Thermochemical conversion of biomass involves processes that use heat to convert biomass into other forms. This includes combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis. Gasification converts biomass into a gaseous fuel called producer gas through a series of chemical reactions at high temperatures. It has advantages like efficiency and being carbon neutral, but requires precise control and feedstock preparation. Pyrolysis thermally decomposes biomass into solid, liquid, and gaseous products depending on temperature and residence time.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
A short introduction to Gasification process and a brief description on various types of Gasifiers used in industries to obtain fuel and energy through this presentation.
References:-
1. http://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2012/01/types-gasifier/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasification
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkHKXz3VaFg
4. https://www.google.co.in/
Biomass Energy Resourses; Mechanism of green plant
photosynthesis, effiency of conversion, solar energy plantation,
Biogas- Types of Biogas plants, factors affecting production
rates, Pyrolysis, Gasifess Types & Classification of vegetable
oils a a liquid fuel and their properties, esterification process,
formation of Biodiesel, Biodiesel & its properties, suitable species
for Biodiesel formation and its cultivation, byproduct formation
during esterification, Biodiesel economics.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
biogas plant and types of biogas plant consisting of Single stage continuous type,Two stage continuous type,batch type,Fixed Dome type and Floating Drum Type Plants,KVIC Plant
bio crude or bio oil is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.it is a kind tar and normally contains level of oxygen to be considered a pure hydrocarbon.
BIOMASS GASIFICATION,gasification and gasifier.
A slide about biomass gasification including brief description about thermo-chemical conversion process and applications
biogas plant and types of biogas plant consisting of Single stage continuous type,Two stage continuous type,batch type,Fixed Dome type and Floating Drum Type Plants,KVIC Plant
bio crude or bio oil is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum.it is a kind tar and normally contains level of oxygen to be considered a pure hydrocarbon.
Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Fuel.cenusa brown 5-25-12eXtension Farm Energy
Dr. Robert Brown is a foremost expert and author on biomass conversion processes with the CenUSA project and the Bioeconomy Institute at Iowa State University. In this presentation he focuses on using thermochemical processes for production of liquid biofuels. Discussion of: feedstocks, renewable fuels tegnologies, gasification and pyrolysis, products and by-products, energy efficiency, opportunities and challenges, biochar.
Biomass As A Renewable Energy Source: The case of Converting Municipal Solid...IEEE UKM Student Beanch
The paper describes the importance of biomass as a source of renewable energy. Biomass materials have greatest potential to be processed as feedstocks in bio-energy production or as fuels in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis systems. It discusses various methods of preparing the biomass materials. It identifies various applications and focus areas of research and development in handling, storage of biomass.
Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Downdraft Biomass Gasifier Using Suga...IJSRD
The process by which biomass can be converted to a producer gas by supplying less oxygen than actually required for complete combustion of the fuel is known as gasification. It is a thermo-chemical process and it is performed by a device known as gasifier. For executing the gasification experiments nowadays single throated gasifier uses sugarcane industry waste. In the present study we get to know that sugarcane briquettes are manufactured from residue of sugarcane which is used as a biomass material for the gasification process. Briquettes are formed by extruding the sugar which is extracted from the residue of sugarcane (bagasse) dried in the sun. Equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency are certain grounds for estimating the performance of the biomass gasifier. The experiential results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Fabrication and Performance Analysis of Downdraft Biomass Gasifier Using Suga...IJSRD
The process by which biomass can be converted to a producer gas by supplying less oxygen than actually required for complete combustion of the fuel is known as gasification. It is a thermo-chemical process and it is performed by a device known as gasifier. For executing the gasification experiments nowadays single throated gasifier uses sugarcane industry waste. In the present study we get to know that sugarcane briquettes are manufactured from residue of sugarcane which is used as a biomass material for the gasification process. Briquettes are formed by extruding the sugar which is extracted from the residue of sugarcane (bagasse) dried in the sun. Equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency are certain grounds for estimating the performance of the biomass gasifier. The experiential results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-based materials which are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.
