The document discusses several theories of motivation including drive theory, incentive theory, and humanistic theories. It describes how drives are related to homeostasis and brain states. Specific drives like hunger are discussed along with factors influencing weight regulation, obesity, and eating disorders. Theories of emotion are presented including the James-Lange theory, two-factor theory, and cognitive-mediational theory. Sexual motivation, orientation, behaviors, and disorders are also summarized.

1. Chapter 8 Motivation and Emotion

5. Drives as States of the Brain The hub of many central drive systems lies in the hypothalamus. Cerebral cortex Portion of limbic system Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Brainstem

6. Hunger Drive Two areas of the hypothalamus, the lateral and ventromedial areas, play a central role in the hunger drive Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

7. Lateral Area However, chemical lesions to specific cell bodies reduce hunger drive as well as general arousal. Hypothalamus Hypothalamus

35. Humanistic Theories Abraham Maslow suggested that motives are divided into several levels from basic survival needs to psychological and self-fulfillment needs.

41. Sensation Seeking A person high in sensation seeking tends to look for exciting (and sometimes risky) activities.

48. Theories of Emotion Common sense might suggest that the perception of a stimulus elicits emotion which then causes bodily arousal Perception (Interpretation of stimulus— danger) Stimulus (Tiger) Emotion (Fear) Bodily arousal (Pounding heart) Common-Sense Theory

49. James-Lange Theory

50. Two-Factor Theory