Chapter1
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•3,035 views
This document outlines different paradigms of social research, including positivism, interpretive approaches, and complexity theory. Positivism uses scientific methods like experiments and surveys to test hypotheses and identify causal relationships. Interpretive approaches like ethnography aim to understand social phenomena through context-specific interpretation. Mixed methods combine quantitative and qualitative techniques. The document also discusses post-positivism, post-structuralism, and complexity theory as newer paradigms.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Grounded theory methodology of qualitative data analysis
Grounded theory methodology is a qualitative research method that aims to generate or discover a theory grounded in data from the field. It is an iterative process where the analyst becomes more grounded in the data and develops richer concepts and models. There are two major schools of grounded theory - the Glaserian school emphasizes emerging theory from neutral questions, while the Straussian school structures questions and coding more rigorously. Key aspects of grounded theory include theoretical sampling, validating findings through quotations, and achieving reliability through techniques like triangulation and audit trails.
Hermeneutical Analysis
Hermeneutics is a method of textual analysis that focuses on interpreting qualitative data, especially texts, to aid human understanding. It involves understanding parts of a text in relation to the whole by iterating between interpretations. Key concepts in hermeneutics include historicity, the hermeneutic circle, prejudice, and the distanciation of texts from their authors over time. Hermeneutics is useful for ordering, explaining, and interpreting interviews, documents, and field notes in qualitative research to develop a deeper understanding.
Formulating a research problem
The document discusses what constitutes a research problem and how to formulate one. A research problem is defined as any question an researcher aims to answer or assumption they want to challenge. However, not all questions can be research problems - it takes considerable knowledge and effort to develop a meaningful research problem. The key steps to formulating a research problem are to identify a broad topic of interest, narrow it down to a specific sub-area, develop research questions within that area, and define clear objectives to address the research questions. Properly formulating the research problem is crucial as it determines all subsequent research design choices.
Philosophy of science
Philosophy and science are deeply interconnected. History of science without philosophy is blind, and philosophy without history is empty. Science involves systematic knowledge gained through the scientific method, while philosophy studies the most general features of the world and how we think about it. The aims, methods, and theories of science have been influenced by philosophical movements and ideas over centuries.
Feminist Methodology and Contemporary Feminist Research in India
Feminist research deals with theories about oppression, power relations, and inequality. It challenges traditional assumptions in research and knowledge creation. Feminist methodology combines both traditional and contemporary research methods and can utilize both qualitative and quantitative data. Contemporary feminist research in India is characterized by conscious partiality where researchers identify with respondents, action research that seeks social change, and valuing diversity and differences among women. The goal of feminist research is empowerment, overcoming inequity, and representing marginalized voices.
Philosophy of Research By Zewde Alemayehu Tilahun
This document outlines Zewde Alemayehu's presentation on research philosophy and conceptual frameworks to students at Arba Minch University. It discusses key aspects of research philosophy, including that it involves a set of beliefs about how knowledge is developed and the nature of that knowledge. It also describes different philosophies or paradigms that can guide research, such as positivism, which focuses on objectively measuring empirical data, and phenomenology, which aims to understand meanings and contexts. The document emphasizes that researchers must determine their own philosophy to best match their topic and approach.
Normative theory
Normative theory deals with evaluating what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable in society. Most sociologists believe sociology should be value-free and avoid explicit value judgements. Normative statements make claims about how things should be rather than descriptive claims about what is. In philosophy, normative ethics examines moral principles and virtues to determine right action and good character. The major normative ethical theories are utilitarianism, Kantianism, ethical intuitionism, and virtue ethics.
Research philosophy
This document discusses research philosophy and different philosophical schools of thought. It covers ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Ontology examines the nature of reality, whether social phenomena are objective or subjective. Epistemology studies the nature and sources of knowledge. Axiology assesses the role of values in research. Rationalism and empiricism are discussed as different views on the origins of knowledge. Positivism, realism, interpretivism, and pragmatism are presented as four common research philosophies. Positivism adheres to an objective, detached approach focused on facts and quantification.
Recommended
Grounded theory methodology of qualitative data analysis
Grounded theory methodology is a qualitative research method that aims to generate or discover a theory grounded in data from the field. It is an iterative process where the analyst becomes more grounded in the data and develops richer concepts and models. There are two major schools of grounded theory - the Glaserian school emphasizes emerging theory from neutral questions, while the Straussian school structures questions and coding more rigorously. Key aspects of grounded theory include theoretical sampling, validating findings through quotations, and achieving reliability through techniques like triangulation and audit trails.
Hermeneutical Analysis
Hermeneutics is a method of textual analysis that focuses on interpreting qualitative data, especially texts, to aid human understanding. It involves understanding parts of a text in relation to the whole by iterating between interpretations. Key concepts in hermeneutics include historicity, the hermeneutic circle, prejudice, and the distanciation of texts from their authors over time. Hermeneutics is useful for ordering, explaining, and interpreting interviews, documents, and field notes in qualitative research to develop a deeper understanding.
Formulating a research problem
The document discusses what constitutes a research problem and how to formulate one. A research problem is defined as any question an researcher aims to answer or assumption they want to challenge. However, not all questions can be research problems - it takes considerable knowledge and effort to develop a meaningful research problem. The key steps to formulating a research problem are to identify a broad topic of interest, narrow it down to a specific sub-area, develop research questions within that area, and define clear objectives to address the research questions. Properly formulating the research problem is crucial as it determines all subsequent research design choices.
Philosophy of science
Philosophy and science are deeply interconnected. History of science without philosophy is blind, and philosophy without history is empty. Science involves systematic knowledge gained through the scientific method, while philosophy studies the most general features of the world and how we think about it. The aims, methods, and theories of science have been influenced by philosophical movements and ideas over centuries.
Feminist Methodology and Contemporary Feminist Research in India
Feminist research deals with theories about oppression, power relations, and inequality. It challenges traditional assumptions in research and knowledge creation. Feminist methodology combines both traditional and contemporary research methods and can utilize both qualitative and quantitative data. Contemporary feminist research in India is characterized by conscious partiality where researchers identify with respondents, action research that seeks social change, and valuing diversity and differences among women. The goal of feminist research is empowerment, overcoming inequity, and representing marginalized voices.
Philosophy of Research By Zewde Alemayehu Tilahun
This document outlines Zewde Alemayehu's presentation on research philosophy and conceptual frameworks to students at Arba Minch University. It discusses key aspects of research philosophy, including that it involves a set of beliefs about how knowledge is developed and the nature of that knowledge. It also describes different philosophies or paradigms that can guide research, such as positivism, which focuses on objectively measuring empirical data, and phenomenology, which aims to understand meanings and contexts. The document emphasizes that researchers must determine their own philosophy to best match their topic and approach.
