Pinel basics ch01
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in biopsychology from an introductory textbook chapter. It discusses the following: 1) Biopsychology integrates knowledge from neuroscience to study the biological basis of behavior. It examines the interactions between genes, brain activity, and experience. 2) Human evolution and comparative approaches provide insights into behavior by studying similarities and differences across species. 3) Fundamental genetics concepts from Mendel's experiments demonstrate how traits are inherited and expressed. 4) Research incorporates both human and nonhuman subjects to gain a more comprehensive understanding of brain-behavior relationships.
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1) The passage discusses genetics, evolution, and behavior from a biological perspective. It explains how genes govern cellular functions and are passed down through generations, resulting in inherited traits and behaviors.
2) Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is described, where genetic variations that provide reproductive advantages are more likely to be passed on, shaping organisms over generations. Behaviors as well as physical traits have evolved in this manner.
3) Evidence for evolution includes the fossil record, molecular analysis of genomes across species showing common ancestry, and examples of observed natural selection in modern organisms. Intelligence has components of both genetic inheritance and environmental influences.
Chapter1 Power Point Presentation
The document discusses several key topics in biological psychology including the mind-brain relationship, genetics of behavior, and use of animals in research. It explores dualism vs monism perspectives on the mind-brain problem and examines the role of genes, DNA, RNA, and proteins in determining behavior. It also addresses the controversy around using animals in psychological research and different views on its justification.
Unit 5: Life and Purpose
What’s the difference between nonlife and life? To answer this question, we first need to define life. I’ll lay out what are
to me the key hallmarks of life, and then offer a response that flows from such an understanding.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
2014 Final Exam Review Slides
This document provides definitions for various biology terms related to genetics, cells, evolution, and body systems. It defines key concepts such as adaptation, alleles, asexual reproduction, chromosomes, DNA, dominant and recessive traits, and Mendel's accomplishments. It also outlines the steps of natural selection and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. Various body systems are defined, including circulatory, digestive, endocrine, nervous, respiratory, and skeletal systems. Genetic concepts like genotype, phenotype, and Punnett squares are also summarized.
Ho a1 gr 130219 60m ssc pns into ebm rwh
1. The document discusses the importance of skin-to-skin contact between mothers and newborns from a neuroscience perspective. It summarizes evidence that separation from the mother is a form of toxic stress that can disrupt brain development and have lifelong negative impacts on learning, behavior, and health.
2. The author argues that reducing toxic stress for newborns is very easy and involves practices like skin-to-skin contact, attachment, bonding, and breastfeeding that allow the mother's body to regulate the infant's physiology. Public health policies should focus on supporting these early interactions between mothers and babies.
3. Evidence is presented showing that early adversity can get "under the skin" and alter stress response systems
Bab i pendahuluan
1. The document discusses 10 themes in studying life, including that each level of biological organization has emergent properties and cells are the basic units of structure and function of organisms.
2. It also covers that the continuity of life is based on heritable DNA and that structure and function are correlated at all levels of biological organization.
3. Additionally, it mentions that organisms are open systems that interact continuously with their environments.
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
Chapter 3
Biopsychology
Figure 3.1 Different brain imaging techniques provide scientists with insight into different aspects of how the human
brain functions. Left to right, PET scan (positron emission tomography), CT scan (computed tomography), and fMRI
(functional magnetic resonance imaging) are three types of scans. (credit “left”: modification of work by Health and
Human Services Department, National Institutes of Health; credit “center": modification of work by
"Aceofhearts1968"/Wikimedia Commons; credit “right”: modification of work by Kim J, Matthews NL, Park S.)
Chapter Outline
3.1 Human Genetics
3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
3.5 The Endocrine System
Introduction
Have you ever taken a device apart to find out how it works? Many of us have done so, whether to attempt
a repair or simply to satisfy our curiosity. A device’s internal workings are often distinct from its user
interface on the outside. For example, we don’t think about microchips and circuits when we turn up
the volume on a mobile phone; instead, we think about getting the volume just right. Similarly, the inner
workings of the human body are often distinct from the external expression of those workings. It is the
job of psychologists to find the connection between these—for example, to figure out how the firings of
millions of neurons become a thought.
