Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that decomposes organic materials into bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. It encompasses slow and fast pyrolysis methods, with the latter producing a higher yield of bio-oil in a shorter time. This technology offers environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and waste, although it faces challenges related to market development for its products.

3. Pyrolysis
 Pyrolysis is a thermo chemical decomposition
of organic material in to liquid, gases and
char(solid residue)at elevated temperature in
the absence of oxygen(or any halogen).

4. WHAT IS PYROLYSIS?
 Pyrolysis does not involve reactions with oxygen,
water, or any other reagents.
 In practice, it is not possible to achieve a completely
oxygen-free atmosphere.
 Because some oxygen is present in any pyrolysis
system, a small amount of oxidation occurs.

5. What Is Pyrolysis?

6. What Is Pyrolysis?

7. Products Of Pyrolysis
Bio Oil
Bio Char
Syn Gas

8. Materials used??
 Biomass ;- is an organic material produced
directly from plants & animals or indirectly
from industrial,commercial,domestic or
agricultural products.
 Agricultural waste :- crop & vegetabl residuals(rice
husk, straw)
 livestock :- butchery waste, bone material, dead
animals.
 forestry :- forest residue, processing waste,sawdust.
 Fishery :- processing waste, fishbone meal,dead fish.
 Industrial & house hold organic residuals :- sewage
sludge, waste food etc.

9. Types of pyrolysis
1. Slow pyrolysis
2. Fast pyrolysis
 Dry Pyrolysis
 Oxydizing Pyrolysis

10. Slow pyrolysis
 Slow biomass heating rates→low
temperatures→lengthy gas and solids
residence times.
 Temperature :- around 500˚C.
 Main product :- bio-char.

11. Fast pyrolysis
 Yield 60% bio-oil.
 Takes only seconds to complete the pyrolyses.
 Very high heating and heat transfer rates,which
require a finely ground feed.
 Residence time of pyrolysis vapours in the
reactor less than 1 sec.
 Quenching (rapid cooling) of the pyrolysis
vapours to give the bio-oil product.
 Calorific value :- 3500kcal.

13. Dry Pyrolysis
 Process of thermal decomposition without
access of oxygen (O₂)
 Product of dry pyrolysis are gas with high
heat of combustion, liquid and solid carbon
residue.
 Type of dry pyrolysis depend on the
temperature of the process

14. Oxidizing Pyrolysis
 It’s impossible to achieve a completely
oxygen-free atmosphere.
 Thus, a small amount of oxidation occurs.
If volatile or semi-volatile materials are
present in the waste, thermal desorption
will also occur.

15.  Thermal decomposition of industrial waste
by its partial burning or direct contact with
end product of fuel combustion
 This method is used for neutralization of
most wastes including “inconvenient” ones
for burning

17. Rice Husk
 The outermost layer of the paddy grain is the
rice husk, also called rice hull.
 Still often considered as a waste product in
the rice mill & therefore often either burned
in the open or dumped on wasteland.
 Rice husk has high calorific value and often
can be used as a renewable fuel.

18. Process of Rice Husk
Pyrolysis

19. Process
 moisture free rice husk sample was taken in
to a perforated holder and was introduced in
to the tube furnace.
 The furnace was made air tight & heated
electrically.
 Reactor temperature was recorded using a
digital thermometer.
 Pyrolyses were performed under
vaccum.(710-720mm Hg).

20.  A centrifugal pump was set to create & maintain
the vaccum inside the pyrolyser.
 Temperature of pyrolyser was varied within 400-
650°C.
 The mixture of liquid & gas was allowed to come
out through vaccum line & set at one side of the
pyrolyser.
 The fluid from the pyrolyser was condensed in a
series of ice cooled condenser & bio-oil was
obtained.

21.  Uncondensed gas was blown off.
 The solid bio-char was collected from the
pyrolyser as residue at the end of each batch
of pyrolysis.

22. Advantages of pyrolysis
 Simple.
 Low cost technology.
 Capable of processing a wide variety of
feedstock's producing gases,biooil,
biochemical & charcoal.
 Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and
waste going to landfill .

23.  Produces a marketable product
(electricity).
 Low risk of water pollution .
 Low risk of odours .
 High recovery rate of resources .
 Minimal risk of health consequences .
 Commercially proven technology.

24. Disadvantages
 Technology is still evolving.
 Market are yet to be developed for char
product and pyrolysis liquid.

25. Bio-oil (Pyrolysis Oil)
 dark brown liquid
 has a similar composition to biomass.
 much higher density than woody materials
which reduces storage and transport costs.
 Boilers
 Furnaces
 Hot Water Generators
 Hot Air Generators
 Thermic Fluid Heater
 Electric Generators (mixed with 50% diesel)
 Diesel Pumps(mixed with 50% diesel)

26.  Biochar
 The growing concerns about climate change have
brought biochar into limelight. Combustion and
decomposition of woody biomass and agricultural
residues results in the emission of a large amount of
carbon dioxide.Biochar can store this CO2 in the soil
leading to reduction in GHGs emission and
enhancement of soil fertility.
 can increase the available nutrients for plant growth,
water retention and reduce the amount of fertilizer by
preventing the leaching of nutrients out of the soil.
 reduces methane and nitrous oxide emissions from
soil, thus further reducing GHGs emissions.
 can be utilized in many applications as a replacement
for other biomass energy systems.
 can be used as a soil amendment to increase plant
growth yield.

27.  Syngas
 made up of carbon monoxide, and
hydrogen (85%) with smaller amounts of
carbon dioxide and methane.
 has a high calorific value so it can be used
as a fuel to generate electricity or steam.
 may also be used as a basic chemical in the
petrochemical industry.
 has less than half the energy density of
natural gas.

28. conclusion
 pyrolysis has been attracting much attention
due to its high efficiency and good
environmental performance characteristics.
 It also provides an opportunity for the processing
of agricultural residues,wood wastes and
municipal solid waste into clean energy.
 In addition,biochar sequestration could make a
big difference in the fossil fuel emissions
worldwide and act as a major player in the global
carbonmarket with its robust, clean and simple
production technology.