Normative theory
Normative theory deals with evaluating what is right and wrong, desirable or undesirable in society. Most sociologists believe sociology should be value-free and avoid explicit value judgements. Normative statements make claims about how things should be rather than descriptive claims about what is. In philosophy, normative ethics examines moral principles and virtues to determine right action and good character. The major normative ethical theories are utilitarianism, Kantianism, ethical intuitionism, and virtue ethics.
Research philosophy
This document discusses research philosophy and different philosophical schools of thought. It covers ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Ontology examines the nature of reality, whether social phenomena are objective or subjective. Epistemology studies the nature and sources of knowledge. Axiology assesses the role of values in research. Rationalism and empiricism are discussed as different views on the origins of knowledge. Positivism, realism, interpretivism, and pragmatism are presented as four common research philosophies. Positivism adheres to an objective, detached approach focused on facts and quantification.
Logical positivism and Post-positivism
Logical Positivism held that the only meaningful knowledge is scientific knowledge that can be empirically verified. It rejected metaphysics and theology. Post-Positivism recognizes the limitations of Positivism in assuming objective truth and the fallibility of observation. Post-Positivism believes that while reality exists independently, our knowledge of it is imperfect and constructed based on fallible perceptions. The goal of science is to get closer to the truth about reality through revisable theories rather than uncover absolute truth.
Unit 2. The logic of scientific discovery
This document discusses approaches to distinguishing science from pseudoscience, including logical positivism and critical rationalism. Logical positivism held that sense experience and positive verification are the only ways to obtain authentic knowledge, while critical rationalism proposed falsifiability as the demarcation criterion. Specifically, a theory is scientific if it is logically consistent and falsifiable without ad hoc adjustments. For example, observing a single black swan would falsify the conjecture that all swans are white. While an improvement, Popper noted that confirmation is still not a valid criterion for demarcation, as theories shape what is observed.
1 Year PhD Presentation
At Aalborg University PhD students are required to give a 1 Year progress report. A professor (different from supervisor) acts as opponent. A discussion about the project usually follows with other professors and students. In my case there were 15 people and I obtained critical feedback for my project. I welcome any idea.
Elements of moral jugdement
Moral judgments are evaluations or opinions formed as to whether some action or inaction, intention, motive, character trait, or a person as a whole is (more or less) Good or Bad as measured against some standard of Good. This presentation gives elements of moral judgement
Case Study in Qualitative Research
Definitions of case study, categories of case study, types of case study and advantages or disadvantages of case study
Sociology of Knowledge
Sociology of knowledge is a sub-discipline of sociology that deals with how social structures and social organization influence the production of knowledge. It examines social structures like relationships among social groups and individuals, as well as social organizations like institutions, politics, media, and public sphere. Sociology of knowledge takes both modernist and post-modernist approaches. Modernism focuses on differences between knowledge and non-knowledge societies, how knowledge is produced, and thinkers like Marx and Weber. Post-modernism examines pragmatic applications of knowledge, limitations due to interests and language, knowledge as cognitive, instrumental and expressive, and thinkers like Dilthey, Mannheim, Habermas and Adorno. Weber analyzed differences between societies that have knowledge
Ethics my own effort
The document discusses ethical guidelines for researchers based on the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. It outlines the ASA's five general principles of professional competence, integrity, professional and scientific responsibility, respect for people's rights and diversity, and social responsibility. It also discusses general ethical issues researchers must consider, such as avoiding harm, obtaining informed consent, respecting privacy, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ethical reporting. The document provides examples of techniques to avoid harm like debriefing and case studies of plagiarism issues in Pakistani universities.
Analytic philosophy finl ppt
This document summarizes the key philosophers of analytic philosophy, including Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gilbert Ryle, and Richard Rorty. It discusses their views on logic, language, and analysis. Frege wanted to put logic at the heart of philosophy. Russell combined Frege's logic with empiricism. Wittgenstein studied under Russell and influenced logical positivism with his early focus on language picturing the world and later understanding it as a game. Ryle and other mid-20th century philosophers thought traditional problems could be dissolved by language analysis. Rorty later used analytic methods to deconstruct its assumptions.
Queer identity
This document provides an overview of queer identity and queer theory. It defines queer as referring to anything that opposes normalcy or dominance. Queer theory emerged from fields like women's and gender studies and critiques fixed categorizations of gender and sexuality. The document discusses how queer theory challenges notions of straight as normal and explores how new media and the internet have provided new contexts for exploring queer identities beyond the gender binary. It also notes how platforms like Facebook still rely on discrete categories of gender and sexuality that can feel restrictive.
Chapter 1 philosophy of science
The document discusses different philosophies of science as they relate to nursing. It describes analytic philosophy which focuses on logic and finding a single truth through the scientific method. Continental philosophy examines lived experiences and connections between ideas. Nursing incorporates aspects of both in examining concepts, theories, and how to best understand and care for patients. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding different philosophies and constantly questioning assumptions to evolve as a nurse.
Realism
This document discusses different philosophies of realism and their implications for education. It addresses:
1) The different forms realism has taken throughout history including scholastic, humanistic, social, and sense realism.
2) The aims, curriculum, teaching methods, role of the teacher, and school organization associated with a realist philosophy of education. This includes an emphasis on studying the material world, science, and practical knowledge.
3) The key aspects of realist education are understanding reality through inquiry, a problem-centered and practical curriculum, and teaching methods focused on observation, experimentation, and mastery of facts. Schools should also reflect the real needs of society.
History and Philosophy of Science
This document discusses the definitions and purposes of history, philosophy, and science. It provides:
- History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. Philosophy comes from the Greek word for "love of wisdom" and investigates the most general questions about existence, knowledge, values, and meaning.
- Science is a disciplined attempt to find out what exists, how things work, why they work that way, what could exist, how things could work if they did exist, what cannot exist and why. It progresses from craft to establishing theories through representation, ontology, and techniques for modeling.
- The boundaries between craft, science and engineering are blurred. Philosophy of science is concerned with
Postmodernism v.3
Postmodernism rejects notions of absolute truth and objective reality. It emphasizes the role of language, power structures, and social constructs in shaping ideas. Key postmodern thinkers like Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, and Deleuze criticized modernist views of objectivity and progress, and analyzed how knowledge and institutions are tied to systems of power and control. Postmodernism focuses on ambiguity, fragmentation, and local perspectives over universal narratives and theories.