PRESENTATION ON PLANT DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING OF HYDROGENPriyam Jyoti Borah
Steam reforming or steam methane reforming is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is hydrogen production.The reaction is conducted in a reformer vessel where a high pressure mixture of steam and methane are put into contact with a nickel catalyst. Catalysts with high surface-area-to-volume ratio are preferred because of diffusion limitations due to high operating temperature. Examples of catalyst shapes used are spoked wheels, gear wheels, and rings with holes. Additionally, these shapes have a low pressure drop which is advantageous for this application.
This is a report on the design of a plant to produce 20 million standard cubic feet per day (0.555 × 106 standard m3/day) of hydrogen (H2) of at least 95% purity from heavy fuel oil (HFO) with an upstream time of 7680 hours/year applying the process of partial oxidation of the heavy oil feedstock.
The natural greenhouse effect is essential in maintaining the proper temperature for life on Earth. Without it, Earth would be permanently covered with ice.
CO2 is not the only greenhouse gas. Several gases are even stronger infrared absorbers specifically, methane ozone nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
The heat of combustion of methanol is only about 50% of that of a typical gasoline on a mass basis, but methanol has a high octane number 106 compared with 100 for the gasoline hydrocarbon isooctane and about 92 for premium gasoline.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. BIOMASS
Biomass is organic material which has
stored sunlight in the form of chemical
energy.
Biomasses include any organic matter
that is available on a renewable basis. It
is essential to understand that the origin
of the chemical energy in biomasses is
solar power.
Biomass is an important source of
energy and the most important fuel
worldwide after coal, oil and natural
gas.
Biomass continues to account for an
estimated 1/3rd of primary energy use,
while in the poorest counties up to 90%
of all energy is supplied by biomass.
3. CONT…
1) Biomass is composed:
i)Carbohydrate polymers(cellulose and hemicelluloses).
ii)Aromatic polymer(lignin).
2) Cellulose is an organic compound (C6H10O5)n
3) Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell
wall of green plants.
4) Crystalline, strong and resistant to decomposition in presence of heat.
4. Cont…
A hemicelluloses is any of several heteropolymers present
along with cellulose in almost all plant cell walls.
Unlike cellulose, hemicelluloses consists of shorter chains of
glucose molecules per polymer.
Hemicelluloses has a little strength in front of heat.
5. Cont…
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form
important structural materials in the support tissues
of vascular plants.
Lignin are particularly important in the formation of cell
walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend
rigidity and do not rot easily.
Lignin fills the spaces in the cell wall between cellulose and
hemicelluloses.
6.
7. Cont…
Biomass is divided into Wet and Dry biomass.
Biomass is considered carbon neutral, because the amount
of carbon it can release is equivalent to the amount it
absorbed during its life time.
In the present context, Biomass is considered as a fuel
source to partially replace the use of fossil fuels through
conversion processes.
10. THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION
Thermal conversion processes use heat as the dominant mechanism to
convert biomass into another chemical form.
Also known as thermal oil heating, it is a type of heating in which a
liquid phase heat transfer medium is heated and circulated to one or
more heat energy users within a closed loop system.
Thermo chemical processes are most commonly employed for
converting biomass into higher heating value fuels.
Major thermal conversion route include direct combustion to provide
heat, liquid fuel and other elements to generate process heat for
thermal and electricity generation.
12. COMBUSTION
Combustion is defined as the exothermic reaction between fuel and
oxygen to form mainly carbon dioxide and water vapors.
Combustion is the process by which more than 90% of the world’s
primary energy supply is realized in order to provide heat and energy
services.
It is estimated that in the developing world at least one and a half
billion people fulfill their energy needs from wood, either as firewood
or indirectly as charcoal.
Biomass can also be co-combusted with coal in coal-fired plants.
13.
14. GASIFICATION
Gasification process is a process of
conversion of solid fuel into gaseous
fuel for wide applications.
It produces gaseous fuels like
H2,CO,CH4,N2 of low calorific
value.
Biomass Gasification converts
biomass into electricity and
products, such as ethanol, methanol,
fuels, fertilizers, and chemicals.