This chapter strives to explain the biological mechanisms that underlie behavior. These physiological and
anatomical foundations are the basis for many areas of psychology. In this chapter, you will learn how
genetics influence both physiological and psychological traits. You will become familiar with the structure
and function of the nervous system. And, finally, you will learn how the nervous system interacts with the
endocrine system.
Chapter 3 | Biopsychology 73
3.1 Human Genetics
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the basic principles of the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Describe the differences between genotype and phenotype
• Discuss how gene-environment interactions are critical for expression of physical and
psychological characteristics
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the biological basis that contributes
to certain behaviors. While all humans share certain biological mechanisms, we are each unique. And
while our bodies have many of the same parts—brains and hormones and cells with genetic codes—these
are expressed in a wide variety of behaviors, thoughts, and reactions.
Why do two people infected by the same disease have different outcomes: one surviving and one
succumbing to the ailment? How are genetic diseases passed through family lines? Are there genetic
components to psychological disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia? To what extent might there
be a psychological basis to health conditions such as childhood obesity?
To e.
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
Chapter 3
Biopsychology
Figure 3.1 Different brain imaging techniques provide scientists with insight into different aspects of how the human
brain functions. Left to right, PET scan (positron emission tomography), CT scan (computed tomography), and fMRI
(functional magnetic resonance imaging) are three types of scans. (credit “left”: modification of work by Health and
Human Services Department, National Institutes of Health; credit “center": modification of work by
"Aceofhearts1968"/Wikimedia Commons; credit “right”: modification of work by Kim J, Matthews NL, Park S.)
Chapter Outline
3.1 Human Genetics
3.2 Cells of the Nervous System
3.3 Parts of the Nervous System
3.4 The Brain and Spinal Cord
3.5 The Endocrine System
Introduction
Have you ever taken a device apart to find out how it works? Many of us have done so, whether to attempt
a repair or simply to satisfy our curiosity. A device’s internal workings are often distinct from its user
interface on the outside. For example, we don’t think about microchips and circuits when we turn up
the volume on a mobile phone; instead, we think about getting the volume just right. Similarly, the inner
workings of the human body are often distinct from the external expression of those workings. It is the
job of psychologists to find the connection between these—for example, to figure out how the firings of
millions of neurons become a thought.
This chapter strives to explain the biological mechanisms that underlie behavior. These physiological and
anatomical foundations are the basis for many areas of psychology. In this chapter, you will learn how
genetics influence both physiological and psychological traits. You will become familiar with the structure
and function of the nervous system. And, finally, you will learn how the nervous system interacts with the
endocrine system.
Chapter 3 | Biopsychology 73
3.1 Human Genetics
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Explain the basic principles of the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Describe the differences between genotype and phenotype
• Discuss how gene-environment interactions are critical for expression of physical and
psychological characteristics
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the biological basis that contributes
to certain behaviors. While all humans share certain biological mechanisms, we are each unique. And
while our bodies have many of the same parts—brains and hormones and cells with genetic codes—these
are expressed in a wide variety of behaviors, thoughts, and reactions.
Why do two people infected by the same disease have different outcomes: one surviving and one
succumbing to the ailment? How are genetic diseases passed through family lines? Are there genetic
components to psychological disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia? To what extent might there
be a psychological basis to health conditions such as childhood obesity?
To e ...
Chapter3
The document discusses several topics related to the influence of nature and nurture on human diversity and development, including:
- Behavioral genetics research on the heritability of traits using twin and adoption studies.
- Evolutionary psychology perspectives on how natural selection may have influenced certain human behaviors and preferences.
- The role of parents, peers, and culture in influencing development through early experiences and socialization across different groups.
