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- 1. UNIT 3-NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOALRENERGY APPLICATIONS
- 2. UNIT III NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY •Solar energy, solar thermal systems, flat plate collectors, focusing collectors, solar water heating, solar cooling, solar distillation, solar refrigeration, solar dryers, solar pond, solar thermal power generation, solar energy application in India, energy plantations • Wind energy, types of windmills, types of wind rotors, Darrieus rotor and Gravian rotor, wind electric power generation, wind power in India, economics of wind farm • ocean wave energy conversion, ocean thermal energy conversion, tidal energy conversion, geothermal energy.
- 3. SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS •Energy from sun can be categorized in two ways: in the form of heat and light. • We use the solar energy every day in many different ways. • Plants make their food in the presence of sunlight. • Animals and humans get food from plants. • Fossil fuels are actually solar energy stored millions and millions of years ago. • There is variety of products that uses solar energy. • These products are called solar devices (or appliances) or solar thermal collectors.
- 4. SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS •Solar water heating • Solar cooling • Solar distillation • Solar refrigeration • Solar dryers • Solar pond • Solar thermal power generation • Solar energy application in India • Energy plantations
- 5. Solar water heating •A solar water heating unit comprises a blackened flat plate metal collector with an associated metal tubing facing the general direction of the sun. • The plate collector has a transparent glass cover above and a layer of thermal insulation under it. • The metal tubing of the collector is connected by a pipe to an insulated tank that stores hot water during cloudy days.
- 6. Solar water heating •The collector absorbs solar radiations and transfers the heat to the water circulating through the tubing either by gravity or by a pump. • This hot water is supplied to the storage tank via the associated metal tubing. • This system of water heating is commonly used in hotels, guest houses, tourist bungalows, hospitals, canteens as well as domestic and industrial units.
- 7. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS • Athermal panel (solar collector) installed on the roof • A tank to store hot water • Accessories, such as a circulating pump to carry the solar energy from the collector to the tank, and a thermal regulator. (i) Natural circulation (thermo-syphon) system (ii) Forced circulation system
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- 10. Solar cooling • Today,the increase of requirements for indoor cooling thermal comfort for human inside residential buildings, by the use of low-grade heat sources such as solar energy and industrial waste heat • It is reduces the energy consumption of air conditioning processes as compare the conventional vapor compression system. • All above reasons make the solar cooling that has been received much more attention as innovative, promising, efficient, and environmentally friendly cooling system as compare other system.
- 11. Classification • Solar coolingsystems can be classified into two main categories according to the energy used to drive them: • Solar thermal cooling systems and solar electric cooling systems. • In solar thermal cooling systems, the cooling process is driven by solar collectors collecting solar energy and converting it into thermal energy, and uses this energy to drive thermal cooling systems • whereas in solar electric cooling systems, electrical energy that is provided by solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is used to drive a conventional electric vapor compressor air-conditioning system.
- 12. SOLAR ELECTRIC COOLINGSYSTEMS.
- 13. Thermoelectric cooling systems (ThePeltier cooling system)
- 14. Solar distillation • Solardistillation is the use of solar energy to evaporate water and collect its condensate within the same closed system. • Unlike other forms of water purification it can turn salt or brackish water into fresh drinking water (i.e. desalination).
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- 17. Solar Refrigeration • Refrigeratorwhich runs on electricity provided by solar energy is known as solar refrigeration. • Solar-powered refrigerators may be most commonly used in the future generation. • Developing the world to help mitigate poverty and climate change.
- 18. Types of Refrigeration •Refrigeration systems is broadly classified into two types: • Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR) • (uses mechanical energy). • Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) • (uses thermal energy).