In this operation feedstock is heated
to high temperatures, producing
gases which can undergo chemical
reactions to form a synthesis gas.
15. CONT…
Biomass is heated with no oxygen or only about one-third oxygen n
for efficient combustion, it gasifies to a mixture of carbon monoxide
and hydrogen—synthesis gas or syngas that has an energy content of
5 to 20 MJ/Nm3 (depending on the type of biomass and whether
gasification is conducted with air, oxygen or through indirect
heating).
This energy content is roughly 10 to 45% of the heating value of
natural.
This whole process completed at elevated temperature range of 800–
1300 ◦C with series of chemical reaction that is why it come under
thermo chemical conversion.
16. GASIFICATION PROCESS
During gasification, the material is heated to a high
temp,Which causes a series of physical and chemical
changes that result in evolution of volatile products and solid
residues.
The amount of volatile products and their compositions
depend on:
i) The reactor temp.
ii) Type of fuel material.
iii) Characteristics of fuel material.
17. CONT…
Gasification is made up for five discrete thermal processes:
i) Drying: The fuel wood pellets are heated and dried at the top of the
gasifier unit. Moisture contained in the wood pellets is removed in
this region to a level below 20%.
ii)Pyrolysis: The dried wood pellets enter the second zone called the
“Pyrolysis” zone. In this process gaseous products from
devolatilization are partially burnt with the existing air.
iii)Combustion: In the combustion zone the outputs from the above
zone, react with the remaining char in the absence of oxygen at a
temperature of around 800-900 °C.
iv) Cracking: In this zone Tar is breakdown into H2,CO and
flammable gases by exposure to high temp.
v) Reduction: In this region the hot gases formed in the above process
is converted in to “Producer Gas” by the endothermic reactions
18.
19. REACTIONS INVOLVED IN GASIFICATION
Combustion zone
C + O2 CO2 + 393 MJ/kg mole
2H2 + O2 2H2O - 242 MJ/kg mole
Reaction zone
C + CO2 2CO2 - 164.9 MJ/kg mole
C + H2O CO + H2 - 122.6 MJ/kg mole
CO + H2O CO + H2 +42 MJ/kg mole
C + 2H2 CH4 + 75 MJ/kg mole
22. Factors Influencing Gasification Process
Bed temperature.
Bed pressure.
Bed height.
Moisture content of feed material.
Particle size.
Air/steam ratio.
Presence of catalysts.
23. Classification of biomass Gasifiers
Design of gasifier depends upon type of fuel used, air
introduction in the fuel column and type of combustion bed. Two
types:
Fixed Bed Gasifiers a) Up-draught Gasifier
b) Down-draught Gasifier
c) Cross-draught Gasifier
Fluidized Bed Gasifiers a) Circulating Fluidized
b) Bubbling Bed
24. FIXED BED GASIFIERS
The fixed bed type gasifier simply consisting of cylindrical reactor in
which solid biomass fuel gasifying and produced gas move either
upward or downward.
These types of gasifier are simple in construction and generally
operate with high carbon conversion, long solid residence time; low
gas velocity and low ash carry over.
Several type of fixed bed gasifiers were operating worldwide and
further these can be classified according to the way in which primary
air to gasify the biomass enters into the gasifier.
25. UPDRAFT GASIFIER
As the name indicates, air is introduced at the bottom
and biomass at top of the reactor.
A metallic grate is provided at the bottom of the reactor
which supports the reaction bed.
Complete combustion of char takes place at the bottom
of the bed, liberating CO2 and H2O.
These hot gases (∼1000 ◦C) pass through the bed
above, where they are reduced to H2 and CO and
cooled to 750 ◦C.
Continuing up the reactor, the reducing gases (H2 and
CO) pyrolyze the descending dry biomass and finally
dry the incoming wet biomass, leaving the reactor at a
low temperature (∼500 ◦C).
The gas is drawn at upper side.
26. DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER
In a downdraft gasifier, feedstock is introduced at the
top and the gasifying agent is introduced through a set
of nozzles located on the sides of the reactor.
Reaction zones in a downdraft gasifier are similar to
those in the updraft unit, except the locations of the
oxidation and reduction zones are interchanged.