- Similarities and differences in areas like gender, temperament, and brain development that have genetic and environmental influences.
how do organisms reproduce
This biology project document contains information on various topics related to reproduction and heredity. It discusses contraceptive methods, the process of sperm fertilizing an egg in the mother's womb, and Mendel's laws of inheritance. Mendel's laws include the law of dominance, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. The document also contains sections on managing waste and the importance of proper waste disposal.
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EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE UNIFYING THEME OF LIFE
The document outlines 10 unifying themes in biology:
1. Biological systems have organization across multiple scales from populations to ecosystems.
2. New properties emerge at each level of the biological hierarchy from atoms to biosphere.
3. Structure and function are directly related from cells to organisms, with structures determining functions.
4. Reproduction and inheritance involve sexual reproduction and inheritance of traits from parents via DNA.
5. Life requires energy transfer and transformation from the sun into usable forms.
6. Organisms interact continuously with their environment and other organisms through processes like photosynthesis.
7. Organisms maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments through feedback mechanisms.
8. Evolution and
Biological Foundations
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 3 of the textbook "How Children Develop" regarding the influence of nature and nurture on development. It discusses how both genetic and environmental factors shape individuals' characteristics in complex ways. Specific topics covered include brain development, the interplay between genes and the environment, sensitive periods of development, the importance of experience in shaping the brain, and physical growth patterns in children.
CHAPTER4The-Biological-And-Environmental-Causes-of-DisabilitiesMgaPogiNagPres...
The document discusses the biological and environmental causes of developmental disabilities. It covers basic concepts of human reproduction including heredity, genes, DNA, and chromosomes. It also explains principles of genetic determination such as dominant-recessive genes, sex-linked genes, and polygenic inheritance. The three phases of prenatal development - germinal, embryonic, and fetal - are summarized, along with key processes during each phase and what can go wrong to cause developmental disabilities.
Heredity and evolution.pdf
Heredity refers to the genetic traits passed down from parents to offspring. Traits can be physical characteristics like eye color or diseases. Genetics is the study of heredity and variations. Gregor Mendel conducted experiments in the 19th century that showed traits are passed to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) rather than a blending of parents' traits. His work established the foundations of classical genetics, including the laws of segregation, dominance and independent assortment.
Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
This document provides an overview of a course on the genetic and evolutionary roots of behavior. It covers several key topics:
1. Genetics including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genetic transmission, and genetic influences on traits.
2. Evolution by natural selection, including concepts like adaptation, mutations, and the focus on proximate and ultimate causes in evolutionary psychology.
3. The genetics and evolution of behavior, exploring topics like behavior genetics, heritability estimates from twin studies, and how both genes and environment influence traits. Specific examples like intelligence and sexuality are discussed.
Child develpment, chapter 3, paduano
The document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on child development, genetics, and the prenatal environment. It discusses how genetics and the environment interact to influence human traits and characteristics. It covers topics like fertilization, fetal development, inherited disorders, genetic testing, and threats to healthy prenatal development like a mother's diet and age.
Lecture4 psych125 bunge
This document discusses genetic and environmental influences on early brain development. It begins by defining key terms like morphogens, transcription factors, and transcription/translation. It then discusses how protein gradients form in embryos through diffusion of maternal mRNA and proteins. Specific morphogens like Bicoid and Sonic hedgehog are discussed. The role of Hox genes and developmental regulatory genes in patterning embryos is covered. The document emphasizes that both genes and the environment through epigenetics influence phenotypes. Prenatal factors like nutrients can impact brain development through epigenetic modifications.
OPTION A
Scientists are using new technologies like fMRI to study how the brain is affected by experiences like learning a new language or playing video games. Animal models and human studies show that the brain remains plastic throughout life, changing with new experiences. Research on neurogenesis and neural communication has provided insights into development and learning. Studies on animal behavior have also helped explain behaviors and how animals survive.
Life & Purpose
What's the difference between nonlife and life? A biologist reflects on the qualities that define life.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Similar to Pinel basics ch01 (20)
Chapter 2The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
Chapter 2The Genetic and Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
Chapter 3BiopsychologyFigure 3.1 Different brain imagi.docx
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Pinel basics ch15
The document discusses psychiatric disorders and their relationship to biological factors in the brain. It covers several key points:
1) Psychiatric disorders are influenced by both biological and experiential factors, and the underlying brain dysfunctions are still being identified, though treatments indicate biological causes.
