This document provides information on physical and cognitive development during adolescence. It discusses the stages of puberty for both boys and girls, including physical and hormonal changes. It also covers some threats to adolescent well-being such as obesity, eating disorders, dropping out of school, drug and alcohol use, and sexually transmitted infections. The document describes factors that can contribute to the development of eating disorders in adolescents and the health consequences of anorexia, bulimia, drug dependence, and addiction.
Children in middle childhood experience significant physical and cognitive development. Physically, they grow taller and gain weight each year. Cognitively, they progress from concrete to more abstract thought and gain logical reasoning abilities. Socially, they form close friendships and develop a sense of self through comparisons to peers. However, issues like bullying, obesity, and low self-esteem can negatively impact development during these years.
Concept 'adulthood' (three phases: early, middle and late adulthood); Developmental aspects of early adulthood, cognitive development during early adulthood, personality and social development during early adulthood, Personality development, cognitive development (memory and intelligence); Social and Emotional development.
Adolescence involves significant physical, cognitive, and social development. Puberty brings sexual maturation between ages 11-13 which includes growth of sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics. Brain development allows for advanced reasoning and abstract thought. Socially, adolescents develop a stronger sense of identity and morality as they establish independence from parents and bond with peers. They transition into emerging adulthood between 18-25 where they live independently while attending college or working.
Adolescence is a time of significant brain development and maturation. Changes in the prefrontal cortex during this period can impact risk-taking behavior, attention, and motivation in teenagers. Studies show the prefrontal cortex, which regulates cognitive control and decision making, continues developing into a person's 20s. As a result, teenagers may engage in more impulsive and reward-seeking behavior compared to adults due to an imbalance between developing brain regions. However, with age the prefrontal cortex matures and allows for better regulation of behavior and attention.
Chapters 7 and 8 life span development.pptxwindleh
The document provides an overview of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development in preschool-aged children (ages 2-6). Some key points include:
- Children experience significant physical growth and motor skill development during this period.
- Piaget's stage of preoperational thinking is characterized by egocentrism and inability to take others' perspectives.
- Children develop self-concepts and awareness of gender roles and racial/ethnic differences.
- Social learning, play, and parenting styles influence cognitive and social-emotional development.
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
The document discusses emotional development during adolescence, noting that emotions often define this period of life and that most teenagers cope with changes in emotionally positive ways. It explores common emotional patterns among adolescents, like differing responses to stimuli compared to children, and factors that can cause emotional tension such as school, peer pressure, and family issues. The document also examines the expression of emotions like love, happiness, curiosity, anger, and envy during adolescence as well as signs of emotional maturity.
This document discusses emerging adulthood, which refers to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood between ages 18-25. It describes key features of emerging adulthood including identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling "in-between" adolescence and adulthood, and maintaining an optimistic view of future possibilities. Physical and health-related changes during this period are also outlined such as declining physical performance after age 30, increased health risks, issues around weight and eating habits, benefits of regular exercise, and risks of substance abuse. Sexual development including attitudes, behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections are also covered.
Children in middle childhood experience significant physical and cognitive development. Physically, they grow taller and gain weight each year. Cognitively, they progress from concrete to more abstract thought and gain logical reasoning abilities. Socially, they form close friendships and develop a sense of self through comparisons to peers. However, issues like bullying, obesity, and low self-esteem can negatively impact development during these years.
Concept 'adulthood' (three phases: early, middle and late adulthood); Developmental aspects of early adulthood, cognitive development during early adulthood, personality and social development during early adulthood, Personality development, cognitive development (memory and intelligence); Social and Emotional development.
Adolescence involves significant physical, cognitive, and social development. Puberty brings sexual maturation between ages 11-13 which includes growth of sexual organs and secondary sex characteristics. Brain development allows for advanced reasoning and abstract thought. Socially, adolescents develop a stronger sense of identity and morality as they establish independence from parents and bond with peers. They transition into emerging adulthood between 18-25 where they live independently while attending college or working.
Adolescence is a time of significant brain development and maturation. Changes in the prefrontal cortex during this period can impact risk-taking behavior, attention, and motivation in teenagers. Studies show the prefrontal cortex, which regulates cognitive control and decision making, continues developing into a person's 20s. As a result, teenagers may engage in more impulsive and reward-seeking behavior compared to adults due to an imbalance between developing brain regions. However, with age the prefrontal cortex matures and allows for better regulation of behavior and attention.
Chapters 7 and 8 life span development.pptxwindleh
The document provides an overview of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development in preschool-aged children (ages 2-6). Some key points include:
- Children experience significant physical growth and motor skill development during this period.
- Piaget's stage of preoperational thinking is characterized by egocentrism and inability to take others' perspectives.
- Children develop self-concepts and awareness of gender roles and racial/ethnic differences.
- Social learning, play, and parenting styles influence cognitive and social-emotional development.
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
The document discusses emotional development during adolescence, noting that emotions often define this period of life and that most teenagers cope with changes in emotionally positive ways. It explores common emotional patterns among adolescents, like differing responses to stimuli compared to children, and factors that can cause emotional tension such as school, peer pressure, and family issues. The document also examines the expression of emotions like love, happiness, curiosity, anger, and envy during adolescence as well as signs of emotional maturity.
This document discusses emerging adulthood, which refers to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood between ages 18-25. It describes key features of emerging adulthood including identity explorations, instability, self-focus, feeling "in-between" adolescence and adulthood, and maintaining an optimistic view of future possibilities. Physical and health-related changes during this period are also outlined such as declining physical performance after age 30, increased health risks, issues around weight and eating habits, benefits of regular exercise, and risks of substance abuse. Sexual development including attitudes, behaviors, and sexually transmitted infections are also covered.
Adolescence occurs between puberty and legal adulthood, typically between ages 12-19. It involves physical, psychological, and social changes. Physically, adolescents experience puberty and rapid growth. Psychologically, they develop a separate identity from parents and form new relationships. Their cognitive abilities also advance to think more abstractly. Socially, peer relationships become important and they gain independence from family. This stage presents both opportunities and hazards as adolescents adjust to these significant developmental changes.
The document discusses adolescent brain development and its implications. It notes that the prefrontal cortex, responsible for reasoning and problem solving, develops last. During adolescence, the brain undergoes synaptic pruning and myelination in the frontal lobes. This results in improved abstract thinking abilities but also impaired emotional control and judgment. Teens may engage in risky behavior due to a less developed prefrontal cortex. The document emphasizes the importance of supporting adolescent well-being, competence, confidence, connections, character and sleep for healthy development.
"The development tasks of the infant; Motor development; Perceptual development; Language development; Social development; the concept 'attachment': phases of attachment, types of attachment, factors influencing attachment (The mother’s personality, Her general attitude towards children, The quality of the marital relationship, The attitude of her husband towards the child and Her socio-economic situation); the role of the father; The role of care-givers and siblings; Stranger anxiety during infancy; Separation anxiety during infancy; Socialization process during infancy and Parental influence .
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT AND THEIR SPECIAL NEEDSRitu Gahlawat
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, social and emotional development between childhood and adulthood. Puberty involves physical changes like growth spurts and development of secondary sex characteristics due to hormonal changes. Adolescents experience biological changes, cognitive development allowing for abstract thought, formation of identity, and changes in relationships with peers and family. Their nutritional, health, and mental health needs are greater during this period of transition to adulthood.