Epistemology of positivism and post positivism
This document provides an overview of epistemological foundations from rationalism to positivism and beyond. It discusses rationalist approaches from Descartes that sought to deduce knowledge from reason and certainty. It then examines empiricist views from Locke that knowledge comes from sensory experience. Positivism developed as an epistemology where genuine knowledge is based on observable evidence through science. However, later post-positivist thinkers like Popper, Quine, and Kuhn challenged positivism by arguing theories cannot be fully verified and scientific paradigms change for complex non-rational reasons.
Qualitative Research Methods
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods in information sciences and technologies. It discusses the differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, noting that while traditionally seen as incompatible, they are actually complementary. Qualitative methods are increasingly used in fields like information systems and human-computer interaction due to the complex social and human factors involved. The document outlines some key aspects of quantitative and qualitative research approaches.
Forte geertz symbols rituals and faith based behavior nov 8 14 ppt
Clifford Geertz's symbolic anthropology approach views religion as a cultural system embodied through symbols and expressed through rituals. It provides an interpretive framework for understanding the meanings, motivations, and worldviews derived from religious symbols and rituals by members of a faith group. Key concepts include sacred symbols, rituals, ethos/dispositions, and the use of religion to address problems of meaning and restore order in the face of chaos. Social workers can apply this approach by interpreting clients' religious symbols and rituals to better understand their perspectives and how their faith provides meaning.
Popper
This document discusses the philosophy of Karl Popper and his contributions to epistemology. It outlines Popper's rejection of inductivism and verificationism, and his proposal of falsificationism as a criterion for scientific theories. Popper argued that a theory is scientific if it can be falsified, not verified, by empirical tests. The document also reviews criticisms of Popper's views from thinkers like Kuhn, Feyerabend and others.
Grounded Theory
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
The chicago school te
The Chicago School was a major early influence in urban sociology based at the University of Chicago in the interwar years. Key figures included Albion Small, William Thomas, Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Louis Wirth. They studied urban communities and neighborhoods using methods like ethnography and spatial analysis. They developed important concepts like urban ecology and the concentric zone model to understand how cities develop spatially and socially. The Chicago School helped establish urban sociology as a distinct field and influenced many later theorists.
Queer theory
Queer theory examines non-normative expressions of gender and sexuality. It rejects the idea that identities fit into fixed categories like male/female or gay/straight. Key theorists include Judith Butler, who argued that gender and other identities are fluid and performed rather than expressing an inner essence. Queer theory looks at ambiguity and fluidity in representations, describing spaces outside of binary categories as "queer spaces." It also defines "queer texts" as those dealing with queer themes or allowing queer readings that identify subtext.
Introduction to Research Methods in Education
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It discusses why understanding research methods is important for interdisciplinary researchers and outlines different types of research such as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. It also discusses how to experimentally measure learning, including within and between subjects designs. The document provides examples of how to design studies to obtain desired results and addresses important statistical concepts like independent and dependent variables. It raises considerations for survey design and cautions about assumptions of parametric statistics.
An Introduction to Research Methods in Education
This document provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods. It discusses the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research, including their scientific methods, research objectives, focus, nature of study, form of data collected, data analysis, and results. Specific qualitative methods like ethnography, case study, and historical research are described. Key quantitative methods such as experimental, quasi-experimental, survey, and correlational research are also outlined. Examples and purposes of each method are provided. The document concludes with a table comparing the main characteristics of qualitative and quantitative approaches.
More Related Content
What's hot
Logical positivism and Post-positivism
Logical Positivism held that the only meaningful knowledge is scientific knowledge that can be empirically verified. It rejected metaphysics and theology. Post-Positivism recognizes the limitations of Positivism in assuming objective truth and the fallibility of observation. Post-Positivism believes that while reality exists independently, our knowledge of it is imperfect and constructed based on fallible perceptions. The goal of science is to get closer to the truth about reality through revisable theories rather than uncover absolute truth.
Unit 2. The logic of scientific discovery
This document discusses approaches to distinguishing science from pseudoscience, including logical positivism and critical rationalism. Logical positivism held that sense experience and positive verification are the only ways to obtain authentic knowledge, while critical rationalism proposed falsifiability as the demarcation criterion. Specifically, a theory is scientific if it is logically consistent and falsifiable without ad hoc adjustments. For example, observing a single black swan would falsify the conjecture that all swans are white. While an improvement, Popper noted that confirmation is still not a valid criterion for demarcation, as theories shape what is observed.
1 Year PhD Presentation
At Aalborg University PhD students are required to give a 1 Year progress report. A professor (different from supervisor) acts as opponent. A discussion about the project usually follows with other professors and students. In my case there were 15 people and I obtained critical feedback for my project. I welcome any idea.
Elements of moral jugdement
Moral judgments are evaluations or opinions formed as to whether some action or inaction, intention, motive, character trait, or a person as a whole is (more or less) Good or Bad as measured against some standard of Good. This presentation gives elements of moral judgement
Case Study in Qualitative Research
Definitions of case study, categories of case study, types of case study and advantages or disadvantages of case study
Sociology of Knowledge
Sociology of knowledge is a sub-discipline of sociology that deals with how social structures and social organization influence the production of knowledge. It examines social structures like relationships among social groups and individuals, as well as social organizations like institutions, politics, media, and public sphere. Sociology of knowledge takes both modernist and post-modernist approaches. Modernism focuses on differences between knowledge and non-knowledge societies, how knowledge is produced, and thinkers like Marx and Weber. Post-modernism examines pragmatic applications of knowledge, limitations due to interests and language, knowledge as cognitive, instrumental and expressive, and thinkers like Dilthey, Mannheim, Habermas and Adorno. Weber analyzed differences between societies that have knowledge
Ethics my own effort
The document discusses ethical guidelines for researchers based on the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. It outlines the ASA's five general principles of professional competence, integrity, professional and scientific responsibility, respect for people's rights and diversity, and social responsibility. It also discusses general ethical issues researchers must consider, such as avoiding harm, obtaining informed consent, respecting privacy, avoiding conflicts of interest, and ethical reporting. The document provides examples of techniques to avoid harm like debriefing and case studies of plagiarism issues in Pakistani universities.
Analytic philosophy finl ppt
This document summarizes the key philosophers of analytic philosophy, including Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gilbert Ryle, and Richard Rorty. It discusses their views on logic, language, and analysis. Frege wanted to put logic at the heart of philosophy. Russell combined Frege's logic with empiricism. Wittgenstein studied under Russell and influenced logical positivism with his early focus on language picturing the world and later understanding it as a game. Ryle and other mid-20th century philosophers thought traditional problems could be dissolved by language analysis. Rorty later used analytic methods to deconstruct its assumptions.
