Biomass estimation

1. ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
BIOMASS ENERGY

2. BIOMASS ENERGY
• Biomass origin - Resources – Biomass
estimation.
• Thermo chemical conversion – Biological
conversion, Chemical conversion
• Hydrolysis & hydrogenation, solvolysis,
biocrude, biodiesel power generation gasifier,
biogas, integrated gasification.

3. Biomass Energy Conversion
• Biomass power is simply carbon neutral
electricity produced from renewable organic
waste products,
• which could have been openly burned, dumped in
landfills or just left in the forest to cause fires.
• Energy from the sun is transferred and stored in
plants in the form of chemical energy.
• When the plants are cut or die, wood chips, straw
and other plant matter is delivered to biogas plant.

4. Biomass Energy Conversion
• When biomass is burnt, it releases energy in
the form of heat.
• The biomass plants burn wood or other forms
of waste to generate steam.
• The energy from the steam is directed via
pipes to run turbines.
• The steam rises up to run turbines that
produce electricity or generate heat for homes
and industries

5. Biomass Energy Conversion
• In most countries, biomass plants have been
built in the countryside to provide electricity
to the local population.
• There are waste-to-energy plants that burn
trash to produce electricity and power millions
of homes.
• Energy can also be used by burning the scrap
wood or wood chips that are left over after
trees have been trimmed.

8. BIOMASS ORIGIN
• Historically, humans have harnessed biomass-
derived energy since the time when people began
burning wood fuel.
• Even in 2019, biomass is the only source of fuel for
domestic use in many developing countries. All
biomass is biologically-produced matter based in
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• The estimated biomass production in the world is
approximately 100 billion metric tons of carbon per
year, about half in the ocean and half on land.

10. BIOMASS
• Biomass is organic matter produced by plants,
both terrestrial, aquatic and their derivatives.
• Biomass can be considered a renewable
energy source because plant life renews &
adds to itself every year.

12. FIELD AND PLANTATION BIOMASS
• Agricultural crop residues- Cobs, stalks, Straw,
Cane thrashes and etc
• Edible matters from crops-Environmentally
spoiled grains, pulses, fruits, nuts, spices,
seeds and lint Etc
• Dedicated energy crops- Bamboo
• Plantation debris-Leaves, barks and trunks
• Livestock wastes from fields.

13. URBAN WASTE BIOMASS
• Municipal solid wastes
• Sewage sludge
• Kitchen and canteen wastes

14. INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS
• Agro-industrial processed biomass and their
wastes – Husk
• Oil cake
• Sugar molasses
• Hides and skin wastes
• Fruit and pulp debris Saw dust
• Wood pulp and paper shavings
• Fermented microbial mass etc

15. 4. FOREST BIOMASS
• Log residues
• Timber
• Forest floor debris
• Animal carcass
5. AQUATIC BIOMASS
• Sea weeds (E.g. Kelp)
• Fresh water weeds (E.g. Water Hyacinth)
• Dead fishes
• Microalgae blooms

17. Biomass estimation
ALLOMETRY AND ALLOMETRIC EQUATION
• If one organ is correlated to another of a plant, or a
certain attribute is to plant size, we can call it
Allometry.
• Which is frequently expressed with a power
relationship below
y= ax b
where y often represents an attribute of plant (such
as metabolic rate, biomass, etc.), x shows the size of
the plant body (such as diameter at shoulder height),
and a and b are coefficients

18. Allometric equation
• In botany, the allometric relationship is able to
be used to calculate biomass and other
ecological factors by measuring the easily
measured diameter at shoulder height.
• Theoretically, tree D (diameter) and H (height)
can both affect tree biomass.
• Thus, tree biomass can be estimated by
allometric equation, which includes both D and
H
W= aHbDc

19. Procedure of estimating multi-scale
forest biomass

20. Current methods of estimating forest biomass
• Biomass estimate at individual level
• Biomass estimate at stand level
 Mixed stand: simple allometric equation
 Pure stand: diameter-distribution model
• Large-scale biomass estimate
 Mean biomass density method
 Geostatistics in biomass estimation
 National forest inventory and biomass expansion
factor
 Remote sensing technique and its application in
biomass estimation

21. Part A -Questions
• What do you mean biomass energy?
• What are resources available?
• List out the types of biomass energy.
• What are the methods to estimate biomass
energy?
• Draw diagram of estimating forest biomass
energy.
• Any one types of methods

22. Part B-Questions
• Explain following with suitable example
1. Biomass resources
2. Biomass estimation methods