The very brief slide-show looks at the physical, sexual, intellectual, moral and social developments we parents need to be aware of in our adolescent kids.
Adolescence describes the transitional period from childhood to adulthood between ages 13-19. During this time, adolescents experience significant physical changes through puberty and work to develop their identity and independence. They begin to separate from parents and form close relationships with peers, who can influence their behavior and risk-taking. It is important that parents educate adolescents about safety, sexuality and healthy development during this transition to adulthood.
http://tbwanyplanning.tumblr.com/
Who are Emerging Adults? Those 18-30s who are in limbo between adult responsibility and autonomy and parental dependency. Have a job but still get $ from parents. Unemployed after college and still living with parents but “trying to find their calling”. Working a temporary job while they “figure it out”.
http://tbwanyplanning.tumblr.com/
Provide honest information to their
questions, and listen without judgment. Help
them understand this as a normal developmental
process. Plan co-ed activities to allow socializing.
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, sexual, social and emotional changes between ages 11-19. It involves transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Common issues during this stage include mood swings, peer influence, experimentation with risky behaviors like drugs/alcohol, and developing identity and independence from parents. Parents can help by educating themselves, communicating openly with their teen, and setting clear rules and boundaries while also giving them privacy and independence.
Young adulthood brings changes in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Physically, most young adults are healthy but also face increased risks from accidents, obesity, inactivity, substance abuse, and sexually transmitted diseases. Cognitively, reflective thinking emerges along with more complex postformal thought. Psychosocially, young adults transition to independence, form adult relationships with parents, develop identities, and build intimacy in relationships. Their education and work also influence development during these transitional years.
For B.Ed. 1st yr paper childhood and growing up of MDU,ROHTAK.
HUMAN BEING PASSES VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT FROM INFANCY TO ADULTHOOD HAVING PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
c
The adolescent brain is best described as a work in progress. Our brains are about 90-95% of their maximum size by the time we are 6 years old, but they are definitely not finished changing! Massive changes continue to occur over the next 15-20 years, as connections within the brain are strengthened and refined. Adolescent brain development can be divided into three processes: proliferation, pruning and myelination.
During middle childhood from ages 6 to 12, children experience steady physical growth and cognitive development. Physically, children gain height and weight each year, leading boys and girls to different activities. Cognitively, children develop concrete operational thinking and can reason logically about real events. Key developmental milestones include inductive and deductive logic. Children also develop learning disabilities or conditions like ADHD. Socially and personality-wise, children form peer relationships and a sense of industry, along with developing a psychological self-concept and self-esteem through social comparisons.
This document discusses several key aspects of early adulthood and relationships during this period. It establishes that early adulthood is a time for exploring relationships and committing to partners through activities like dating, cohabitation, and marriage. Effective communication, managing conflicts, sharing household responsibilities, and developing intimacy are important for relationship satisfaction and adjustment during this stage of life. Dual-earner marriages in particular require redefining traditional gender roles and finding a balance of demands between partners.
This document discusses adolescent mental health and development. It defines adolescence as the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid brain growth. The adolescent brain develops in all areas as grey matter increases and pruning occurs to strengthen connectivity. While memory, language, reasoning and social skills improve during adolescence, difficulties with emotion regulation, reward-seeking, planning and an obsession with self can also occur due to neural and hormonal changes. Many social and organizational factors impact adolescent mental health and present barriers to receiving needed support.
Introductory Psychology: Development I (Prenatal & Child)Brian Piper
lecture 22 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, prenatal & postnatal, Piaget
This document discusses key transitions and developments that occur during early adulthood between ages 20-40. It covers social changes like following a typical "social clock" of life experiences. Friendships tend to be stronger for women than men. Marriage remains important, though people marry later. Parenting styles like permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian are outlined. Careers are discussed, noting women often have more discontinuous paths. Maintaining work-life balance is important for both employees and employers. Physical abilities peak during early adulthood. Reflections consider applying this knowledge to one's own life path and challenges of early adulthood.
Adolescence: The concept adolescence and the developmental tasks; Processes involved in the adolescent stage of human development; cognitive development during adolescence; personality development during adolescence; social development during adolescence; parent-adolescent relationships, the peer group, romantic relationships.
The Adolescent Years (group 12-Balate, Bajao and Tuvida)vaneza22
This document discusses adolescence and the physical, emotional, social, and developmental changes that occur during this period. It covers the following key points:
Adolescence spans from ages 13-18 and involves physical, psychological and social transitions from childhood to adulthood. During this time, adolescents experience rapid physical growth and sexual maturation, heightened emotions, increased peer influence, and a search for identity. They face developmental tasks such as developing relationships, maintaining health, becoming independent, and preparing for the future. The document outlines characteristics, challenges and changes that take place during the adolescent years.
This document discusses emotional and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers key theorists like Erik Erikson and describes developmental milestones at each stage, including the development of emotions, social skills, autonomy and self-concept. Cultural influences and gender differences are also addressed. Challenges like aggression, fears, bullying and family crises are explored, emphasizing the importance of supportive caregivers in fostering healthy development.
Adolescent motivation- Dr Vijay SardanaVijay Sardana
The document discusses adolescent motivation and development. It covers physical, psychological, and social changes during adolescence. Family plays an important role in adolescent development through conditioning. Motivation comes from internal and external factors like mastery goals, social support, and self-esteem. Critical thinking and persistence are important for success. Parents should support adolescents without pressure or comparison.
The document discusses several topics related to family relationships and adolescent development. It addresses how parents change during midlife, transformations in family relations as adolescents mature, different parenting styles and their effects, and how families are changing in modern society. Key factors that influence adolescent development include parental relationships, economic stress, divorce, remarriage, and parental employment. Overall, supportive family relationships promote healthier adolescent adjustment.
Adolescence occurs between puberty and legal adulthood, typically between ages 12-19. It involves physical, psychological, and social changes. Physically, adolescents experience puberty and rapid growth. Psychologically, they develop a separate identity from parents and form new relationships. Their cognitive abilities also advance to think more abstractly. Socially, peer relationships become important and they gain independence from family. This stage presents both opportunities and hazards as adolescents adjust to these significant developmental changes.
The document discusses adolescent brain development and its implications. It notes that the prefrontal cortex, responsible for reasoning and problem solving, develops last. During adolescence, the brain undergoes synaptic pruning and myelination in the frontal lobes. This results in improved abstract thinking abilities but also impaired emotional control and judgment. Teens may engage in risky behavior due to a less developed prefrontal cortex. The document emphasizes the importance of supporting adolescent well-being, competence, confidence, connections, character and sleep for healthy development.
"The development tasks of the infant; Motor development; Perceptual development; Language development; Social development; the concept 'attachment': phases of attachment, types of attachment, factors influencing attachment (The mother’s personality, Her general attitude towards children, The quality of the marital relationship, The attitude of her husband towards the child and Her socio-economic situation); the role of the father; The role of care-givers and siblings; Stranger anxiety during infancy; Separation anxiety during infancy; Socialization process during infancy and Parental influence .
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT AND THEIR SPECIAL NEEDSRitu Gahlawat
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, social and emotional development between childhood and adulthood. Puberty involves physical changes like growth spurts and development of secondary sex characteristics due to hormonal changes. Adolescents experience biological changes, cognitive development allowing for abstract thought, formation of identity, and changes in relationships with peers and family. Their nutritional, health, and mental health needs are greater during this period of transition to adulthood.