Queer identity
This document provides an overview of queer identity and queer theory. It defines queer as referring to anything that opposes normalcy or dominance. Queer theory emerged from fields like women's and gender studies and critiques fixed categorizations of gender and sexuality. The document discusses how queer theory challenges notions of straight as normal and explores how new media and the internet have provided new contexts for exploring queer identities beyond the gender binary. It also notes how platforms like Facebook still rely on discrete categories of gender and sexuality that can feel restrictive.
Chapter 1 philosophy of science
The document discusses different philosophies of science as they relate to nursing. It describes analytic philosophy which focuses on logic and finding a single truth through the scientific method. Continental philosophy examines lived experiences and connections between ideas. Nursing incorporates aspects of both in examining concepts, theories, and how to best understand and care for patients. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding different philosophies and constantly questioning assumptions to evolve as a nurse.
Realism
This document discusses different philosophies of realism and their implications for education. It addresses:
1) The different forms realism has taken throughout history including scholastic, humanistic, social, and sense realism.
2) The aims, curriculum, teaching methods, role of the teacher, and school organization associated with a realist philosophy of education. This includes an emphasis on studying the material world, science, and practical knowledge.
3) The key aspects of realist education are understanding reality through inquiry, a problem-centered and practical curriculum, and teaching methods focused on observation, experimentation, and mastery of facts. Schools should also reflect the real needs of society.
History and Philosophy of Science
This document discusses the definitions and purposes of history, philosophy, and science. It provides:
- History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. Philosophy comes from the Greek word for "love of wisdom" and investigates the most general questions about existence, knowledge, values, and meaning.
- Science is a disciplined attempt to find out what exists, how things work, why they work that way, what could exist, how things could work if they did exist, what cannot exist and why. It progresses from craft to establishing theories through representation, ontology, and techniques for modeling.
- The boundaries between craft, science and engineering are blurred. Philosophy of science is concerned with
Postmodernism v.3
Postmodernism rejects notions of absolute truth and objective reality. It emphasizes the role of language, power structures, and social constructs in shaping ideas. Key postmodern thinkers like Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, and Deleuze criticized modernist views of objectivity and progress, and analyzed how knowledge and institutions are tied to systems of power and control. Postmodernism focuses on ambiguity, fragmentation, and local perspectives over universal narratives and theories.
Epistemology of positivism and post positivism
This document provides an overview of epistemological foundations from rationalism to positivism and beyond. It discusses rationalist approaches from Descartes that sought to deduce knowledge from reason and certainty. It then examines empiricist views from Locke that knowledge comes from sensory experience. Positivism developed as an epistemology where genuine knowledge is based on observable evidence through science. However, later post-positivist thinkers like Popper, Quine, and Kuhn challenged positivism by arguing theories cannot be fully verified and scientific paradigms change for complex non-rational reasons.
Qualitative Research Methods
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods in information sciences and technologies. It discusses the differences between quantitative and qualitative methods, noting that while traditionally seen as incompatible, they are actually complementary. Qualitative methods are increasingly used in fields like information systems and human-computer interaction due to the complex social and human factors involved. The document outlines some key aspects of quantitative and qualitative research approaches.
Forte geertz symbols rituals and faith based behavior nov 8 14 ppt
Clifford Geertz's symbolic anthropology approach views religion as a cultural system embodied through symbols and expressed through rituals. It provides an interpretive framework for understanding the meanings, motivations, and worldviews derived from religious symbols and rituals by members of a faith group. Key concepts include sacred symbols, rituals, ethos/dispositions, and the use of religion to address problems of meaning and restore order in the face of chaos. Social workers can apply this approach by interpreting clients' religious symbols and rituals to better understand their perspectives and how their faith provides meaning.
Popper
This document discusses the philosophy of Karl Popper and his contributions to epistemology. It outlines Popper's rejection of inductivism and verificationism, and his proposal of falsificationism as a criterion for scientific theories. Popper argued that a theory is scientific if it can be falsified, not verified, by empirical tests. The document also reviews criticisms of Popper's views from thinkers like Kuhn, Feyerabend and others.
Grounded Theory
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
The chicago school te
The Chicago School was a major early influence in urban sociology based at the University of Chicago in the interwar years. Key figures included Albion Small, William Thomas, Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, and Louis Wirth. They studied urban communities and neighborhoods using methods like ethnography and spatial analysis. They developed important concepts like urban ecology and the concentric zone model to understand how cities develop spatially and socially. The Chicago School helped establish urban sociology as a distinct field and influenced many later theorists.
Queer theory
Queer theory examines non-normative expressions of gender and sexuality. It rejects the idea that identities fit into fixed categories like male/female or gay/straight. Key theorists include Judith Butler, who argued that gender and other identities are fluid and performed rather than expressing an inner essence. Queer theory looks at ambiguity and fluidity in representations, describing spaces outside of binary categories as "queer spaces." It also defines "queer texts" as those dealing with queer themes or allowing queer readings that identify subtext.
What's hot (20)
Forte geertz symbols rituals and faith based behavior nov 8 14 ppt
Forte geertz symbols rituals and faith based behavior nov 8 14 ppt
Viewers also liked
Introduction to Research Methods in Education
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It discusses why understanding research methods is important for interdisciplinary researchers and outlines different types of research such as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. It also discusses how to experimentally measure learning, including within and between subjects designs. The document provides examples of how to design studies to obtain desired results and addresses important statistical concepts like independent and dependent variables. It raises considerations for survey design and cautions about assumptions of parametric statistics.
An Introduction to Research Methods in Education
This document provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative research approaches and methods. It discusses the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research, including their scientific methods, research objectives, focus, nature of study, form of data collected, data analysis, and results. Specific qualitative methods like ethnography, case study, and historical research are described. Key quantitative methods such as experimental, quasi-experimental, survey, and correlational research are also outlined. Examples and purposes of each method are provided. The document concludes with a table comparing the main characteristics of qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Methodology2
This document discusses different methodological approaches to research including positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory. It outlines some key aspects of each approach. Positivism views social science as analogous to natural science, seeking to uncover immutable laws through objective observation. Interpretivism focuses on understanding people's meanings and intentions through interviews. Critical theory examines power relations and structural inequalities, with the aim of freeing people from oppression. Choosing a methodology depends on the research problem, theoretical stance, and expertise of the researcher. Cultural approaches view truth and knowledge as problematic and examine language, representation, and discourse.
