1. The document discusses various chemical conversion processes for biomass energy including hydrolysis, hydrogenation, and solvolysis. Hydrolysis involves using water to break chemical bonds, hydrogenation uses hydrogen gas and a catalyst to add hydrogen atoms to molecules, and solvolysis uses a solvent instead of water. 2. Specific examples of hydrolysis covered include salt hydrolysis, acid-base hydrolysis of esters and amides, and ATP hydrolysis which releases energy. Hydrogenation is commonly used to reduce double bonds in alkenes and methods include batch and continuous-flow systems. Solvolysis uses solvents like water or alcohols in substitution reactions.