Biochemical reactions involve the transformation of one molecule into another inside cells, mediated by enzymes. Oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species, oxidizing some and reducing others. Hydrolysis is the interaction of chemicals with water that decomposes both substances, such as the breakdown of salts, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Condensation reactions combine two molecules into one larger molecule with the loss of a small molecule like water. Neutralization reactions involve acids and bases reacting to form water and a salt by combining H+ and OH- ions.

1. Biochemical reactions
• A biochemical reaction is the transformation of one molecule to a
different molecule inside a cell. Biochemical reactions are mediated
by enzymes, which are biological catalysts that can alter the rate and
specificity of chemical reactions inside cells.

2. oxidation reduction reactions
• Oxidation–reduction reactions, commonly known as redox reactions,
are reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one species
to another. The species that loses electrons is said to be oxidized,
while the species that gains electrons is said to be reduced.

3. Some examples of common redox reactions
are shown below.

6. hydrolysis
• Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of the interaction of chemicals with
water, leading to the decomposition of both the substance and
water. Reactions of hydrolysis are possible with salts, carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, etc

7. • Hydrolysis involving organic compounds may be illustrated by the
reaction of water with an ester of a carboxylic acid; all such esters
have the general formula RCO―OR′, in which R and R′ are combining
groups (for example, if R and R′ both represent the methyl group, CH3,
the ester is methyl acetate). The hydrolysis involves several steps, of
which the slowest is the formation of a covalent bond between
the oxygen atom of the water molecule and the carbon atom of the
ester. In succeeding steps, which are very rapid, the carbon–
oxygen bond of the ester breaks and hydrogen ions become detached
from the original water molecule and attached to
the nascent alcohol molecule. The whole reaction is represented by
the equation

9. Condensation reaction
• a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which
two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with
the loss of a small molecule such as water. If water is lost, the
reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other
molecules can also be lost, such as ammonia, ethanol, acetic
acid and hydrogen sulphide.

11. Neutralization reaction
• A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form
water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions
to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and strong base
has a pH equal to 7