- 19. Vapour Compression Refrigeration: •Highly compressed fluids tend to get colder when allowed to expand. • If pressure high enough, • Compressed air hotter than source of cooling • Expanded gas cooler than desired cold temperature
- 21. Need of solarrefrigeration • Need refrigeration in areas not connected to power grid • Need to minimize environmental impact and fuel cost • Evaluate potential of solar energy to meet these needs
- 22. Types of solarrefrigeration: • Photovoltaic Operated Refrigeration Cycle • Solar Mechanical Refrigeration • Absorption Refrigeration
- 27. Application of solarrefrigeration: • Solar energy should be given a chance if we want to protect the environment. • Refrigerators • Freezers • Ice-makers • Coolers • Building air-cooling systems
- 28. Solar dryers • Oneof the traditional uses of solar energy has been for drying of agricultural products. • The drying process removes moisture and helps in preservation of the product. • Traditionally drying is done on open ground. • The disadvantages associated with the traditional system of drying are slow process, uncontrolled drying, quality deterioration, and losses due to birds, rodents and insects. Drying under solar cabinet or convective dryers can be done faster and in a controlled condition.
- 29. Direct type solardryer/ cabinet dryer:
- 30. Indirect type ofsolar dryer/Convective dryer:
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- 32. Solar thermal powergeneration
- 33. Solar energy applicationin India • India has tremendous scope of generating solar energy. • The geographical location of the country stands to its benefit for generating solar energy. The reason being India is receives solar radiation almost throughout the year, which amounts to 3,000 hours of sunshine. • Almost all parts of India receive 4-7 kWh of solar radiation per sqm. • States like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, and West Bengal have great potential for tapping solar energy due to their location.
- 34. Solar energy applicationin India • Thar Desert has some of India’s best solar power projects, estimated to generate 700 to 2,100 GW. • On March 1st, 2014, the then Chief Minister of Gujarat, inaugurated at Diken in Neemuch district of Madhya Pradesh, India’s biggest solar power plant. • The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) launched by the Centre is targeting 20,000 MW of solar energy power by 2022 • Gujarat’s pioneering solar power policy aims at 1,000 MW of solar energy generation. • In July 2009, a $19 billion solar power plan was unveiled which projected to produce 20 GW of solar power by 2020.
- 35. Solar energy applicationin India • About 66 MW is installed for various applications in the rural area, amounting to be used in solar lanterns, street lighting systems and solar water pumps, etc. • India is slowly gaining its prominence in the generation of solar power due to the comprehensive and ambitious state and the Centre’s solar policies and projects and National Solar Mission. • Solar power in India is a fast developing industry. The country's solar installed capacity was 35,122 MW as of 30 June 2020. India has the lowest capital cost per MW globally of installing solar power plants
- 36. Solar energy applicationin India • In 2014 budget, Finance Minister declared that the Government has proposed an amount of 500 crore rupees to develop some mega solar power plants in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, and Ladakh. • He also said that solar power-driven agricultural water pumping stations and 1 MW solar parks on canal banks will be developed in the country at an estimated cost of $74 million and $18.5 million, respectively. Considering all these facts, we do have a bright picture in front of us as India’s potential to be a solar power driven country of the world.
- 38. Energy plantations • Energyplantation is the practice of planting trees, purely for their use as fuel. • Biomass i.e., the wood plants has been used since long time to generate fire for cooking and other purposes. • In recent years, to meet the demand of energy, plantation of energy plants has been re- emphasized. It is well known fact that trees have been intensively cut in Gangetic plains and coastal belts, leaving the area totally denude.
- 39. Part A -Questions •Write requirement of solar water heating. • What are advantages of solar cooling methods as compare conventional cooling methods. • List out the solar distillation disadvantages. • What are components used in solar refrigeration? • What do you mean solar dryer? • What are basic requirement need to construct solar bond?
- 40. Part A -Questions •Write components used to solar thermal power generation system. • Write few possible advantages for solar energy application in India. • Define energy plantations.
- 41. Part B-Questions • Solarwater heating • Solar cooling • Solar distillation • Solar refrigeration • Solar dryers • Solar pond • Solar thermal power generation • Solar energy application in India • Energy plantations