Motivation
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The document discusses different aspects of motivation including its definition, approaches, classifications of motives, and human needs and motivation related to eating, achievement, affiliation, and power. It defines motivation as the factors that direct and energize behavior and considers it the "why" of behavior. Some key approaches discussed are instinct, drive reduction, and arousal theory. Motives are classified as biological needs, social needs, and sexual motivation. The document also covers the motivation behind hunger and eating, roots of obesity, eating disorders, and needs for achievement, affiliation, and power.
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Motivation
Motivation is driven by internal and external forces that arouse and direct behavior. Internal motives include biological drives like hunger and thirst, as well as psychological needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. External motives involve rewards and consequences from an individual's environment. Theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which proposes humans are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization. McClelland's theory focuses on the need for achievement, while Skinner's behaviorism sees motivation as responses to reinforcement and punishment. Freud's psychoanalysis also contributed by emphasizing unconscious drives and how early experiences shape motivation.
Motivation PowerPoint
The document discusses various motives and factors that influence human behavior, including:
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This document discusses the key topics in motivation and emotion covered in Chapter 8, including several enduring issues and questions. It addresses whether motives and emotions are inborn or acquired, if they change over the lifespan, how individuals differ in their motivations and emotions, and how motives and emotions arise from and affect biological processes. Several theories of motivation are summarized, such as drive-reduction theory, arousal theory including the Yerkes-Dodson law, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Key motives like hunger, sex, aggression, achievement, and affiliation are explored. Theories of emotion like the James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory are compared. Gender and cultural differences in emotion are also summarized.
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There are four main factors that affect personality development: heredity, birth order, parental characteristics, and cultural environment. Isolation in childhood can negatively impact development. Personality is shaped through both nature, such as genetic instincts, and nurture, like social learning and environment. Most experts believe both factors together influence personality over a lifetime in complex ways.
Motivation
This document discusses motivation and the key concepts in understanding it. Motivation refers to the internal processes that initiate and direct behavior toward a desired goal. There are several components to motivation including needs, drives, responses, and goals. Motivation is driven by both primary motives like hunger and thirst that are innate and help maintain homeostasis, as well as secondary motives that are acquired through socialization like curiosity, competition, and interests. Understanding the difference between primary needs and drives versus secondary learned motives is important to fully comprehending motivation.
Motivation
The document discusses several theories of motivation, including:
1) Instinct theory, which proposes that behaviors are inherited responses to stimuli, but this has flaws as many behaviors are learned.
2) Drive-reduction theory, which states that motivation pushes people to reduce tension and restore homeostasis, but cannot explain behaviors that increase stress.
3) Additional theories like arousal theory and incentive theory that propose people are motivated to achieve an optimal arousal level or gain valued incentives.
4) Most theorists agree on the diversity of human motivations, which can be biological, social, or related to achievement, affiliation, and other factors.
Motivation
The document discusses motivation and its types. Motivation is defined as that which energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. There are two main types of motivation - primary/basic motivation and secondary motivation. Primary motivation satisfies basic needs like hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sleep, air and sex. These needs are biological and innate. Secondary motivation involves learned needs like achievement, aggression, curiosity, need for affiliation and power. Psychological needs are also important and their non-satisfaction can cause mental illness.
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Motivation
Motivation is driven by internal and external forces that arouse and direct behavior. Internal motives include biological drives like hunger and thirst, as well as psychological needs for achievement, power, and affiliation. External motives involve rewards and consequences from an individual's environment. Theories of motivation include Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which proposes humans are motivated to fulfill basic needs before pursuing higher needs like esteem and self-actualization. McClelland's theory focuses on the need for achievement, while Skinner's behaviorism sees motivation as responses to reinforcement and punishment. Freud's psychoanalysis also contributed by emphasizing unconscious drives and how early experiences shape motivation.
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The document discusses various motives and factors that influence human behavior, including:
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3. The complexity of factors influencing body weight, including genetics, environment, culture, and biological regulation mechanisms.
