE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING