This document discusses the characteristics of sewage, which are classified as physical, chemical, and biological. Physically, sewage varies in color, odor, temperature, turbidity, and solids content. Chemically, important parameters include pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand. Biologically, sewage contains various microorganisms including bacteria that facilitate decomposition, and which can be pathogenic. Understanding sewage characteristics is essential for efficiently designing sewage treatment systems.
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
Lecture notes of Environmental Engineering-II as per Solapur university syllabus of TE CIVIL.
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K Orchid college of Engg and Technology,
Solapur
WATER & WASTE WATER ENGINEERING - water treatment process & unitsEddy Ankit Gangani
This presentation is made with a view to introduce various units & processes carried out in water treatment plant with various trains or say chains of units to meet Indian Standard criteria.
This is a power point presentation on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water,various treatment units, design results and a layout of sewage treatment plant.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading report of this project.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
04 Reclamation and Reuse of waste waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University. Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates. Thank you :)
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
WATER & WASTE WATER ENGINEERING - water treatment process & unitsEddy Ankit Gangani
This presentation is made with a view to introduce various units & processes carried out in water treatment plant with various trains or say chains of units to meet Indian Standard criteria.
This is a power point presentation on design of a 30 MLD sewage treatment plant. It includes the different characteristics of waste water,various treatment units, design results and a layout of sewage treatment plant.
Visit my slide share channel for downloading report of this project.
This presentation includes the basic introduction to sewage/ wastewater, quantity estimation, the basic terms commonly used in the sewerage system, Types of sewer, sewage, and sewerage system.
04 Reclamation and Reuse of waste waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University. Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates. Thank you :)
First presentation of my whole life, That's i want to share with you people. I think this presentation (SECONDARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT) may fulfill your requirement.
Actually when my teacher told me about our assignment I was felling nervous because I've never done this type of thing. when she asked one of my classmate to upload his PPT in class common email-ID, then I felt very bad !!!! not on their success but because I COULDN'T. At that time i promised to myself and with the co-ordination of my group member MR. AYUSH GOVIL, MISS. VERSHA DABAS, MISS KRITI SINGHAL and myself RISHAW KUMAR (TIWARI). And finally i got not only me, we winzzzzz.
thanx to,
Dr. TANNU ALLEN (our prof.)
and special thanx to my group member and my classmate. and you guys also.
This presentation is made for S.Y.Bsc. Students.
The presentation includes Wastewater microbiology. The presentation includes information about sources as well as methods of wastewater treatment.
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
Classification and characteristics of sewage and industrial effluents slideshareAshish sahu
Wastewater
There are two broad categories of waste water on the basis of their origin. They includes sewage and industrial effluent.
Sewage is waste water generated from residential areas like community whereas industrial effluent is waste water generated from various industries.
Domestic sewage and industrial effluent differ in their composition and nature of pollutant. For example, microorganisms and organic matter are main pollutant in sewage whereas various toxic chemicals are main pollutants in industrial effluent.
I. Industrial effluent:
Waste water generated from various industries is called industrial effluent.
In general various toxic chemicals alike acid, alkali, coloring agents etc are main pollutants. Microorganisms and organic matters are usually lower in industrial effluent.
Actual composition and characteristics of industrial effluent depends on type of industry and nature of raw materials of industry.
Pollutants in industries are generated during processing of raw materials and manufacturing of products.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Sewage consists of various residential, public
and industrial mixtures of wastewater, which
contain organic and inorganic materials in
dissolved or suspended or colloidal form as
well as various microorganisms useful and
harmful to human life.
• We need the characteristics and examination of
sewage before designing any sewage treatment
system to work efficiently.
3. Characteristics OF SEWAGE /
Waste water
• The Characteristics of sewage arc classified as
follows:
1. Physical characteristics
2. Chemical characteristics and
3. Biological characteristics
5. A . Color :
Color is due to the suspended and other
matters found in wastewater.
If sewage is fresh it has a soap solution
color i.e grey-brown and decomposed sewage
has dark grey color.
B. Odour:
Fresh sewage is of soapy or oily
odour but stale sewage has offensive odour
due to H2S, CH4
6. • C. Temperature:
Generally sewage has slightly
higher temperature than the water which
increases the biological activities. 40 degree C.
D . Turbidity :
It is very turbid than water due
to the presence of high suspended and other
7. E. Solids : 350-1200 mg/L
• Though sewerage typically contains lower than
zero to 0.5 % solids, the remainder being
water, still the nuisance caused by the solids
cannot be unnoted, as these solids are
extremely degradable and so want correct
disposal.
• The sewerage solids could also be classified
into dissolved solids, suspended solids and
volatile suspended solids.
8. • Data of the volatile or organic fraction of solid,
that decomposes, becomes necessary, as this
constitutes the load on biological treatment units
or resources of a stream once sewerage is
disposed off by dilution.
• The estimation of suspended solids, each organic
and inorganic, provides a general image of the
load on deposit and grit removal system
throughout sewerage treatment. Dissolved
inorganic fraction is to be thought-about once
sewerage is employed for land irrigation or the
other utilize is planned.
9. 2. Chemical Characteristics
• Sewage contains complex compounds derived
from urine, faces, inorganic chemicals etc.
• a. pH
• b. DO (Dissolved Oxygen)
• c. BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
• d. COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
10. • a. pH
• The hydrogen ion concentration expressed as
pH scale, could be a valuable parameter within
the operation of biological units.
• The pH scale of the contemporary sewerage is
slightly quite the water provided to the
community. However, decomposition of
organic matter might lower the pH scale,
whereas the presence of business waste
material might manufacture extreme
fluctuations typically the pH scale of raw
sewerage is within the vary 5 to 8.0.
11. • DO (Dissolved Oxygen):
It is the amount of oxygen dissolved in waste water.
Presence it indicates the sewage is fresh or oxidation
has been occurred after treatment. It is necessary to
ensure at least 4 ppm of DO in stream in which treated
wastewater is disposed otherwise fish are likely to be
killed.
• BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)
BOD is defined as the amount of oxygen required for
the bacteria to oxidize the organic matter present in the
sewage.
BOD – 80 mg/L
12. • COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)
• It is defined as the amount of oxygen required
for chemical oxidation of organic matters
readily oxidizable carbonaceous and other
matter.
• COD – 150 mg/L
13.
14. 3. Biological characteristics
• Domestic sewage consists of various types of
plant or animal microorganism and the biological
characteristic of sewage is related to the presence
of these microorganisms.
• This microorganism whose presence is 22 — 25
millions numbers in a liter of sewage may be
pathogenic, indicator organisms etc. The main
source of pathogenic microorganism is excreta
from sick people and these organisms require
living tissues to grow and reproduce and harmful
to man.
15. The microorganism can be broadly
classified into:
• (a) Aquatic plants
• (b) Aquatic animals
• (c) Aquatic mold (fungi), bacteria and virus.
16. • Aquatic Plants consists of waterweeds algae
etc.
• Aquatic animals consist of fish, snails,
amphibians insects, earth Worms, hydra etc.
• Aquatic mold (fungi), bacteria and virus are
also aquatic plant but categorized separately.
These are responsible for disease.
17. • The bacterium which needs free oxygen to
survive is called aerobic bacteria and which
survives without free oxygen is called
anaerobic bacteria and which survives in
presence or absence of free oxygen is called
facultative bacteria.
• The decomposition of sewage is possible due
to these bacteria.
18. • Email ID :
• ramkumawat001@gmail.com
THANKS!