The very brief slide-show looks at the physical, sexual, intellectual, moral and social developments we parents need to be aware of in our adolescent kids.
Adolescence describes the transitional period from childhood to adulthood between ages 13-19. During this time, adolescents experience significant physical changes through puberty and work to develop their identity and independence. They begin to separate from parents and form close relationships with peers, who can influence their behavior and risk-taking. It is important that parents educate adolescents about safety, sexuality and healthy development during this transition to adulthood.
http://tbwanyplanning.tumblr.com/
Who are Emerging Adults? Those 18-30s who are in limbo between adult responsibility and autonomy and parental dependency. Have a job but still get $ from parents. Unemployed after college and still living with parents but “trying to find their calling”. Working a temporary job while they “figure it out”.
http://tbwanyplanning.tumblr.com/
Provide honest information to their
questions, and listen without judgment. Help
them understand this as a normal developmental
process. Plan co-ed activities to allow socializing.
Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, sexual, social and emotional changes between ages 11-19. It involves transitioning from childhood to adulthood. Common issues during this stage include mood swings, peer influence, experimentation with risky behaviors like drugs/alcohol, and developing identity and independence from parents. Parents can help by educating themselves, communicating openly with their teen, and setting clear rules and boundaries while also giving them privacy and independence.
Young adulthood brings changes in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. Physically, most young adults are healthy but also face increased risks from accidents, obesity, inactivity, substance abuse, and sexually transmitted diseases. Cognitively, reflective thinking emerges along with more complex postformal thought. Psychosocially, young adults transition to independence, form adult relationships with parents, develop identities, and build intimacy in relationships. Their education and work also influence development during these transitional years.
For B.Ed. 1st yr paper childhood and growing up of MDU,ROHTAK.
HUMAN BEING PASSES VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT FROM INFANCY TO ADULTHOOD HAVING PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
c
The adolescent brain is best described as a work in progress. Our brains are about 90-95% of their maximum size by the time we are 6 years old, but they are definitely not finished changing! Massive changes continue to occur over the next 15-20 years, as connections within the brain are strengthened and refined. Adolescent brain development can be divided into three processes: proliferation, pruning and myelination.
During middle childhood from ages 6 to 12, children experience steady physical growth and cognitive development. Physically, children gain height and weight each year, leading boys and girls to different activities. Cognitively, children develop concrete operational thinking and can reason logically about real events. Key developmental milestones include inductive and deductive logic. Children also develop learning disabilities or conditions like ADHD. Socially and personality-wise, children form peer relationships and a sense of industry, along with developing a psychological self-concept and self-esteem through social comparisons.
This document discusses several key aspects of early adulthood and relationships during this period. It establishes that early adulthood is a time for exploring relationships and committing to partners through activities like dating, cohabitation, and marriage. Effective communication, managing conflicts, sharing household responsibilities, and developing intimacy are important for relationship satisfaction and adjustment during this stage of life. Dual-earner marriages in particular require redefining traditional gender roles and finding a balance of demands between partners.
This document discusses adolescent mental health and development. It defines adolescence as the transitional period between childhood and adulthood, characterized by rapid brain growth. The adolescent brain develops in all areas as grey matter increases and pruning occurs to strengthen connectivity. While memory, language, reasoning and social skills improve during adolescence, difficulties with emotion regulation, reward-seeking, planning and an obsession with self can also occur due to neural and hormonal changes. Many social and organizational factors impact adolescent mental health and present barriers to receiving needed support.
Introductory Psychology: Development I (Prenatal & Child)Brian Piper
lecture 22 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, prenatal & postnatal, Piaget
This document discusses key transitions and developments that occur during early adulthood between ages 20-40. It covers social changes like following a typical "social clock" of life experiences. Friendships tend to be stronger for women than men. Marriage remains important, though people marry later. Parenting styles like permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian are outlined. Careers are discussed, noting women often have more discontinuous paths. Maintaining work-life balance is important for both employees and employers. Physical abilities peak during early adulthood. Reflections consider applying this knowledge to one's own life path and challenges of early adulthood.
Adolescence: The concept adolescence and the developmental tasks; Processes involved in the adolescent stage of human development; cognitive development during adolescence; personality development during adolescence; social development during adolescence; parent-adolescent relationships, the peer group, romantic relationships.
The Adolescent Years (group 12-Balate, Bajao and Tuvida)vaneza22
This document discusses adolescence and the physical, emotional, social, and developmental changes that occur during this period. It covers the following key points:
Adolescence spans from ages 13-18 and involves physical, psychological and social transitions from childhood to adulthood. During this time, adolescents experience rapid physical growth and sexual maturation, heightened emotions, increased peer influence, and a search for identity. They face developmental tasks such as developing relationships, maintaining health, becoming independent, and preparing for the future. The document outlines characteristics, challenges and changes that take place during the adolescent years.
This document discusses emotional and psychological development from infancy through middle childhood. It covers key theorists like Erik Erikson and describes developmental milestones at each stage, including the development of emotions, social skills, autonomy and self-concept. Cultural influences and gender differences are also addressed. Challenges like aggression, fears, bullying and family crises are explored, emphasizing the importance of supportive caregivers in fostering healthy development.
Adolescent motivation- Dr Vijay SardanaVijay Sardana
The document discusses adolescent motivation and development. It covers physical, psychological, and social changes during adolescence. Family plays an important role in adolescent development through conditioning. Motivation comes from internal and external factors like mastery goals, social support, and self-esteem. Critical thinking and persistence are important for success. Parents should support adolescents without pressure or comparison.
The document discusses several topics related to family relationships and adolescent development. It addresses how parents change during midlife, transformations in family relations as adolescents mature, different parenting styles and their effects, and how families are changing in modern society. Key factors that influence adolescent development include parental relationships, economic stress, divorce, remarriage, and parental employment. Overall, supportive family relationships promote healthier adolescent adjustment.
This document discusses factors that affect the development of self-esteem in adolescents. It identifies transitions to new schools, puberty and hormonal changes, physical appearance, family and social acceptance, lack of academic or athletic success, and lack of social identity as key influences. The document provides advice on improving self-esteem, such as finding enjoyable activities, avoiding comparisons, helping others, and believing in oneself despite failures. Maintaining a positive self-image is important during the challenging period of adolescence.
The document summarizes and critiques several models of sexual identity development including those proposed by Fassinger, Cass, and D'Augelli. It notes that the models were based primarily on white gay males and don't adequately represent diverse experiences. The document also discusses how today's youth may define and experience sexuality differently than past generations, often developing attractions earlier and without strict labels. It calls for expanding models to better incorporate bisexuality and cultural influences.
Development of self and social cognitionTerrie Loye
The document discusses the development of self and social cognition from childhood through adolescence. It covers key topics like the emergence of self-awareness in infants, the role of social comparisons and feedback from others in developing self-concept, and changes in self-esteem and identity formation during middle childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. Erikson's psychosocial stages of development and Marcia's identity statuses are also referenced in relation to forming a sense of self across one's lifespan.
I created this to ultimately present to my Child Life department at the hospital I work at in order to raise awareness of the importance of peer support to the sick and hospitalized adolescent. Perhaps there will be further development of this type of program where I work. Hope you enjoy!