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This document discusses the key topics in motivation and emotion covered in Chapter 8, including several enduring issues and questions. It addresses whether motives and emotions are inborn or acquired, if they change over the lifespan, how individuals differ in their motivations and emotions, and how motives and emotions arise from and affect biological processes. Several theories of motivation are summarized, such as drive-reduction theory, arousal theory including the Yerkes-Dodson law, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Key motives like hunger, sex, aggression, achievement, and affiliation are explored. Theories of emotion like the James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory are compared. Gender and cultural differences in emotion are also summarized.
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This document discusses motivation and the key concepts in understanding it. Motivation refers to the internal processes that initiate and direct behavior toward a desired goal. There are several components to motivation including needs, drives, responses, and goals. Motivation is driven by both primary motives like hunger and thirst that are innate and help maintain homeostasis, as well as secondary motives that are acquired through socialization like curiosity, competition, and interests. Understanding the difference between primary needs and drives versus secondary learned motives is important to fully comprehending motivation.
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The document discusses several theories of motivation, including:
1) Instinct theory, which proposes that behaviors are inherited responses to stimuli, but this has flaws as many behaviors are learned.
2) Drive-reduction theory, which states that motivation pushes people to reduce tension and restore homeostasis, but cannot explain behaviors that increase stress.
3) Additional theories like arousal theory and incentive theory that propose people are motivated to achieve an optimal arousal level or gain valued incentives.
4) Most theorists agree on the diversity of human motivations, which can be biological, social, or related to achievement, affiliation, and other factors.
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The document discusses motivation and its types. Motivation is defined as that which energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. There are two main types of motivation - primary/basic motivation and secondary motivation. Primary motivation satisfies basic needs like hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sleep, air and sex. These needs are biological and innate. Secondary motivation involves learned needs like achievement, aggression, curiosity, need for affiliation and power. Psychological needs are also important and their non-satisfaction can cause mental illness.
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The document discusses different theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers biological motives like hunger and thirst, stimulus motives including sensory stimulation, curiosity and exploration, and competence. Learned social motives such as achievement, power, and affiliation are mentioned as well.
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This document discusses motivation and the different types of motives that drive human behavior. It defines motivation as physiological or psychological arousal that causes behavior. There are biological drives like hunger and thirst aimed at survival. General drives seek new experiences through curiosity, activity, and affection. Acquired motives are learned and include needs for achievement, autonomy, order, and affiliation. Understanding motivation provides insight into why people do what they do.
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The document discusses several determinants of personality:
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- Environmental factors such as culture, family, social groups, status, and life situations shape personality through social and cultural learning.
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Personality develops through a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genes account for about 50% of personality traits, while unique life experiences account for more than shared family environment. Personality becomes more consistent and stable from childhood through middle adulthood, plateauing around ages 50-70. While people may change in absolute terms, their relative ranking compared to peers remains fairly consistent over time.
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The document discusses definitions of personality and factors that influence personality development. It defines personality as the dynamic organization of psychological systems that determine one's adjustments to the environment (Allport) and as the sum of ways one reacts to and interacts with others (Robins). The main determinants of personality are described as heredity, environment, and situation. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception like physical traits. Environment includes one's culture and early experiences. Situation influences how heredity and environment shape personality. The document also discusses locus of control, internals vs. externals, and Type A vs. Type B personality types.
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The document discusses the different aspects that make up an individual's personality, including mental, emotional, social, physical, moral, and spiritual aspects. It describes each aspect in more detail - for example, the mental aspect refers to intellectual capacity and is influenced by education level, while the emotional aspect is shown through likes/dislikes and responses to difficult situations. Additionally, it outlines five dimensions of personality - extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience - and provides examples of traits that fall under each dimension.
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Genetic, physical, and environmental factors all influence personality development. Genetics determine traits like intelligence levels and temperament inherited from parents. The brain and nervous system also affect personality. Physical attributes and health can impact how one interacts with others. The geographical environment and culture one is raised in shape ideas and attitudes through transmission of values, beliefs, and social norms. Family relationships and socioeconomic status additionally mold personality in a person's formative years. While heredity provides potentials, the complex interplay between nature and nurture ultimately forms a unique and evolving personality pattern for each individual.