The most important difference is that the pyrolysis
products in the downdraft type are allowed to pass
through the high temperature oxidation zone. Hence,
they undergo further decomposition.
Also, the moisture vaporized from the biomass enters
the gasification zone and serves as a gasifying agent.
The final product gases, which leave the gasifier from
the bottom at a fairly high temperature
(700oC), contain substantially less tar than the updraft
gasifiers.
27.
28. Cross-draft gasifiers
Cross-draft gasifiers exhibit many operating characteristics of the
down draft units.
Air or air/steam mixtures are introduced in the side of the gasifier
near the bottom while the product gas is drawn off on the opposite
side.
Normally an inlet nozzle is used to bring the air into the center of
the combustion zone .
The velocity of the air as it enters the combustion zone is
considerably higher in this design, which creates a hot
combustion zone.
The combustion (oxidation) and reduction zones are both
concentrated to a small volume around the sides of the unit.
Cross-draft gasifiers respond rapidly to load changes.
They are normally simpler to construct and more suitable for
running engines than the other types of fixed bed gasifiers.
However, they are sensitive to changes in biomass composition
and moisture content.
29. Fluidized bed gasifier
Fluidized bed (FB) gasification has been used extensively for coal gasification from
many years, its advantage over fixed bed gasifiers being the uniform temperature
distribution achieved in the gasification zone.
In this type of gasifier, air is blown through a bed of solid particles at a sufficient
velocity to keep these in a state of suspension.
The bed is externally heated and the feedstock is introduced as soon as a sufficiently
high temperature is reached.
The fuel particles are introduced at the bottom of the reactor, very quickly mixed
with the bed material and almost instantaneously heated up to the bed temperature.
As a result of this treatment relatively large amount of gaseous materials produced.
Further gasification and tar-conversion reactions occur in the gas phase.
Ash particles are also carried over the top of the reactor .
31. ADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATION
Provides Sustainable & Affordable alternative to fossil fuel based
power plants at low power levels. This technology can assure
'Continuous power supply' even at 'Peak load conditions'.
Efficiency of the system is very high when compared to other
Renewable energy systems such as Wind and Solar.
Gasification is Eco-Friendly as it is "CO2 Neutral", generates very
little SO2 & Nitrogen Oxides compared to conventional fossil fuel
based power plants.
It is a cost effective solution as it combines 'Low Unit Capital Cost'
with 'Low Unit Cost of Production'. Cost of installation per kWe is
about the same as for large power levels.
Economic, Social and Environmental benefits associated with Biomass
make it as an attractive renewable energy option.
32. DISADVANTAGES OF GSIFICATION
Gasification is a complex and sensitive process.
Gasifiers require at least half an hour or more to start the process.
Getting the producer gas is not difficult, but obtaining in the proper
state is the challenging task. The physical and chemical properties of
producer gas such as energy content, gas composition and impurities
vary time to time.
Some amount of tar is released in the gas.
All the gasifiers have fairly strict requirements for fuel size, moisture
and ash content. Inadequate fuel preparation is an important cause of
technical problems with gasifiers.
33. PYROLYSIS
Pyrolysis is the process which converts biomass directly into solid
(charcoal), liquid (bio oil), and gaseous (fuel gas) products by thermal
decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen.
The relative amounts of the three co-products depend on the operating
temperature and the residence time used in the process.
Pyrolytic oil may be used directly as a liquid fuel for boiler, diesel
engine, gas turbine for heat and electricity generation, or catalytically
upgraded to transport grade fuels.
In all thermo-chemical conversion processes, pyrolysis plays a key
role in the reaction kinetics .
35. Conclusion
Biomass conversion technology has huge potential to fulfill the rural
energy requirement.
Available of 365 day in a year, better other renewable energy sources
like solar, wind, small hydro power, etc. that depends on climatic
conditions.
It has good agricultural applications such as electricity and steam
generation in the sugar cane industry.
Resolve the high cost generation and transmission of power in
remote/rural areas in the country.
Offer sustainable energy solution.
Editor's Notes
a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.