F soc usic lecture five
This document provides an overview of key topics from a sociology lecture, including:
1. A review of positivism and interpretivism as approaches to social research, and their differing views on applying scientific methods.
2. An introduction to feminist perspectives and theories, highlighting their focus on examining gender relations and the role of women from a female point of view.
3. Descriptions of three core feminist theories - liberal feminism and its focus on discrimination; Marxist feminism and social class inequality; and radical feminism and patriarchy as the system oppressing women.
The document concludes with a summary of the sociological viewpoints discussed and an assignment for students to further read about theories and perspectives
Nature Of Scientific Inquiry
The document discusses the scientific method and nature of scientific inquiry. It outlines the key steps of the scientific method which include making observations, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experiments, and analyzing the results. It also discusses developing a question, forming predictions, using a control, collecting quantitative data, and repeating experiments. The document notes that science uses a logical problem solving approach and hypotheses must be testable rather than opinions or beliefs. It discusses the meaning of scientific theories and limits of science.
Research in edu group 1
This document discusses different research paradigms and methodologies. It begins by outlining the nature of inquiry, including problem identification, various research approaches, and conceptions of social reality. It then summarizes positivism and different qualitative paradigms like phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and symbolic interactionism. Critical theory and feminist research are also briefly introduced. Key differences between research and evaluation are highlighted. The relationships between research, politics, and policy-making are noted. Finally, methods are defined as tools for research while methodology guides research practices and principles.
Culture2
The document introduces positivism and interpretivism as two approaches in sociological theory. Positivists believe that society controls individuals and should be studied scientifically using large samples, while interpretivists believe individuals control society and should be studied using small samples and in-depth interviews focusing on social action. The document provides examples of how each approach might differ in explaining socialization and criminal behavior.
RMD100Q Chapter1 Cohen AK revised
This document discusses key concepts related to research paradigms. It begins by outlining the lesson objectives of understanding the three dominant research paradigms, distinguishing between positivism and interpretivism, and differentiating inductive and deductive reasoning. It then defines positivism as relying on strict scientific methods to obtain knowledge and interpretivism as valuing subjective meanings and contexts. The document contrasts features of the positivist versus interpretivist paradigms and discusses mixed methods approaches. It also defines deductive and inductive reasoning, as well as the concepts of research methods, methodology, and design.
Theoretical issues
Not all of this is my own work, but I'm terribly sorry I can;t remember where I found it to credit the author.
Research an overview: A Tutorial PowerPoint Presentation by Ramesh Adhikari
This document provides an overview of research and outlines the key steps in the research process. It defines research as a systematic, objective investigation to develop new knowledge or test existing theories. The main types of research discussed are applied, basic, action, exploratory, evaluative, and descriptive research. The document then details the major steps in conducting research, including developing a problem statement and purpose, reviewing relevant literature, establishing variables and hypotheses, determining measurement and methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting conclusions and recommendations.
Interpretivist
Interpretivists believe that the world is socially constructed and objective analysis is impossible. They study people in their natural environments to understand rather than explain attitudes over actions through qualitative analysis.
Donald Davidson and Daniel Dennett are two prominent interpretivist theorists. Davidson studies how humans communicate and interact through radical interpretation. Dennett proposes three stances - design, physical, and intentional - for predicting the behavior of a chess-playing computer by viewing it as if it had beliefs and desires.
Interpretivists conduct literature reviews to understand how others have approached problems, to situate their own research in prior qualitative work, and to identify defining elements and contributing factors considered by other researchers.
Nature of Inquiry and Research
Research is a systematic process of solving problems or finding answers to inquiries through making observations and using existing knowledge. It aims to improve quality of life by discovering new ideas and advancing the researcher's expertise. Research involves looking again for something through organized methods to gain relevant experiences that deepen knowledge and skills in the area being investigated.
Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem
Here are the elements of the research title identified:
Aim: To determine/identify/explore
Topic: The specific variables, phenomena, or topics being studied
Place: The location where the research will be conducted
Period: The time frame of the study
Population: The people, samples, or sources of data for the study
Chapter 2-OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROCESS
The document provides an overview of the research process. It discusses that the research process involves systematic and organized steps to provide direction for the researcher. It involves identifying, locating, assessing, analyzing and developing ideas. The document also discusses primary and secondary sources, with primary sources being original works and secondary sources being studies by other researchers describing and analyzing primary sources. Finally, the document outlines the main steps in the research process as defining the topic, writing a thesis, developing an outline, developing a search strategy, evaluating sources, taking notes, writing and revising the paper, and documenting sources.
Educational Research
This document provides an overview of educational research including its purpose to help develop better ways of thinking about education by providing evidence to determine which opinions are more correct. It discusses different forms of educational research such as surveys, experiments, case studies, and ethnographies. The document also includes examples of exercises to rate statements based on research evidence and determine relationships between variables in research questions.
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
this presentaion is for MA edcuation level and can fruitful for exploring educatioanl research its need concept and types by purpose
Educatonal Research Methodology Framework
This document outlines the key phases and components of an educational research methodology framework, including developing a research question, perspective, design, methods of analysis, and conclusions. It discusses developing a research question and plan, choosing a research perspective like positivism or interpretivism, potential research designs that are quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods, data collection and analysis techniques, and interpreting findings and conclusions. The goal is to help researchers understand all aspects of the research process from developing questions to analyzing and discussing results.
Introduction to Educational Research
Why study educational research? Introductory ideas for school personnel in developing action reserach.
Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research
Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding social phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them and by observing people in natural settings. They aim to describe contexts in rich detail and see issues from the perspectives of research participants. Quantitative researchers aim to measure concepts accurately, determine causation between variables, and generalize patterns from samples to populations using statistical techniques. Both approaches have strengths and limitations depending on the type of research question being asked.
Research Method.ppt
The document discusses research methods and definitions. It defines research as a systematic process of inquiry to discover facts or theories. Research methodology involves defining the problem, objectives, literature review, methodology, subjects, design, data collection, analysis and bibliography. Methods of data collection discussed include questionnaires, interviews and observations. Questionnaires can be closed-ended, open-ended, use scales or checklists. Interviews allow more in-depth information but take more time.
Viewers also liked (20)
Research an overview: A Tutorial PowerPoint Presentation by Ramesh Adhikari
Research an overview: A Tutorial PowerPoint Presentation by Ramesh Adhikari
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
Educational research need concept and types by purpose
Similar to Chapter1
Chapter2
This document outlines different critical paradigms for social research including critical theory, participatory research, feminist research, post-colonial theory, and queer theory. It discusses key concepts for each approach such as equality, power, emancipation, understanding oppression, and interrogating existing social situations. The document also summarizes different research methods associated with these critical paradigms like participatory action research, critical ethnography, and ideology critique.