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1. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
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Motivation arises from biological and social factors. Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs where satisfying lower level needs like hunger and thirst allows for higher level needs. Biological motives include oxygen, hunger regulated by stomach cues and the brain, thirst regulated by the hypothalamus, sex for procreation, avoidance of pain, and temperature regulation. Social motives include the need for achievement, affiliation for belonging, and power for control over the environment. Motivation can also be intrinsic from enjoyment of an activity itself or extrinsic from external rewards.
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DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
Personality is determined by a combination of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Biological factors include hereditary traits and physical characteristics that are passed down from parents to children. Social factors encompass the environments and relationships that influence a person from infancy onward. Cultural determinants consist of the traditions, beliefs, and norms of the society in which one lives. Additionally, situational factors can alter behavior depending on the specific context. Overall, personality is unique to each individual and represents the sum of innate and learned qualities that impact thoughts, actions, and interactions with others.
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The document discusses the moral and spiritual aspects of personality development. It identifies four major social institutions that influence character development: family, peer group, school, and church. It also discusses four approaches to moral behavior development: psychoanalytic, learning theory, social group, and cognitive developmental. Finally, it outlines a moral code involving self-control, fortitude, justice, and prudence.
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This document defines and describes different types of motivation. It discusses primary/basic motivation which satisfies basic biological needs like hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, sex, air and sleep. These are innate and help maintain homeostasis. It also examines secondary motivation which involves learned motives like achievement, aggression, curiosity and need for affiliation, power and approval. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are also defined. Primary motives arise from physiological needs while secondary are more complex and psychological.
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The document discusses several theories of motivation including drive theory, incentive theory, and humanistic theories. It describes how drives are related to homeostasis and brain states. Specific drives like hunger are discussed along with factors influencing weight regulation, obesity, and eating disorders. Theories of emotion are presented including the James-Lange theory, two-factor theory, and cognitive-mediational theory. Sexual motivation, orientation, behaviors, and disorders are also summarized.
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The document discusses different theories of motivation including instinct theory, drive theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It also covers biological motives like hunger and thirst, stimulus motives including sensory stimulation, curiosity and exploration, and competence. Learned social motives such as achievement, power, and affiliation are mentioned as well.
Motivation
This document discusses motivation and the different types of motives that drive human behavior. It defines motivation as physiological or psychological arousal that causes behavior. There are biological drives like hunger and thirst aimed at survival. General drives seek new experiences through curiosity, activity, and affection. Acquired motives are learned and include needs for achievement, autonomy, order, and affiliation. Understanding motivation provides insight into why people do what they do.
determinants of personality
The document discusses several determinants of personality:
- Biological factors like genetic inheritance, physical growth, and hormone levels influence personality from birth. The nervous system and glands also impact personality.
- Environmental factors such as culture, family, social groups, status, and life situations shape personality through social and cultural learning.
- Emotional intelligence, the ability to understand one's own and other people's feelings, may be a stronger determinant of career success than IQ.
Development stability
Personality develops through a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genes account for about 50% of personality traits, while unique life experiences account for more than shared family environment. Personality becomes more consistent and stable from childhood through middle adulthood, plateauing around ages 50-70. While people may change in absolute terms, their relative ranking compared to peers remains fairly consistent over time.
Personality
The document discusses definitions of personality and factors that influence personality development. It defines personality as the dynamic organization of psychological systems that determine one's adjustments to the environment (Allport) and as the sum of ways one reacts to and interacts with others (Robins). The main determinants of personality are described as heredity, environment, and situation. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception like physical traits. Environment includes one's culture and early experiences. Situation influences how heredity and environment shape personality. The document also discusses locus of control, internals vs. externals, and Type A vs. Type B personality types.
Aspects of individual's personality
The document discusses the different aspects that make up an individual's personality, including mental, emotional, social, physical, moral, and spiritual aspects. It describes each aspect in more detail - for example, the mental aspect refers to intellectual capacity and is influenced by education level, while the emotional aspect is shown through likes/dislikes and responses to difficult situations. Additionally, it outlines five dimensions of personality - extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience - and provides examples of traits that fall under each dimension.
Determinants of personality development
Biological inheritance and environmental factors are the two main determinants of personality development. Biological inheritance includes physical traits and innate capacities that set limits on what a person can do. Environmental factors refer to the influence of family, social groups, school and other external influences that a person interacts with from a young age. Each group exerts pressure that shapes how a person behaves differently in various situations and conditions. Deviant behavior refers to actions that differ significantly from social norms and can be tolerated, approved, or disapproved depending on cultural and social contexts.
Review of personality development
This document reviews factors that influence personality development. It discusses biological factors such as heredity, endocrine glands, physique, and the nervous system. Environmental factors that shape personality include family, school, teachers, peer groups, sibling relationships, mass media, and culture. The review describes how each of these biological and environmental influences can impact personality formation and the development of behavior patterns.
The Moral and Spiritual Aspects of Personality
The document discusses the development of morality and character. It states that morality is shaped by four major social institutions: family, religion, school, and peers. The family is the primary socializing agent during childhood where children learn right from wrong. Religion also plays a role through moral teachings and social control. Schools aim to develop moral character through moral education incorporated into the curriculum. Peers influence individuals, especially the young, through social approval and acceptance. Together, these institutions guide individuals' moral development from an early age according to the norms and values of their society.
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The document discusses four main factors that affect personality development: nature, nurture, heredity, and environment. It analyzes the debate around whether nature (genetics) or nurture (environment) has a greater influence. Isolation in childhood can profoundly impact development, as seen in case studies of feral children confined with little social interaction or stimulation who struggled to learn basic skills even after being rescued.
Determinants of Personality
Genetic, physical, and environmental factors all influence personality development. Genetics determine traits like intelligence levels and temperament inherited from parents. The brain and nervous system also affect personality. Physical attributes and health can impact how one interacts with others. The geographical environment and culture one is raised in shape ideas and attitudes through transmission of values, beliefs, and social norms. Family relationships and socioeconomic status additionally mold personality in a person's formative years. While heredity provides potentials, the complex interplay between nature and nurture ultimately forms a unique and evolving personality pattern for each individual.
Basic human needs and dynamics of human behavior for nursing students
This document discusses basic human needs and the dynamics of human behavior. It begins by defining needs as things necessary for healthy living, and drives as urgent needs pressing for satisfaction. It then explains Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which arranges human motivations from basic physiological needs to safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. The document also outlines biological, psychological and socio-cultural dynamics that influence human behavior, such as genetics, cognition, social norms, and cultural traditions.
Human development
This document summarizes several theories of child development and psychology:
1. Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
2. Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of development which identifies eight stages from infancy to old age centered around resolving crises of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity.
3. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory which describes a child's development within different environmental systems from the microsystem to the macrosystem.
4. Piag
Stressman
Stress results from a perceived discrepancy between environmental demands and a person's ability to cope with them using their biological, psychological, and social resources. Effective management involves coordinating people and resources to achieve goals. Personality plays a role in stress; Type A personalities who are ambitious and time-conscious are more prone to stress-related illness if not properly managed, whereas Type B personalities are more relaxed and able to adaptively cope with stressors. A combination of genetic, social, and experiential factors influence the development of personality types and ability to handle stress, and women generally have stronger social support systems and cope better than men due to hormonal and social differences.
PERSONALITY
The document discusses the key foundations of personality, including biological, cultural, family, social and situational factors. It defines personality as the totality of qualities and traits that make a person unique. The biological foundations discussed include heredity, brain structures, hormones, enzymes, and physical features. Cultural, family and social factors also influence personality development. Freud's psychodynamic theory involving the id, ego and superego is summarized. The document concludes by outlining the six foundations of personality: mental, emotional, social, physical, moral and spiritual.
Motivation
Motivation arises from biological and social factors. Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs where satisfying lower level needs like hunger and thirst allows for higher level needs. Biological motives include oxygen, hunger regulated by stomach cues and the brain, thirst regulated by the hypothalamus, sex for procreation, avoidance of pain, and temperature regulation. Social motives include the need for achievement, affiliation for belonging, and power for control over the environment. Motivation can also be intrinsic from enjoyment of an activity itself or extrinsic from external rewards.
Determinants of personality + social psychological theoy
all determinants of personality and social psychological theory with examples.
this is related with organizational behavior course of BBA .
all factors are included in these slides.
DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
Personality is determined by a combination of biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. Biological factors include hereditary traits and physical characteristics that are passed down from parents to children. Social factors encompass the environments and relationships that influence a person from infancy onward. Cultural determinants consist of the traditions, beliefs, and norms of the society in which one lives. Additionally, situational factors can alter behavior depending on the specific context. Overall, personality is unique to each individual and represents the sum of innate and learned qualities that impact thoughts, actions, and interactions with others.
The moral and spiritual aspect of personality
The document discusses the moral and spiritual aspects of personality development. It identifies four major social institutions that influence character development: family, peer group, school, and church. It also discusses four approaches to moral behavior development: psychoanalytic, learning theory, social group, and cognitive developmental. Finally, it outlines a moral code involving self-control, fortitude, justice, and prudence.
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Will be released as part of the Counselor Toolbox Podcast
Power Point Presentation Eating Disorders
The document discusses eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and obesity. It outlines the biological, psychological, developmental, and social risk factors for developing eating disorders. It also describes the signs and symptoms, medical consequences, and treatment approaches for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of seeking treatment early and provides suggestions for recovery such as making a support system, focusing on solutions, and trying new behaviors.
Motivation and emotion
This document discusses various theories of motivation and emotion. It covers instinct approaches, drive-reduction approaches, arousal approaches, incentive approaches, and cognitive approaches. It also discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs and addresses biological and social factors related to hunger, eating, and the roots of obesity.
Why She Feels Fat
Sara Weber, LPC How to understand and respond to college students with food issues or poor body image.
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Memory involves three basic processes - encoding, storage, and retrieval. There are three types of memory - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory only lasts a short time, short-term memory can hold information for 15-25 seconds using rehearsal and chunking, and long-term memory stores information more permanently. The hippocampus aids in encoding, the cerebral cortex stores memories, and the amygdala is involved with emotional memories.
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Learning refers to any relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from practice or experience. There are two main types of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, like Pavlov's dog experiment. Operant conditioning is learning through rewards and punishments for behaviors. Behaviors followed by reinforcement tend to be repeated while behaviors followed by punishment tend to decrease.
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Emotions are feelings that have physiological and cognitive elements and influence behavior. They prepare us for action, shape future behavior, and help us interact effectively with others. There are several theories about the roots of emotions, including the James-Lange theory that emotions are reactions to bodily events, the Cannon-Bard theory that physiological arousal and emotions occur simultaneously, and the Schachter-Singer theory that emotions are determined by physiological arousal and environmental cues. The amygdala plays a role in linking emotion-producing stimuli to later recall. While facial expressions of emotion may be universal, display rules govern appropriate emotional expression. The six primary emotions are happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, disgust, and fear.
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This document discusses different approaches to defining and assessing intelligence, including fluid and crystallized intelligence, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, and emotional and practical intelligence. It describes the biological basis of intelligence in the lateral prefrontal cortex and how intelligence tests are used to quantify a person's intelligence level through metrics like IQ, mental age, and standardized tests. The document also covers reliability and validity in testing, norms, scoring better on tests, categories of mental retardation, and causes and educational programs for students with mental retardation or intellectual giftedness.
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The endocrine system helps regulate the body's functions through glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Major glands include the pituitary gland, which controls other glands; the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism; and the adrenal and gonadal glands, which regulate other processes like stress response and reproduction. Disorders can result from too much or too little hormone production and can affect growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions.
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Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Its goals are to describe, predict, understand, and control behavior. It has many subfields including clinical, cognitive, developmental, and social psychology. Important figures in its history include Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first psychology lab, and William James, who brought experimental psychology to the US. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and Ivan Pavlov studied classical conditioning.
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Motivation
- 1. Motivation
- 4. Approaches
- 5. Approaches Meaning Instinct People and animals are born with pre-programmed sets of behaviours essential to their survival. Drive reduction When some basic biological requirement is lacking, a drive is produced. Arousal People seek an optimal level of stimulation. If the level of stimulation is too high, they act to reduce it; if it is too low, they act to increase it.
- 6. Approaches Meaning Incentive External stimuli direct and energize behaviour. Cognitive Thoughts, expectations, and understanding of the world direct motivation. Hierarchy of needs Needs form a hierarchy; before higher-order needs are met, lower-order needs must be fulfilled.
- 12. Human Needs and Motivation: Eat, Drink, and Be Daring