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1. HIV - AIDS AND
NACP GUIDELINES
Educate, advocate, eradicate.
A. GRACY SELVA
3RD YEAR MBBS

3. WHAT IS HIV – AIDS?
 HIV – AIDS is a viral infections or sexually transmitted infections.
 HIV is a virus that damages the immune system. Untreated HIV
affects and kills CD4 cells which are a type of immune cell called T
cell.
 Healthy adults generally have a CD4 Count of 500 to 1600 per
cubic millimeter. A person with HIV whose CD4 count fails below
200 per cubic millimeter will be diagnosed with AIDS.
 Aids is a disease that can develop in people with HIV It’s the most
advanced stage of HIV. but just because a person has HIV doesn’t
mean AIDS will develop.

4. Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1,
colored green, budding from a cultured
lymphocyte
Diagram of an HIV virion structure

5. HIV TRANSMISSION
 The virus is transmitted in body fluids that include:
Blood
semen
vaginal and rectal fluids
breast milk
most common mode of HIV transmission is via sexual contacts
between people of the opposite sex
 HIV stands for HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES
 AIDS stands for ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SYNDROME

6. First main stage: acute
infection
Many individuals
develop an illness-like
influenza, mononucleosis
or glandular fever 2–4
weeks after exposure while
others have no significant
symptoms
Gastrointestinal
symptoms, such as
vomiting or diarrhea may
occur.

7. Second main stage: clinical
latency
Without treatment, this second
stage of the natural history of
HIV infection can last from
about three years to over
20 years
 there are few or no
symptoms at first, near the end
of this stage many people
experience fever, weight loss,
gastrointestinal problems and
muscle pains.

8. Third main stage: AIDS
Opportunistic
infections may be
caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and
parasites that are
normally controlled by
the immune system.

9. DIAGNOSIS
 ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY/ENZYME IMMUNOASSSAY
 RADIO IMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAY/INDIRECT FLUORESCENT
ANTIBODY ASSAY
 POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
 WESTERN BLOT - CONFIRMATORY TEST
 URINE TEST
 URINE WESTERN BLOT
 As sensitive as testing blood, safe way to screen for HIV
 can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

10. NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME

23. SERVICE PROVIDED
 LINK WORKER SCHEME
 BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES
 CONDOM PROMOTION
 STD CONTROL PROGRAMME
 INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
 ADOLESCENCE EDUCATION PROGRAMME
 RED RIBBON CLUB

26. WHO LATEST UPDATES
•HIV remains a major global public health issue, having
claimed 40.4 million [32.9–51.3 million] lives so far with
ongoing transmission in all countries globally; with some
countries reporting increasing trends in new infections when
previously on the decline.
•There were an estimated 39.0 million [33.1–45.7 million]
people living with HIV at the end of 2022, two thirds of whom
(25.6 million) are in the WHO African Region.
•In 2022, 630 000 [480 000–880 000] people died from HIV-
related causes and 1.3 million [1.0–1.7 million] people
acquired HIV.

27. CONCLUSION
HIV is spread from the body fluids of an infected person,
including blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal fluids. It is not
spread by kisses, hugs or sharing food. It can also spread from
a mother to her baby.
HIV can be treated and prevented with antiretroviral therapy
(ART). Untreated HIV can progress to AIDS, often after many
years.
WHO now defines Advanced HIV Disease (AHD) as CD4 cell
count less than 200cells/mm3 or WHO stage 3 or 4 in adults
and adolescents. All children with HIV younger than 5 years of
age are considered to have advanced HIV disease.

28. THANK YOU
Let's spread awareness, not the virus.