Rhetoric on Positivism and Interpretivism
The document contrasts the perspectives of positivism and interpretivism in the study of social science. Positivists believe that reliable knowledge comes from empirical observation of natural phenomena and seek objective facts, while interpretivists believe reality is socially constructed and focus on understanding behavior from the actor's perspective. Some key differences discussed are that positivists take a macro, top-down view examining society as a whole using quantitative methods, whereas interpretivists take a micro, bottom-up view analyzing individuals qualitatively.
Metopen
The document outlines three main approaches to social research: positivist, interpretivist, and critical. It provides comparisons of the key assumptions and methods of each approach. The positivist approach views reality as objective and seeks to discover universal laws through quantitative methods. The interpretivist approach sees reality as subjective and aims to understand how people construct meaning through qualitative research. The critical approach seeks to critique and transform social relations by uncovering hidden truths through analytical methods like discourse analysis.
Research Paradigms
This document discusses research paradigms and the logic of research. It defines key concepts like paradigm, ontology, epistemology and methodology. It outlines three main research paradigms - positivism, post-positivism, and critical theory - and how they differ in their basic beliefs and positions on practical research issues. The document also examines different logics of inquiry like induction, deduction, retroduction, and abduction; and how researchers can take a combined approach using elements of multiple strategies.
Mechanistic philosophy and theology
Presentation of the Seminar: "Mechanistic philosophy and theology: from conflict to integration?". Prof. Michał Oleksowicz. Pamplona, 27 de abril de 2022.
Michał Oleksowicz es sacerdote de la diócesis de Torun en Polonia. En la actualidad es profesor asistente en la Facultad de Teología (Departamento de Filosofía Cristiana) de la Universidad Nicolas Copérnico de Torun. Es miembro del consejo de redacción de la revista “Scientia et Fides”, miembro de “Religious Freedom Laboratory” (Pro Futuro Theologiae Foundation) y vicerrector del Seminario Diocesano de Torun. Sus principales intereses académicos son: filosofía y teología de la ciencia, nueva filosofía mecánica, causación, explicación científica y diálogo ciencia-religión.
Abstract: The concept of mechanism in the last five decades is once again at the centre of the philosophical debate about science within the new mechanical philosophy (NMP). Keeping focus on the recent development of the NMP, we tackle the fact that the NMP is a novel revision of modern antecedents. We point out the intertwined metaphysical and epistemological aspects of causal explanations within NMP. After that we interpret NMP in the framework of its realist commitments, arguing that explanatory reductionism, as employed by mechanists, does not necessarily lead to positions completely hostile for theology-science dialogue.
Frankfurt school
The Frankfurt School was an intellectual group that developed critical theory at the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, Germany in the 1920s. It emphasized critiquing and changing society to eliminate oppression and inequality. Key figures included Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, and Jurgen Habermas. Critical theory rejects the idea of objective knowledge in social sciences and argues that theory should promote social change. It differs from traditional theory in being subjective, change-oriented, and emphasizing norms over empirical facts. Critical theory makes major contributions to international relations by critiquing power structures and promoting cosmopolitan ideals of justice, equality, and human rights globally.
Research 101: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
This document discusses qualitative and quantitative research methods. It outlines four main paradigms in social sciences: functionalism, interpretivism, radical structuralism, and radical humanism. These paradigms differ in their ontological and epistemological assumptions. Qualitative research analyzes reality through subjective perspectives using methods like interviews, while quantitative research analyzes reality objectively through standardized data collection tools. Both approaches have benefits and limitations. The document provides an example comparing how qualitative and quantitative methods may study personality dimensions.
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
This document provides an overview of mass communication theory, including its evolution, key concepts, categories, and paradigms. It discusses the meaning and definitions of theory, elements of theory, categories of mass communication theory including post-positivism, hermeneutic theory, critical theory, and normative theory. It also covers paradigms in mass communication theory and the four eras of media theory: the era of mass society and mass culture; a scientific perspective leading to limited effects; competing cultural perspectives challenging limited effects; and the emergence of meaning-making perspectives.
The Conduct of Inquiry in IR
The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: The
Philosophy of Science and its Implications for the Study of
World Politics
Complexity and Autonomy of Social Science
This document discusses complexity and autonomy in social science. It outlines classical and complexity-oriented scientific inquiry approaches and questions how complexity can be applied to studying social realities. It notes that social sciences involve both detached observation and participation/thought experiments. The document also discusses nonlinear dynamics, emergence in complex systems, and how new knowledge involves uncertainty. It questions whether social scientists are detached observers or engaged participants and thought experimenters seeking social reconstruction.
Neuro Correlative
This paper proposes a cross-cultural framework for studying the evolution of premodern religious and philosophical systems by examining the development of "correlative thought" across civilizations. The paper argues that correlative thinking, involving layered hierarchies and correspondences between different aspects of reality, evolved in parallel ways in traditions like China, India, the Middle East, Europe, and Mesoamerica. It combines neurobiological evidence with an analysis of how correlative systems grew more complex over time through repetitive exegesis within stratified textual traditions. The model aims to provide insights into broader patterns of ideological change using computer simulations.
Garner c2
The document provides a brief history of qualitative research, tracing its origins and developments from the late 19th century onward. Some of the early contributors it mentions include Max Weber, the Chicago School, anthropological field studies, and the Frankfurt Institute. Over time, new approaches emerged such as microsociologies, grounded theory, and ethnomethodology. By the late 20th century, qualitative research had expanded to include feminist and postmodern perspectives as the field continued to evolve.
Lessons for sociology 1
Sociology is the scientific study of society and human social behavior. There are three major sociological perspectives: structural functionalism, which views society as a system with interrelated parts; conflict theory, which focuses on power struggles over scarce resources; and symbolic interactionism, which examines how society shapes individuals and their interactions. Major areas of sociology include social organization, social psychology, social change, human ecology, population studies, sociological theory/research, and applied sociology. Classical sociologists who developed influential theories include Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, and Weber. Culture encompasses the knowledge, social norms, values, beliefs, and other capabilities acquired by members of a society. Key elements that shape culture
Postmodern presentation fmi gms from Piet Brinksma
Postmodernism is characterized by skepticism of objective truth and focus on subjective experiences. It questions traditional systems and values. The document discusses how postmodernism shapes identity and self-reflection, with identity seen as a narrative project and reflection tied to the physical body. Postmodern thinking emphasizes feelings over facts and rejects absolute truths.