2) Conditions like schizophrenia and affective/mood disorders show clear genetic components and responses to drug treatments targeting neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, supporting a biological basis.
3) Bringing new drugs to treat these disorders to market can be a long process, raising questions about how much society relies on pharmaceutical solutions.
Pinel basics ch14
The document summarizes research on language lateralization and processing in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It discusses how damage to different areas like Broca's area and Wernicke's area can cause different language deficits. It also covers split-brain patients and research showing the hemispheres can function independently. Functional brain imaging research suggests language activation is widespread and varied rather than localized to specific areas.
Pinel basics ch13
Health psychology focuses on how psychological factors impact physical health. Addiction involves tolerance, dependence, and continued use despite consequences. The brain's dopamine system is involved in addiction, signaling reward and craving. Chronic stress can impair immune function and increase disease risk by activating stress responses. Emotions involve the amygdala and other brain regions, and fear conditioning demonstrates the amygdala's role in processing fearful stimuli.
Pinel basics ch12
- Most adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Sleep has important biological functions including restoring homeostasis and physiological processes that occur in sleep cycles.
- Sleep is regulated by circadian rhythms controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus and influenced by environmental cues like light and dark cycles. Disruptions to circadian rhythms can cause issues like jet lag.
- Sleep deprivation negatively impacts cognitive performance and mood, with effects accumulating over time without sleep. However, studies have shown some ability of the brain to adapt to long-term sleep reductions.
Pinel basics ch11
The document summarizes key concepts about hormones and sexual development in humans:
1. Sexual development is influenced by sex hormones both developmentally and activationally, with developmental effects organizing anatomical structures and activation effects triggering reproductive behaviors in adults.
2. The gonads and adrenal cortex produce sex hormones like androgens, estrogens, and progestins that influence development. The pituitary gland regulates other glands through releasing hormones.
3. Whether sexual development follows a male or female pattern is determined by sex chromosomes and hormones like testosterone and estradiol during early development in the womb and first few months after birth.
Pinel basics ch10
The document discusses theories of hunger, eating behaviors, and body weight regulation. It describes several factors that influence eating behaviors, including physiological hunger and satiety signals, learned food preferences, social and environmental cues. The dominant theories of a body weight "set point" are challenged, as factors like eating disorders, diet trends, and modern food environments contradict evolutionary models. New perspectives emphasize positive incentives for eating driven by food pleasure rather than just energy needs.
Pinel basics ch09
The document discusses learning, memory, and amnesia by examining several case studies and research findings. It summarizes the case of patient H.M., who developed severe anterograde amnesia after temporal lobe removal. Studies on H.M. showed that the medial temporal lobes are involved in memory formation and that short-term and long-term memory are separate. The document also discusses other forms of amnesia and their neural bases, such as Korsakoff's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and post-traumatic amnesia. It examines the role of the hippocampus in memory consolidation and object recognition. Memory is thought to be stored diffusely throughout the brain in the structures involved in initial encoding
Pinel basics ch08
The document discusses brain damage and neuroplasticity. It covers various causes of brain damage including brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders like stroke, closed-head injuries, infections, neurotoxins, and genetic factors. It then discusses specific neuropsychological diseases like epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. It also covers animal models used to study these conditions and different ways the brain can respond to damage through degeneration, regeneration, reorganization, and recovery.
Pinel basics ch07
The document discusses neural development from fertilization through childhood. It describes the major phases of development including induction of the neural plate, proliferation, migration, aggregation, axon growth and synapse formation. It also discusses the impact of experience and deprivation on development through cases like Genie, and explores disorders like autism and Williams syndrome.
Pinel basics ch06
The document discusses the sensorimotor system and how it allows humans to perform voluntary movements and actions. It covers several key points:
1) The sensorimotor system is hierarchically organized, with the association cortex at the highest level and muscles at the lowest level. Signals flow between levels over multiple parallel paths.