The document discusses adolescence, defining it as the period from ages 12 to 19. It notes that adolescence is characterized by rapid physical, mental, emotional, social, and sexual development. Some of the key issues faced during adolescence include problems related to rapid growth, sex education, emotional instability, independence, lack of maturity, insecurity, and adjusting to social values. The document concludes by outlining several educational implications for adolescents, such as providing a suitable learning environment, guidance, sex education, opportunities for co-curricular activities, and training of emotions.
This document discusses developing a winning personality and approach to life. It defines personality development as an integrated organization of physical, emotional, intellectual, social, psychological and spiritual characteristics that is an ongoing process of developing skills, attitudes and knowledge. It then outlines 24 characteristics or "carats" that comprise a winning personality, such as being yourself, having a positive attitude, overcoming guilt and worry, having clear goals, and continuously improving yourself. The document encourages developing an action plan and notes that success is a journey that requires focused effort rather than luck.
This document discusses emotional development during adolescence. It explains that emotional development involves establishing a coherent sense of identity through relating to others and managing emotions and stress. It also discusses developing self-concept and self-esteem, dealing with low self-esteem, raising self-esteem, and tips for talking with adolescents. Finally, it covers Daniel Goleman's five dimensions of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills.
Second ppt of adolescence development. This power-point will brings you scope of adolescent. There are 6 aspects of adolescence development: physics, emotions, personal, cognitive, psychosocial, moral and value.
This document provides an overview of physical, cognitive, social, and personality development that occurs during adolescence. It discusses the physical changes of puberty for both girls and boys, as well as potential health issues adolescents may face such as obesity, eating disorders, drug and alcohol use, smoking, and sexually transmitted infections. It also reviews key legal issues and privileges involved with reaching adulthood.
This chapter discusses the physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that occur during adolescence. It covers puberty and sexual maturation, nutrition and health issues like obesity and eating disorders, stress and coping mechanisms, risks like substance abuse, and sexually transmitted infections. The chapter examines both the challenges and opportunities of adolescent development.
This chapter discusses the physical, cognitive, and emotional changes that occur during adolescence. It covers puberty and sexual maturation, nutrition and health issues like obesity and eating disorders, stress and coping mechanisms, risks like substance abuse, and sexually transmitted infections. The chapter examines both the challenges of this developmental period and strategies to promote well-being.
This presentation about mental health, Factor Affecting the Health, Mental illness, Psychological and physiological symptoms of mental disorders,Common mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, addictive behaviors and Alzheimer’s disease), prevention and promotion program, Types of behavioral therapy, Factors contribute to the achievement of mental health.
mental health mo na na na na na na song lyrics pikit naman e 😭 and i don't ha...MauriaPaglicawan
hey I got a gf like a nice sleep well I love love love you too I will be there in about kay king of the world baby I love love love e a lot of education phone ko sa'kin mahal just want to say na Miata na nga po ako ng pagkain ko mahal e and ako na na song lyrics 'no ba 'yan mahal e a nice sleep well I love love love again aaaaaaa hugs and prayers to say na Miata na nga po e poster ang ginawa mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa kanila at ihahatid pa kita kausap ay ay ay ay papi I can do that always mahal ha ha ha iloveyouuuuuuuuuu muchhh muchh tangiii always proud ang asawa mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na naman ako sa sarili mo na iloveyouuuuuuuuuu muchhh muchhh mahal e a lot
Adolescence is a developmental stage between childhood and adulthood characterized by physical maturation and changes in cognitive abilities. Puberty triggers extreme growth spurts and sexual maturation through secondary sex characteristics. While physical changes cause adjustments in body image and self-concept, cognitive development allows for more advanced thinking skills but also egocentrism. During this period of identity formation, teens face social pressures related to independence, relationships and worldviews that can threaten well-being through risky behaviors or conditions like depression.
The document discusses several topics related to growth, health habits, and risks during emerging adulthood including physical development, exercise, diet, risk-taking behaviors, and substance abuse. Key points include: emerging adults are in their physical prime but also engage in more risky behaviors; exercise and a healthy diet contribute to well-being while eating disorders and obesity can negatively impact health; risk-taking can have positive or negative outcomes depending on behaviors chosen; substance abuse and addiction are harmful but legal/illegal distinctions do not determine health effects.
This document summarizes key aspects of adolescent development from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. It discusses the rapid physical changes of puberty as well as important brain developments in regions responsible for emotional processing, pleasure-seeking, and executive functions. Psychosocial changes include developing reasoning skills and navigating new social roles and relationships. Health implications of this period include increased risk of mental health issues, substance abuse disorders, and diseases linked to risky behaviors. Factors influencing health behaviors are also examined.
Physical development peaks in early adulthood but then begins to gradually decline through middle adulthood. Changes include reductions in height, strength, vision, and hearing. Women experience menopause while men experience changes to their prostate. Chronic stress can negatively impact physical health and increase risks of diseases like heart disease and cancer. Maintaining an active lifestyle and healthy behaviors is important for maximizing wellness during these life stages.
1. The document discusses physical, cognitive, and social development that occurs during early adulthood, including reaching peak physical strength in the late 20s/early 30s and sensory acuity peaking in the early 20s.
2. It also covers common experiences during this period like attending college, adjusting to independence, and health/lifestyle factors such as nutrition, exercise, alcohol/smoking, and sexual relationships.
3. Coping mechanisms, adult thinking patterns, creativity, and challenges like disabilities or stress are additionally examined.
Snack N Yak 3 - Other Mental Health Related Concerns Handout - Snack N Yak 3Sarah Rach
The document discusses several mental health issues that commonly affect college students. It provides statistics and details on eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, which predominantly impact women. Substance abuse and its effects on individuals and society are reviewed. Post-traumatic stress disorder is explained, including what can cause it and its common signs and symptoms. Self-injury and sexual assault are also covered, outlining their emotional and psychological impacts. Treatment options discussed for various conditions include psychotherapy, medication, support groups, and self-care practices.
The document discusses physical, cognitive, and social development during adolescence. It covers changes in puberty like growth spurts and sexual maturation. It also discusses relationships, sexuality, health issues like STDs and obesity, cognitive changes, school performance, and risks like substance abuse.
The document discusses health, illness, and nutrition across the lifespan. It covers key topics like children's health issues like poverty and recommended immunizations. For adolescents, it discusses rising health risks from behaviors like substance use. Health challenges increase with age, such as disabilities, dementia, and nutrition issues in adulthood and aging. Maintaining exercise and a healthy lifestyle is important for physical and mental well-being at all stages of life.
We have discussed mental illness of men, women, and children and its causes, types, symptoms, treatments, conditions, and resources on the occasion of World Mental Health Day 10th October 2022
The document discusses eating disorders, including signs and symptoms, contributing biological and psychosocial factors, and treatment options and their high costs. Eating disorders are complex illnesses affected by genetics and environment. They disrupt individuals' lives and are often comorbid with other issues like depression. Treatment includes inpatient programs, therapy, and medication, but access is limited due to high costs averaging $60,000-$100,000. Social workers can help educate about disorders and advocate for treatment access and coverage.
Understanding the Health Problems, Risk Factors & Treatment in AdolescenceEPIC Health
Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood into adulthood - a phase of life when significant physical, psychological, emotional changes take place in our body and mind. Learn more about adolescence and health.
1) Early adulthood is a time of new commitments as young adults transition from dependence to independence and assume adult roles and responsibilities.
2) Physical development peaks in early adulthood but then begins a slow decline, while cognitive abilities remain strong but also start showing signs of decline.