61122 Research_Paradigms & Qual Res by sir Waheed.ppt
This document provides an overview of different research paradigms that can be applied in educational research. It discusses the positivist, interpretivist/constructivist, and critical paradigms. For each paradigm, it describes elements like epistemology, ontology, methodology, and axiology. It also discusses key concepts like normal science versus scientific revolution in the positivist paradigm. The document aims to define what a research paradigm is and explain the common beliefs and assumptions that define different paradigms.
Ethics and Program Evaluation: Grounded in Social Justice
This document discusses ethics in program evaluation from a transformative paradigm perspective focused on social justice. It outlines how a transformative approach considers the social context and power structures, involves diverse communities, and aims to promote human rights and social justice through the evaluation process and outcomes. Key aspects covered include engaging diverse participants and addressing issues of inequity, balancing professional ethical standards with community norms, and using mixed methods and community participation to support transformative social change. The document provides examples and compares a transformative approach to traditional ethical models to argue for grounded ethics focused on empowerment and addressing oppression.
2. sociology
The document discusses several key concepts in the sociology of architecture including:
1. Classical sociology of architecture in the 18th-19th centuries with thinkers like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber.
2. Modern sociology of architecture examining concepts from Bourdieu like fields, capital, and habitus and Giddens' theory of structuration.
3. Ethnoarchaeological studies of built environments which draw analogies between modern and ancient structures to make inferences about past societies.
Social Research: Nature of Reality
This document discusses the nature of social reality and epistemological debates in the social sciences. It outlines three key pairs of epistemological debates: positivism vs historicism, logical empiricism vs dialectical theory, and realism vs constructivism. It also discusses the development of social philosophy from early European influences to more modern alternatives like phenomenology, ethnomethodology, and the social construction of reality. Postmodern challenges to positivism are also mentioned.
Thinking qualitatively, Hermeneutics in Science, James A. Anderson
This document discusses paradigmatic qualitative research and how it differs from other approaches. Some key points:
1) Qualitative research is a scientific paradigm focused on studying socially constructed realities through narratives, actions, and discourse rather than quantifying individual attributes.
2) In qualitative research, explanations are located in social practices rather than within individuals. Reality and concepts are sustained through shared social practices rather than objective facts.
3) The goal of qualitative research is to develop increasingly dense narratives about topics rather than arriving at final or objective truths. Knowledge is seen as socially constructed rather than independent of social influences.
paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences
This document discusses paradigmatic controversies and emerging confluences in qualitative research. It summarizes the author's previous work which identified four research paradigms - positivism, postpositivism, critical theory, and constructivism - according to their ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Since then, the participatory paradigm has been added. The author aims to further analyze the issues by rearranging them to reflect current thought, including debates around validity, the role of values, and the influence of feminist and other perspectives on the researcher's role in communities.
Similar to Chapter1 (20)
Research 101: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Research 101: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
Mass communication theory –evolution and development.pptx
Postmodern presentation fmi gms from Piet Brinksma
Postmodern presentation fmi gms from Piet Brinksma
61122 Research_Paradigms & Qual Res by sir Waheed.ppt
61122 Research_Paradigms & Qual Res by sir Waheed.ppt
Ethics and Program Evaluation: Grounded in Social Justice
Ethics and Program Evaluation: Grounded in Social Justice
Thinking qualitatively, Hermeneutics in Science, James A. Anderson
Thinking qualitatively, Hermeneutics in Science, James A. Anderson
paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences
paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences
More from Ying Liu
Chapter38
This document provides guidance on choosing appropriate statistical tests based on characteristics of the data and research questions. It outlines initial questions to consider, such as the number of samples, whether the data is parametric or non-parametric, and the number and independence of groups. Tables show which tests are suited for different data scales (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio) and sample configurations (one sample, two independent samples, two related samples, more than two samples). The assumptions of various statistical tests like t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, and correlation analyses are also reviewed.
Chapter36b
This document provides an overview of inferential statistics and statistical analysis techniques. It discusses measures of difference between groups such as the t-test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test. It also covers regression analysis techniques including simple linear regression, multiple regression, and logistic regression. Key concepts explained include standardized scores, degrees of freedom, assumptions of regression, and examining regression output for diagnostics like collinearity. Stepwise regression and procedures for conducting analyses in SPSS are also outlined.
Chapter36a
This document discusses inferential statistics and various statistical tests used to analyze differences between groups. It describes measures of difference such as the t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. It also covers regression analysis techniques like simple and multiple linear regression. Key steps are outlined for conducting t-tests, ANOVA, and interpreting their results from SPSS output. Degrees of freedom and their role in statistical tests are also explained.
Chapter35
This document provides an overview of descriptive statistics techniques including frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency, dispersion, correlations, and reliability. It describes graphical and tabular ways to present categorical and continuous data, such as bar charts, histograms, scatterplots and crosstabulations. It also defines key concepts like mean, median, standard deviation, range, correlation, and reliability coefficients. Multiple examples are provided to illustrate concepts like correlation, standard deviation, and how to interpret reliability.
Chapter34
This document provides an overview of key concepts in quantitative data analysis, including:
1. It describes four scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and warns against using statistics inappropriate for the scale of data.
2. It distinguishes between parametric and non-parametric statistics, descriptive and inferential statistics, and the types of variables and analyses.
3. It explains important statistical concepts like hypotheses, one-tailed and two-tailed tests, distributions, significance, and avoiding type I and II errors in hypothesis testing.
Chapter33
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived grounded theory about a phenomenon. The key aspects of grounded theory include:
- Theory is generated from the data rather than testing a predefined theory.
- Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously in an iterative process involving constant comparison of data.
- The goal is to develop conceptual categories that emerge from common patterns in the data to explain phenomena.
Chapter32
This document outlines various methods for analyzing visual media, including content analysis, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Content analysis involves coding images according to a system and counting frequencies to identify themes. Discourse analysis examines how images convey meanings and structure knowledge. Grounded theory is an inductive process of categorizing themes through constant comparison. Overall, the document emphasizes interpreting images through considering their context, intended meanings and effects, and allowing for multiple interpretations.
Chapter31
This document discusses different types of discourses including conversations, narratives, and autobiographies. It defines a discourse as a way of thinking that shapes knowledge and behavior through the exercise of power via language. Discourse analysis examines how power operates through language in texts. Conversational analysis rigorously investigates features of conversations like how meaning is constructed. Narratives tell stories using descriptive details, while autobiographies are subjective narratives that construct identity through selective life stories.