2) Two major areas of the sensorimotor association cortex are the posterior parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The posterior parietal cortex integrates sensory information and outputs to the motor cortex.
3) Damage to the posterior parietal area can cause apraxia or contralateral neglect. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex evaluates stimuli and initiates
Pinel basics ch04
This document summarizes key aspects of human vision and visual processing. It discusses how light enters the eye and is transduced by photoreceptors into neural signals. It describes the retinal pathways and processing in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex. Key topics covered include receptive field properties, color vision theories, and cortical organization principles like retinotopic mapping and columns.
Pinel basics ch03
The document summarizes various techniques used to study neural activity in the brain. It describes how neurons function through ion gradients and action potentials. It then outlines different methods researchers use to examine the brain, including stereotaxic surgery, lesion methods, stimulation and recording techniques, pharmacological manipulation, and brain imaging tools like fMRI. Genetic engineering methods are also briefly discussed to provide insight into gene functions.
Chapter 13 Lecture Disco 4e
The document provides an overview of several topics related to psychological disorders, including:
1) It describes diagnostic categories in the DSM-IV-TR manual such as impulse-control disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.
2) It discusses the prevalence of psychological disorders and treatment-seeking behavior. Many people experience symptoms but do not seek treatment.
3) It outlines several types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. It also describes posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and mood disorders.
Chapter 14 Lecture Disco 4e
There are two main types of therapy: psychotherapy which uses psychological techniques to treat mental health issues, and biomedical therapy which uses medications and medical interventions. Psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud is based on understanding repressed unconscious conflicts through techniques like free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of transference in therapy. Modern therapies are generally shorter-term and more goal-oriented than traditional psychoanalysis. Behavioral therapy uses principles of conditioning to change maladaptive behaviors, while cognitive-behavioral therapy integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques. Psychotherapy has been shown to be more effective than no treatment, and the specific type of therapy is generally less important than the therapeutic relationship.
Chapter 12 Lecture Disco 4e
The document discusses stress, health, and coping. It defines stress and identifies common stressors like life changes, daily hassles, and catastrophes. It describes the biopsychosocial model of health and explains how biological, psychological, and social factors interact to influence health. Stress can indirectly impact health through unhealthy behaviors and directly impact the body through changes in functions. The general adaptation syndrome describes the body's three stage response to stress. Stress influences the immune system and chronic stress tends to suppress immunity. Psychological and social factors like perceived control, social support, and coping strategies also impact how stress affects health.
Chapter 11 Lecture Disco 4e
Social psychology is the study of how people think, feel, and behave in social situations. Key concepts include person perception, attribution, attitudes, stereotypes, conformity, obedience, and helping behaviors. Studies have shown that people conform to group pressures even when the group is clearly wrong, and will obey authority figures instructing them to harm others.
Chapter 9 Lecture Disco 4e
Chapter 9 discusses lifespan development from a psychological perspective. It focuses on how biological, social, cognitive, and personality development change over time from infancy to late adulthood. Key issues discussed include nature vs nurture influences, continuity vs stage theories of development, and critical periods of development. Piaget's stages of cognitive development and Erikson's psychosocial stages are also summarized.
Chapter 10 Lecture Disco 4e
This document provides an overview of several major theories of personality including psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, social cognitive theory, and trait theories. It discusses key concepts from each approach such as the id, ego, and superego from Freudian psychoanalysis. It also evaluates the approaches in terms of empirical evidence, testability, and other factors. Common personality assessment techniques like projective tests and self-report inventories are briefly described.
Chapter 8 Lecture Disco 4e
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Chapter 7 Lecture Disco 4e
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to thinking, language, and intelligence:
1) It discusses different types of concepts, problem solving strategies, insight, intuition, and mental sets.
2) It also covers language and its relationship to thinking, communication in animals, and theories of intelligence including multiple intelligences.
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For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.June Patch Tuesday
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
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