Gender and gender roles can be complex topics with biological, social, and cultural components. Biologically, sex is determined by genetic or anatomical characteristics, while gender refers to social and cultural roles associated with being male or female. Gender identity develops from a combination of biological and environmental factors. Traditional Western views emphasized polar masculine and feminine traits and roles, but modern perspectives recognize more fluidity and diversity in gender expressions. Conditions like intersexuality or transgenderism also show that biological sex and gender identity do not always align.