Chapter30
This document discusses content analysis as a qualitative data analysis technique. It begins by defining content analysis as a method to systematically reduce and categorize textual data to identify patterns and relationships. The document then outlines the coding process, describing codes as labels assigned to segments of text that are then grouped into categories. It provides examples of different types of codes and discusses hierarchical coding structures. Steps in the content analysis process are also outlined, from defining research questions to data analysis and interpretation. Issues of reliability in content analysis are raised at the end.
Chapter29
This document discusses various approaches to organizing and presenting qualitative data analysis. It outlines seven ways to organize data including by groups, individuals, themes, research questions, instruments, case studies, and narratives. Narrative and biographical approaches are described as a way to add context and perspective. Systematic approaches like comparing groups and analyzing deviant cases are also presented. The document provides examples of tactics and tools that can be used in qualitative data analysis such as counting frequencies, noting patterns, clustering, and content analysis techniques.
Chapter28
This document discusses approaches to qualitative data analysis. It covers topics such as the lack of a single correct approach and the interpretive nature of qualitative analysis. It also discusses transcribing interviews, thick description, reflexivity, respondent validation, ethics, and computer assisted qualitative data analysis software. The main points are that qualitative analysis requires interpretation, commences early in the research process, and involves an ongoing iterative process between data collection and analysis.
Chapter27
This document discusses the use of visual media in educational research. It covers four types of visual data: found data, researcher-created data, respondent-created data, and representations. Using visual media raises concerns around image production, the image itself, and audiences. Images are shaped by technologies, composition, and social contexts. Researchers can use photographs to prompt discussion with participants and ask participants to take their own photos or select images. Video allows observation of evolving situations but requires consideration of context. Artifacts provide insight but have multiple interpretations. The document stresses obtaining permission, anonymization, and following ethical codes when using visual media in research.
Chapter26
This document discusses role play as a research method. It defines role play as assuming the roles of others in a dramatic and creative way. Role play is useful for research as it allows participants to experience different perspectives and behaviors. There are three stages to role play: briefing, acting, and debriefing. When using role play in research, researchers must consider ethical issues and the well-being of participants. Role play can provide rich data about human behavior and interactions if properly planned and facilitated.
Chapter25
This document discusses the repertory grid technique, which is used to analyze personal constructs. It begins by outlining the structure and key aspects of personal constructs, including that people actively make sense of their experiences and differ in how they construe events. The document then covers the strengths of the repertory grid technique, how to work with personal constructs by choosing elements and eliciting constructs, and methods for analyzing grids including correlations and spatial representations. Finally, it addresses difficulties in using this technique for research and lists resources for further information.
Chapter24
This document discusses various types of tests, including parametric and non-parametric tests, norm-referenced tests, and criterion-referenced tests. It also covers commercially produced tests versus researcher produced tests, considerations for constructing a test such as validity and reliability, the use of pre-tests and post-tests, ethical issues in testing, and computerized adaptive testing.
Chapter23
This document discusses structured observation as a research method. It covers the need to practice structured observation to record data consistently and quickly. It also discusses analyzing both structured and unstructured observation data through methods like frequencies, patterns, and thematic analysis. Ethical considerations for observation research are also outlined, such as informed consent, anonymity, and effects on the natural setting.
Chapter22
This document discusses approaches to analyzing accounts and social interactions. It covers:
1) The ethogenic approach focuses on meaning systems and language in context through accounts, speech acts, ethnomethodology, and seeing situations through participants' perspectives.
2) Accounts must be analyzed within social episodes and serve to explain past, present, and future actions. Procedures include eliciting, analyzing, and authenticating accounts through various qualitative techniques.
3) Other analysis methods discussed include network analysis of relationships between entities, discourse analysis of talk and explanations, and analyzing social episodes both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Chapter21
This document provides an overview of interviews as a method of data collection. It discusses different types of interviews including standardized, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews. It also covers planning interview-based research, interview question types, response modes, and issues that may arise such as interviewing children and marginalized groups. The document outlines best practices for conducting interviews including ensuring ethical treatment of participants, using prompts and probes, anticipating problems, and analyzing interview data. Interviewing is presented as a social encounter that requires sensitivity to context and dynamics between the interviewer and interviewee.
Chapter20
This document provides an overview of key considerations for designing and administering questionnaires. It discusses ethical issues to consider, approaches to planning a questionnaire, types of questionnaire items and response formats, question wording best practices, sequencing questions, layout, cover letters, piloting, and data processing. The document outlines purposes of piloting a questionnaire and practical design considerations like ensuring questions measure intended constructs comprehensively while keeping the questionnaire brief. It also reviews methods of administering questionnaires.
More from Ying Liu (20)
Recently uploaded
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up Slides
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte Webinar
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoption
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Recently uploaded (20)
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Deep Dive: AI-Powered Marketing to Get More Leads and Customers with HyperGro...
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying Ahead
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and Milvus
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
Chapter1
- 1. PARADIGMS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH © LOUIS COHEN, LAWRENCE MANION & KEITH MORRISON
- 2. STRUCTURE OF THE CHAPTER • The search for truth • Two conceptions of social reality • Positivism • The assumptions, nature and tools of science • The scientific method • Criticisms of positivism and the scientific method • Naturalistic approaches • Normative and interpretive paradigms • Phenomenology, ethnomethodology, symbolic interactionism • Criticisms of naturalistic and interpretive approaches • Mixed methods research • Post-positivism, post modernism and post-structuralism • Complexity theory
- 3. PARADIGMS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH COMPLEXITY THEORY INTERPRETIVE MIXED METHODS POST-POSITIVIST POST- STRUCTURALIST POST-MODERNIST POSITIVIST
- 5. POSITIVIST DESIGN REVIEW PREVIOUS LITERATURE FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS DESIGN RESEARCH COLLECT DATA IDENTIFY TOPIC ANALYZE DATA REPORT FINDINGS LOOK FOR ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS START PROCESS AGAIN NO YES
- 8. INTERPRETIVE/ETHNOGRAPHIC LITERATURE REVIEW IDENTIFY TOPIC RESEARCH DESIGN DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS ELABORATION OF CONCEPTS/THEORIES REPORT OF FINDINGS
- 12. MULTIPLE REALITIES INTERPRETIVE RELATIVIST POST-POSITIVISM, POST- STRUCTURALISM & POSTMODERNISM NO GRAND NARRATIVES CONTEXT & TEMPORALITY DIFFERENCE & DIVERSITY DISCOURSES PHENOMENOLOGY CONTRADICTORY DISCOURSES AGENCY & INDIVIDUALISM MULTIPLE MEANINGS