3) Establishing intimate relationships and forming commitments to others through careers and families are important developmental tasks during this period.
This document summarizes facts and information about eating disorders. It states that 20 million women and 10 million men in the US will suffer from an eating disorder in their lifetime. Body dissatisfaction is a major risk factor and many girls as young as 6 express concerns about weight and shape. It describes the main types of eating disorders - anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding/eating disorders. It covers symptoms, health effects, contributing factors, treatment approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy and stages of recovery, and prevention strategies.
Prelim PDHPE-Core 1: Better Health for IndividualsVasiti Ratusau
The document discusses different conceptions of health and factors that influence individual health. It begins by explaining early definitions of health as merely the absence of disease but notes this view is too narrow. The document then outlines four dimensions of health - physical, social, mental/emotional, and spiritual. It describes health as a dynamic process influenced by both objective and subjective factors. Key determinants of individual health are identified as including genetics, environment, socioeconomic status, culture and behaviors.
Similar to Chapters 11 and 12 life span development (20)
This document discusses ePortfolios created by students at Upstate College of Health Professions. It explains that ePortfolios allow students to showcase their work, growth, and reflections over time. Students can include classwork, projects, presentations, feedback and anything else that defines them as health professionals. The document recommends using Google Sites to create ePortfolios as it is free and flexible. It provides examples of student ePortfolios and step-by-step instructions for setting up an ePortfolio on Google Sites.
Blended learning combines traditional face-to-face classroom methods with online activities and digital tools. It replaces some in-person seat time and activities with purposefully planned online equivalents. Instructors choose methods that suit each activity best to create flexible, accessible learning that leverages the strengths of in-person and online methods. Blended learning is not an opportunity for less work or involvement, but can increase student learning through improved pedagogy, greater access and flexibility, and more cost-effective education when implemented effectively. It allows for human interaction and participation at each learner's convenience across physical and digital spaces.
Intentional Course Design for Blended Learningwindleh
1. The document provides guidance on building an activity framework to map out the organization, learning outcomes, and assessments of a course.
2. It instructs the user to identify topics, learning outcomes, activities, and measurements on sticky notes and organize them visually.
3. The second part discusses considerations for redesigning learning activities for an online environment, such as which activities transfer well and which need redesign, as well as content order and how students will demonstrate learning.
The document discusses plans for migrating courses from the Blackboard learning management system (LMS) called ANGEL to a new LMS called Blackboard at SUNY Ulster. Key points include:
- Forming a migration steering committee with representatives from various campus departments
- Developing a calendar to migrate courses by department between 2015-2016
- Creating checklists for instructors and communications for students about the migration
- Training instructors on best practices for online teaching through OpenSUNY initiatives
- Addressing technical issues like file formats and links that need fixing during the migration
This document summarizes key concepts around making ethical choices related to criminal justice, terrorism, and war. It discusses debates around just war, responses to terrorism, and ethical justifications for limiting civil liberties and using torture. Specifically, it contrasts crime control and utilitarian approaches that emphasize ends over means with rights-based standards that emphasize due process and inalienable rights. Examples are provided of controversial policies and practices implemented after 9/11 and their impacts on privacy, detention, and surveillance. Ethical dilemmas around coercing confessions and "dirty Harry" reasoning are also examined.
This document discusses various forms of misconduct by correctional professionals, such as bribery, abuse of inmates, and negligence. It provides examples like the "Cowboys" gang of guards in Colorado who beat inmates. The document also discusses acts like the Prison Rape Elimination Act to address the problem of prison rape. It explores alternatives to the traditional punitive model, like restorative justice that focuses on rehabilitation and community involvement rather than solely punishment.
This document summarizes key aspects of discretion and dilemmas faced by correctional professionals such as officers and treatment staff. It discusses halfway houses and issues like drugs and abuse that can occur. It describes the discretion that officers have in charging infractions and outlines types of officers. Ethical issues for treatment staff, medical experiments on prisoners, and cases of misconduct by probation officers are also summarized.
The document discusses various topics related to ethics in punishment and corrections, including elements of punishment, treatment goals, guidelines for punishment, and rationales for punishment. It also covers correctional goals like retribution, prevention, and rehabilitation. Other topics addressed include deterrence, incapacitation, three strikes laws, costs of prisons, cruel and unusual punishment, castration as a deterrent, shaming punishments, private corrections, capital punishment, and challenges with correctional officer subcultures.
This document discusses various forms of ethical misconduct that can occur within the legal system. It provides examples of defense attorney misconduct such as using drugs or alcohol during trials. It also discusses types of prosecutorial misconduct like withholding exculpatory evidence. The document then examines issues like judicial misconduct and concerns about false convictions due to mistakes or biases. It explores challenges to prosecutorial independence and ensuring justice. Overall, the document analyzes different types of ethical violations that can undermine fairness within the legal system.
This document discusses various ethical issues that arise for legal professionals. It covers the duties of defense attorneys, even when representing clients they know are guilty. It also discusses prosecutors' discretion around charging decisions and conflicts of interest. The document outlines attorneys' responsibilities to clients and duties of confidentiality and addressing perjury. It then covers issues around expert witnesses, forensic evidence, and problematic cases like those involving Joyce Gilchrist. Finally, it discusses judicial discretion around interpreting laws and sentencing.
The document summarizes key concepts about law and the legal profession. It discusses different theories of law, such as natural law and positive law. It also examines justifications for law like harm prevention and legal moralism. The document analyzes paradigms of law and perceptions of the judicial system. It compares legal agent and moral agent models of legal representation. It also summarizes ethical standards and responsibilities for lawyers.
Police officers have tremendous power and discretion in society, but some abuse this power through corruption or misconduct. While the majority of officers act professionally and ethically, a small minority engage in criminal behaviors like accepting bribes, planting evidence, or excessive use of force. Corruption can stem from individual officers, poor management and supervision that tolerates unethical behaviors, or systemic issues in how the public and law enforcement interact. Various reforms aim to reduce corruption through improved training, leadership, oversight, and accountability.
Law enforcement officers frequently face moral dilemmas and use discretion in their work. Three key areas of liability for police are discrimination, investigative practices, and use of force. Officers may use different levels of control including authority, persuasion, and physical force. Discrimination and racial profiling continue to be issues, despite some progress in areas like New Jersey. Undercover work and the use of informants and interrogation techniques also present ethical challenges. While some force is necessary, research links excessive force to factors like an officer's personality and lack of accountability within a police culture.
This document discusses the role of police in society and some of the ethical issues they may face. It provides two examples of police misconduct - in one case officers planted drugs and lied after killing an innocent woman in a botched drug raid, and in another officers were accused of committing perjury in drug bust reports. The document also discusses the tremendous power police have, and how even with professional standards and codes of ethics, some officers may abuse that power or engage in "noble cause corruption" by using unethical means to catch criminals. It explores the tension between seeing the police role as "crime fighters" versus "public servants".
This document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on becoming an ethical professional. It discusses declining morality in society and theories on how people develop morality. It covers biological, learning, and developmental theories of moral development, including Kohlberg's stages of moral development. It then discusses factors that influence unethical behavior and how leaders can foster ethics. Overall, the document examines the development of morality and ethics from multiple perspectives to understand how individuals and society can become more ethical.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to justice, including distributive justice, corrective justice, procedural justice, and restorative justice. It discusses theories of justice proposed by philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Rawls, and theories regarding distributive standards. It also covers components of justice such as substantive versus procedural aspects of corrective justice and examples of applying different theories of justice.
