This document provides an overview of energy topics including: - Definitions of key energy terms like joules, watts, kinetic energy, and potential energy. - Explanations of conversion factors between different energy units. - Descriptions of different types of energy like mechanical, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy. - Summaries of important laws like Newton's laws of motion, laws of thermodynamics, and the law of conservation of energy. - Examples of dimensional analysis and energy conservation equations. - An outline of exam questions covering these energy concepts.

1. ENERGY TECHNOLGY
UNIT 1- ENERGY

2. UNIT-1 Energy
 Introduction to energy
 Global energy scene
 Indian energy scene
 Units of energy
 Conversion factors
 General classification of energy
 Energy crisis
 Energy alternatives.

3. UNITS Of ENERGY
 1950, Several system of measurement
can be followed different countries
 In 1960, IS introduced. All forms of
energy measured in terms of same unit
Joule (J)
 Energy science and technology involves
several physical quantities
 Each quantity has certain basic
dimensions in terms of length (L), mass
(M) and time (T).
 Each dimension can be measured of
certain units.

5. Mechanical energy
 Mechanical work is related with
macro-scopic quantities,
 Work is force into displacement in the
direction of force. (W=F x L cosø )
 Work has same unit if energy Joules
(J)
 Heat is the thermal energy, it is
measured by Calories, It is another
forms of energy ( 1 cal = 4.16 Joules)

6. Mechanical energy
 Mass and energy are correlated by
Einstein's equation (E=mc2)
 1 J=1 W.s=1 N.m
 1kWh=3.6MJ
 1 kWh=860kcal
 1 kgm=9.81J

7. Energy
 Energy essential property to perform a
work
 More energy, more work perform
 Kinetic energy
 Potential energy
 Energy in matter at rest (E=mc2)

8. Kinetic energy
 The energy in the body by the action
of motion is called K.E
 Kinetic energy =1/2( mv2) Unit J
 m= mass in kg
 v= velocity m/s

9. Potential energy
 The energy in the body by the position
of object in the gravitational field is
called Gravitational potential energy
 Potential energy= mgh unit J
 m= mass in kg
 g= acceleration due to gravity m/s2
 h= Height above reference level m

10. Power
 Power is the time rate of work done by
the force
 Power=Work/Time ( W/J)
 1 joule=1 Watt Sec= 1 Newton meter
Joule is relatively small unit with
multiples and prefixing for expressing
large measurement.

11. Energy in matter at rest
 The energy in the body rest alone is
called rest energy
 The matter energy is in addition to the
kinetic energy and potential energy
enjoined with the matter
 In normal situation is not matter but
nuclear fission reaction, the matter
energy is released

12. Rotational energy
 Rotational energy calculations are
necessary with hydro energy, wind
energy, mechanical to electrical
energy conversion in turbine
generators, energy storage by
flywheel
 Here displacement is along circular
path (Radians or degree)

13. Electrical energy
 Electric current is the flow of charged
particles due potential difference.
 Electrical potential (V)
 Electric current (A)
 Electrical power (W)
 Electrical energy (J)
 Electric energy is in the form of
electric current flowing electrical
circuits and machines.

14. Electrical quantities
 Units of electrical energy and
mechanical energy are same (J)
 1 j=1 W.s
 Electric current I amperes A
 Electric current is rate of flow of
charge (Q/t)
 1 ampere current is equal to flow of 1
coulomb charge in 1 second (C=A.s)

15. Electric energy
 By definition electric potential is work
per unit electric charge
 When the charge Q moved through
the potential difference V, then we get
certain electrical work ( W=QV)
 Electric power is the time rate of floe
of electric energy
 Power = Energy/Time (Watt)

16. Chemical energy
 Chemical energy in substance is in the
form of bond energy caused micro-
forces between atoms, molecules in
the form of bond
 Types of fuel
 Heat of combustion of the fuel
 Quantity of fuel
 Energy utility factor

17. Thermal energy
 SI unit of thermal energy is J
 Heat : The energy required the
substance transformation
 Enthalpy: A measure of energy
content in the system per unit mass
 Entropy: A measure of energy content
in the system to perform work when
the system under going change

18. Conversion factors
 Energy cannot be newly created
 Energy cannot be destroyed
 In closed system the total mass and
energy remains unchanged
 The law does not differ useful and
wasted energy and also neglected
losses

19. Generalized equation for
conservation
 The total energy in a closed system is
the algebraic sum of component
energies
 We need to aware following aspects
for calculations
 Law of conservation of energy
 Generalized energy equation
 Particular energy equation

21. First law of thermodynamics
 Energy exits many forms ( Electrical
energy, thermal energy, mechanical
energy, chemical energy)
 In a energy conversion process one
from of energy is transformation to
another
 Energy cannot be created newly,
energy cannot be destroyed
 In closed system, total energy remains
unchanged

22. Second law of
thermodynamics
 The second law of thermodynamics
states that form of energy possesses
certain quality.
 The quality of various forms of energy
differs.
 In an energy conversation process,
some energy is converted into useful
and worthless

23. Newton’s law
 First law of motion: Body at rest
continues to be rest unless a force acts on it.
Body in motion continues to be motion at
constant velocity unless a force acts on it.
 Second law of motion: Net force acting
on a body is proportional to the product of
mass and acceleration of a body
 F=m x a ( Mass x Acceleration) N
 Third law of motion: For every action there
is an equal and opposite reaction

24. Newton’s Law
 Third law of motion: For every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction

25. Dimensional equations
 A quantity can be represented by a
dimensional equation without
reference to units
 Dimensions of force f are derived as
follows
 F=mass x acceleration
◦ = mass x (change in velocity/time)
◦ [F]=[M] [L]/[T2]
◦

27. Energy conservation
equations
 The energy conservation process is
represented by a link in the energy
chain.
 Each term has same dimensions
 Physical law are represented in the
form of equation
 Two or more energies are formed in
link
Chemical Thermal
Mechanical

28. Energy conservation
equations
 Energy equation of physical quantity
should have dimensional balance in
terms of index
 Energy equation should necessary
follow basic laws of energy
conservation
 Every branch of science has certain
energy and power equation.

35. Part A question
1. State the difference between units and
derived units. Give example
2. State SI units for energy, temperature,
power and pressure.
3. State difference kW and kWhr
4. State Newton's law and
thermodynamics law
5. State expression K.E and P.E
6. Derive the dimensional equations of
energy and power
7. State Enthalpy, Entropy and
Temperature

36. Part B
 Explain briefly conservation of energy
with suitable example
 Explain briefly types of energy with
suitable example
 Write energy conservation equation,
thermodynamic law and Newton’s law