This document provides an overview of ethics in criminal justice. It discusses why ethics is important to study, as criminal justice professionals have power and discretion that can impact people's lives. They are also public servants obligated to provide due process and equal protection. The document defines key terms like morality, ethics, discretion, and explores ethical demands and principles of public service. It provides examples of ethical dilemmas that criminal justice professionals may face and stresses the importance of identifying and resolving such issues.
This document provides an overview of different approaches to determining moral behavior and resolving ethical dilemmas. It discusses deontological and teleological ethical systems, as well as approaches based on ethical formalism, utilitarianism, religion, natural law, virtue ethics, care ethics, egoism, and situational ethics. Examples of real-world ethical dilemmas are also provided to illustrate how different systems might approach issues like corporate responsibility, police misconduct, and charity organization scandals.
Seminar on Teaching and Learning: Session 2 Part 1windleh
The document summarizes Sophia's attempts to make her intro to acting course more dynamic by emphasizing teamwork and collaboration. In the first class, she had students form groups to create a mind map of words associated with "Acting" and their meanings. She found this sparked organic discussion. She also assigned reading questions for groups to discuss and prepare responses to, which energized students and prepared them for an upcoming quiz. Sophia felt these changes involved students more and built a safer environment for creative risk-taking.
Seminar on Teaching and Learning: Session 2windleh
This document outlines an acting instructor's experimentation with new teaching strategies in her intro to acting course.
She tried a visual mapping exercise in the first class where students brainstormed words associated with acting in small groups. Their words formed a collaborative mind map. She also assigned reading questions for groups to discuss in the next class and informed students the questions would be on an upcoming quiz, motivating preparation.
The instructor found these team-based approaches built collaboration and gave students specific, doable focuses. She felt grateful for the professional development workshop that inspired her teaching tune-up. The document concludes with reflection questions on insights from the readings and experiments teachers may try in their own classrooms.
1. Life Span DevelopmentSpring 2010 PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE Chapter 11 SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE Chapter 12
2. Adolescence Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood Internationally, those who reach a certain age (often 18, though this varies) are legally regarded as adults and are held to be responsible for their actions. People below this age are considered minors. Adolescence is approximately between the ages 12 and 20 and encompasses both physiological and psychological changes Adolescence in Western societies tends to be a period of rebellion against adult authority figures, often parents or school officials, in the search for personal identity. Many psychologists regard adolescence as a byproduct of social pressures specific to given societies, not as a unique period of biological turmoil. The classification of a period of life as adolescence is a relatively recent development in many Western societies, one that is not recognized as a distinct phase of life in many other cultures.
3. Legal issues, rights and privileges Legal responsibility for criminal action? India – 7 Belgium – 18 Legal working age Age of consent Varies widely between jurisdictions Age to vote Join the military
4. Physical Changes During Adolescence Adolescents develop physically at a rapid pace – dramatic changes in both height and weight Puberty (the period where sex organs mature) occurs during adolescence Puberty begins when the pituitary gland in the brain signals other glands in the children’s bodies to begin producing sex hormones at adult levels Puberty begins earlier for girls – typically around age 11 or 12, compared to the average age of 13 or 14 for boys Wide variations among individuals
5. Puberty in Girls Menarche – the onset of menstruation The most obvious signal of the onset of puberty for girls Evidence has supported the fact that girls who are better nourished and healthier are more apt to start menstruation at an earlier age than those who are malnourished or suffer from chronic illness. The onset of puberty has gradually happened earlier and earlier over the past 100 years. End of 19th century – average age menstruation began = 14 or 15 Today – average age = 11 or 12 What are some factors that could have contributed to this pattern of change?
6. Puberty in Girls - continued Development of primary sex characteristics Development of the organs and structures directly related to reproduction Ex: changes in the vagina or uterus Development of secondary sex characteristics Visible signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve the sex organs Ex: development of breasts and pubic hair
7. Puberty in Boys Development of Primary sex characteristics – Age 12 (on average) – penis and scrotum begin to grow at an accelerated rate (they do not reach adult size until 3-4 years later Enlargement of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles Spermarche (1st ejaculation) usually around age 13 Development of Secondary sex characteristics – Pubic hair, underarm hair, and facial hair begins to grow Voices deepen as vocal cords become longer and larynx gets larger
8. Threats to Adolescents’ Well-Being Obesity Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Dropping Out of School Illegal Drugs Alcohol: Use and Abuse The Dangers of Smoking Cigarettes Sexually Transmitted Infections
9. Obesity 1 in 5 adolescents is overweight 1 in 20 is classified as obese (body weight more than 20% above average) Reasons for obesity in adolescents the same as younger children, psychological consequences may be particularly severe during this phase of life when body image is of particular concern Potential health consequences are more problematic for obese adolescents Obesity strains the circulatory system, increasingly likelihood of high blood pressure and diabetes Obese adolescents – 80% chance of becoming obese adults Lack of exercise is one of the main culprits, particularly for females
10. Eating Disorders Eating disorders are complex conditions that arise from a variety of factors, including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues Once started, however, they can create a self-perpetuating cycle of physical and emotional destruction.All eating disorders require professional help. People with eating disorders often use food and the control of food in an attempt to compensate for feelings and emotions that may otherwise seem over-whelming. For some, dieting, bingeing, and purging may begin as a way to cope with painful emotions and to feel in control of one’s life, but ultimately, these behaviors will damage a person’s physical and emotional health, self-esteem, and sense of competence and control.
11. Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Anorexia Nervosa has four primary symptoms: Resistance to maintaining body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height Intense fear of weight gain or being “fat” even though underweight. Denial of the seriousness of low body weight. Loss of menstrual periods in girls and women post-puberty. Health Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa: Abnormally slow heart rate and low blood pressure Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis), which results in dry, brittle bones. Muscle loss and weakness. Severe dehydration, which can result in kidney failure. Fainting, fatigue, and overall weakness. Dry hair and skin, hair loss is common. Growth of a downy layer of hair called lanugo all over the body, including the face, in an effort to keep the body warm.
12. Bulimia Bulimia is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating. Three primary symptoms: Regular intake of large amounts of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating behavior. Regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse, fasting, and/or obsessive or compulsive exercise. Extreme concern with body weight and shape. Health Consequences of Bulimia: Electrolyte imbalances caused by dehydration and loss of potassium and sodium from the body as a result of purging behaviors. Inflammation and possible rupture of the esophagus from frequent vomiting. Tooth decay and staining from stomach acids released during vomiting. Chronic irregular bowel movements and constipation as a result of laxative abuse. Gastric rupture is an uncommon but possible side effect of binge eating.
13. Factors that can contribute to eating disorders: Psychological Factors: Low self-esteem Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness Interpersonal Factors: Troubled family and personal relationships Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings History of being teased or ridiculed based on size or weight History of physical or sexual abuse Social Factors: Cultural pressures that glorify "thinness" and place value on obtaining the "perfect body" Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths The Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders - Media images that help to create cultural definitions of beauty and attractiveness are often acknowledged as being among those factors contributing to the rise of eating disorders.
14. Dropping Out of School Half a million students drop out of school each year Consequences: High school dropouts earn 42% less than high school graduates Unemployment rate for dropouts is 50% Why do adolescents leave school? Pregnancy Problems with the English language Economic reasons Others?
15. Illegal Drugs Recent annual survey of nearly 50,000 U.S. students - indicated almost 50% of high school seniors and 20% of 8th graders reported having used marijuana within the past year Why do adolescents use drugs? Pleasant feeling (“high”) Escape pressures/ aversive feelings Thrill of doing something illegal Peer pressure Dangers of illegal drug use: Addiction – many illegal drugs are addictive drugs – produce a biological or psychological dependence in users, leading to powerful cravings Addiction causes physical changes to the nervous system Dependency – adolescents become dependent on drugs and need them to cope with the stresses of everyday life Drug use prevents them from confronting and resolving problems in their lives Casual users may turn to more dangerous forms of substance use
16. Dependence and Addiction Psychoactive drugs – chemicals that change perceptions and moods through their actions at the neural synapses Different drugs have different effects. Ex: methamphetamine produces an intense “rush” and initial feelings of boundless energy. Ex: heroin, benzodiazepines may produce excessive feelings of relaxation and calm. What most drugs have in common, though, is overstimulation of the pleasure center of the brain, which leads to the compelling urge to use Drug addiction is compulsively using a substance, despite its negative and sometimes dangerous effects. Tolerance - continued use of psychoactive drugs produces tolerance The diminished effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug Leads to increased dosage Ex: individuals with severe chronic pain taking opiate medications (like morphine) will need to continually increase the dose in order to maintain the drug's analgesic (pain-relieving) effects Drug abuse is using a drug excessively, or for purposes for which it was not medically intended.
17. Dependence and Addiction A physical dependence on a substance (needing the drug to function) is not always part of the definition of addiction. Some drugs (for example, some blood pressure medications) don't cause addiction but do cause physical dependence. Other drugs cause addiction without physical dependence (cocaine withdrawal, for example, doesn't have symptoms like vomiting and chills; it mainly involves depression). Psychological dependence is the psychological need for a particular drug, such as for relief of negative emotions Users who stop taking psychoactive drugs may experience withdrawal The discomfort and distress associated with discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
18. Psychoactive drugs Three major categories – depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens Depressants are drugs that inhibit the function of the central nervous system and are among the most widely used drugs in the world. These drugs operate by affecting neurons in the CNS, which leads to symptoms such as drowsiness, relaxation, decreased inhibition, anesthesia, sleep, coma and even death. All depressants also have the potential to be addictive. Drugs that are classed as depressants include alcohol, barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
19. Psychoactive drugs Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that tend to increase activity in the brain. Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that increase activity in the brain. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood and awareness. While some stimulant drugs are legal and widely used, all can be addicting. While stimulants share many commonalities, each has unique properties and mechanisms of action. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood and awareness. While some stimulant drugs are legal and widely used, all can be addicting. Drugs that are classed as stimulants include caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines and some prescription drugs. Psychedelic drugs, or hallucinogens, are psychoactive drugs that affect thinking, alter moods and distort perceptions. Hallucinogens are strong mood-changing drugs with unpredictable psychological effects. Persons using hallucinogenic drugs often report seeing images, hearing sounds, and feeling sensations that seem real, but do not exist. Drugs that are classed as psychedelics include marijuana, LSD, psilocybin (derived from a type of mushroom) and mescaline (found in the peyote cactus).
20. Alcohol: Use and Abuse Binge drinking For men – 5 or more drinks in one sitting For women – 4 or more drinks in one sitting Facts about binge drinking: Frequent binge drinkers are eight times more likely than non-binge drinkers to miss a class, fall behind in schoolwork, get hurt or injured, and damage property. Nearly one out of every five teenagers (16 percent) has experienced “black out” spells where they could not remember what happened the previous evening because of heavy binge drinking. More than 60 % of college men and almost 50 % of college women who are frequent binge drinkers report that they drink and drive. Binge drinking during high school, especially among males, is strongly predictive of binge drinking in college. Binge drinking during college may be associated with mental health disorders such as compulsiveness, depression or anxiety, or early deviant behavior. In a national study, 91 percent of women and 78 percent of the men who were frequent binge drinkers considered themselves to be moderate or light drinkers.
21. Consequences of Binge Drinking Brain Effects Subtle changes in the brain may be difficult to detect but still have a significant impact on long-term thinking and memory skills. Research has shown that animals fed alcohol during this critical developmental stage continue to show long-lasting impairment from alcohol as they age It’s simply not known how alcohol will affect the long-term memory and learning skills of people who began drinking heavily as adolescents. Liver Effects Elevated liver enzymes, indicating some degree of liver damage, have been found in some adolescents who drink alcohol Young drinkers who are overweight or obese showed elevated liver enzymes even with only moderate levels of drinking Growth and Endocrine Effects In both males and females, puberty is a period associated with marked hormonal changes, including increases in the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. These hormones, in turn, increase production of other hormones and growth factors, which are vital for normal organ development. Drinking alcohol during this period of rapid growth and development (i.e., prior to or during puberty) may upset the critical hormonal balance necessary for normal development of organs, muscles, and bones.
22. The Dangers of Smoking Cigarettes Cigarette smoking among adolescents is one of the 10 Leading Health Indicators that reflect the major health concerns in the United States Cigarette smoking during childhood and adolescence produces significant health problems among young people, including: cough and phlegm production an increase in the number and severity of respiratory illnesses decreased physical fitness an unfavorable lipid profile potential retardation in the rate of lung growth and the level of maximum lung function. An estimated 440,000 Americans die each year from diseases caused by smoking.
23. Facts about adolescent smoking Each day, nearly 6,000 children under 18 years of age start smoking; of these, nearly 2,000 will become regular smokers. That is almost 800,000 annually. It is estimated that at least 4.5 million U.S. adolescents are cigarette smokers. Approximately 90 percent of smokers begin smoking before the age of 21. If current tobacco use patterns persist, an estimated 6.4 million children will die prematurely from a smoking-related disease. According to a 2001 national survey of high school students, the overall prevalence of current cigarette use was 28 percent. Of adolescents who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime, most of them report that they would like to quit, but are not able to do so. Cigarette advertisements tend to emphasize youthful vigor, sexual attraction and independence themes, which appeal to teenagers and young adults struggling with these issues. Tobacco use in adolescence is associated with a range of health-compromising behaviors, including being involved in fights, carrying weapons, engaging in high-risk sexual behavior and using alcohol and other drugs.
24. Sexually Transmitted Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact. While adolescents represent approximately 25% of the sexually active population, they account for about one-half of all new sexually transmitted infections. Sexually active adolescents and young adults are more susceptible to STIs for biological, behavioral and cultural reasons STIs can affect future fertility and some can increase the chances of getting cancer AIDS is considered to be the deadliest of STIs, but there a number of other STIs that are far more common
25. HIV/ AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) breaks down the immune system — our body's protection against disease. HIV causes people to become sick with infections that normally wouldn't affect them. HIV is transmitted in blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common ways HIV is spread are by: having vaginal or anal intercourse without a condom with someone who has HIV/AIDS sharing needles or syringes with someone who has HIV/AIDS being deeply punctured with a needle or surgical instrument contaminated with HIV getting HIV-infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions into open wounds or sores HIV causes AIDS AIDS is short for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of HIV disease
26. HPV Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). The virus infects the skin and mucous membranes. There are more than 40 HPV types that can infect the genital areas of men and women, including the skin of the penis, vulva (area outside the vagina), and anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix, and rectum. You cannot see HPV. Most people who become infected with HPV do not even know they have it. Certain types of HPV can cause genital warts in men and women. Warts can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the cervix, and on the penis, scrotum, groin, or thigh. Warts may appear within weeks or months after sexual contact with an infected person. Or, they may not appear at all Other HPV types can cause cervical cancer and other less common cancers, such as cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus, and penis. Cervical cancer does not have symptoms until it is quite advanced. For this reason, it is important for women to get screened regularly for cervical cancer. HPV is passed on through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. A person can have HPV even if years have passed since he or she had sex. Most infected persons do not realize they are infected or that they are passing the virus to a sex partner. Very rarely, a pregnant woman with genital HPV can pass HPV to her baby during vaginal delivery.
27. Genital Herpes Genital Herpes - Genital herpes is a common, highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It causes blisters or groups of small ulcers (open sores) on and around the genitals in both men and women. It cannot be cured, only controlled. Genital herpes is extremely widespread, largely because it is so contagious. Carriers can transmit the disease without having any symptoms themselves of active infection. There are two types: HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus) and HSV-2. Most genital herpes infections are caused by HSV-2. HSV-1 is the usual cause of what most people call "fever blisters" in and around the mouth and can be transmitted from person to person through kissing. Less often, HSV-1 can cause genital herpes infections through oral sexual contact. The genital sores caused by either virus look the same.
28. Syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex The highly infectious disease may also be passed, but much less often, through blood transfusions or from mother to fetus in the womb. Without treatment, syphilis can cause irreversible damage to the brain, nerves, and body tissues. Syphilis used to be deadly, but now can be treated effectively with antibiotics
29. Identity Formation during Adolescence According to Erikson’s theory, adolescents strive to: discover what makes them unique and distinctive identify their strengths and weaknesses determine the roles they can best play in their future Identity vs. role confusion (identity confusion) Adolescents “try on” different roles They seek to make choices about their personal, occupational, sexual and political commitments Positive outcome: Awareness of self (unique qualities) Knowledge of roles Negative outcome: Inability to identify appropriate roles in life They may adopt socially unacceptable roles as an expression of who they do not want to be
30. James Marcia Marcia elaborated on Erikson’s proposal by suggesting this stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity confusion as Erikson claimed His theory states that there are two distinct parts that form adolescent identity: a crisis and a commitment. He defined a crisis as a time of upheaval where old values or choices are being reexamined. The outcome of a crisis leads to commitment to a certain value or role. Marcia proposed four stages of psychological identity development: Identity Diffusion – the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. They show little interest in such matters. Identity Foreclosure - the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis. This occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way, before adolescents have had a chance to explore their own approaches. Identity Moratorium - the status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis but whose commitments are either absent or only vaguely defined. Identity Achievement - the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment.
31. Psychological Difficulties During Adolescence Depression in Adolescence: Everyone experiences bad moods and periods of sadness More than 25% of adolescents report feeling so sad or helpless for two or more weeks in a row that they stop doing normal activities Teenage depression isn’t just bad moods and occasional melancholy. Depression is a serious problem that impacts every aspect of a teen’s life. Left untreated, teen depression can lead to problems at home and school, drug abuse, self-loathing—even irreversible tragedy such as homicidal violence or suicide.
32. Signs and Symptoms of Depression in Adolescents Sadness or hopelessness Irritability, anger, or hostility Tearfulness or frequent crying Withdrawal from friends and family Loss of interest in activities Changes in eating and sleeping habits Restlessness and agitation Feelings of worthlessness and guilt Lack of enthusiasm and motivation Fatigue or lack of energy Difficulty concentrating Thoughts of death or suicide
33. Untreated Depression can lead to… Problems at school Depression can cause low energy and concentration difficulties. This may lead to poor attendance, poor grades, or frustration with schoolwork in a formerly good student. Running away Many depressed teens run away from home or talk about running away. Such attempts are usually a cry for help. Substance abuse Teens may use alcohol or drugs in an attempt to “self-medicate” their depression. Eating disorders Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, and yo-yo dieting are often signs of depression. Self-injury Cutting, burning, and other kinds of self-mutilation are almost always associated with depression. Reckless behavior Depressed teens may engage in high-risk behaviors such as reckless driving, out-of-control drinking, and unsafe sex. Violence Some depressed teens become violent. Often violence occurs in victims of bullying. Suicide Teens who are seriously depressed often think, speak, or make "attention-getting" attempts at suicide. Suicidal thoughts or behaviors should always be taken very seriously.
34. Suicide warning signs in teenagers An alarming and increasing number of teenagers attempt and succeed at suicide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds. For the overwhelming majority of suicidal teens, depression or another psychological disorder plays a primary role. In depressed teens who also abuse alcohol or drugs, the risk of suicide is even greater. Teenagers who are depressed should be watched closely for any signs of suicidal thoughts or behavior. The warning signs include: Talking or joking about committing suicide. Saying things like, “I’d be better off dead,” “I wish I could disappear forever” Speaking positively about death or romanticizing dying (“If I died, people might love me more”). Writing stories and poems about death, dying, or suicide. Engaging in reckless behavior or having a lot of accidents resulting in injury. Giving away prized possessions. Saying goodbye to friends and family as if for good. Seeking out weapons, pills, or other ways to kill themselves.
35. Peer Pressure During adolescence, peers play a large part in a young person's life and typically replace family as the center of a teen's social and leisure activities. Teenagers have various peer relationships, and they interact with many peer groups. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don't go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that "everyone's doing it" may influence some kids to leave their better judgment, or their common sense, behind. Two levels of Peer Pressure The first is the large group (ex: school, youth group, or sports team). This is the setting that gets the most attention. The large group exerts a general pressure on its members. It directs the trends in clothing, music, entertainment, and "political correctness". The second is in the close relationship with one or several best friends - This is the setting that is sometimes overlooked. The pressure which takes place among close friends is not so easy to escape. What your best friend approves of or disapproves of exerts great pressure on you. This pressure is personal and forceful.
36. Sexual Orientation One important aspect of adolescence is forming one's sexual identity. All teens explore and experiment sexually as part of normal development. This sexual behavior may be with members of the same or opposite sex. For many adolescents, thinking about and/or experimenting with people of the same sex may cause concerns and anxiety regarding their sexual orientation. For others, even thoughts or fantasies may cause anxiety. These feelings and behavior do not necessarily mean an individual is homosexual or bisexual. Homosexuality is the persistent sexual and emotional attraction to someone of the same sex. It is part of the range of sexual expression. Many gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals first become aware of and experience their sexual thoughts and feelings during childhood and adolescence. Recent changes in society's attitude toward sexuality have helped gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens feel more comfortable with their sexual orientation.
37. Concerns about homosexual or bisexual feelings Despite increased knowledge and information, gay, lesbian and bisexual teens still have many concerns. These include: feeling different from peers feeling guilty about their sexual orientation worrying about the response from their families and loved ones being teased and ridiculed by their peers worrying about AIDS, HIV infection, and other sexually transmitted diseases fearing discrimination when joining clubs, sports, seeking admission to college, and finding employment being rejected and harassed by others Gay, lesbian, and bixsexual teens can become socially isolated, withdraw from activities and friends, have trouble concentrating, and develop low self-esteem. Some may develop depression and think about suicide or attempt it.