This topic relates to polymer structure and types of plastic. It also explains the usage and mechanical properties of thermo plastic, thermosetting plastic and the process of making plastic products.
Plastic manufacturing "forming and shaping plastics"Ayush Mathur
how plastic products are manufactured?
what are the processes involved in manufacturing of these products?
what are the various machine tools used?
what are the various types of plastics and what is resin?
what are the diffrent steps in manufacturing?
Get all these answers in this presentation.
Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
Plastic manufacturing "forming and shaping plastics"Ayush Mathur
how plastic products are manufactured?
what are the processes involved in manufacturing of these products?
what are the various machine tools used?
what are the various types of plastics and what is resin?
what are the diffrent steps in manufacturing?
Get all these answers in this presentation.
Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
Brief lesson on where plastics come from, the difference between thermoplastics and thermosettings, types of thermoplastics and thermosettings products and how plastics are shaped.
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Sustainability of the product is becoming a crucial factor for success in the market. Sustainability theory and methods are quite general. This research constitutes a serious attempt to assess the sustainability of plastic sheet piling, and calculate the product carbon footprint. In the case of plastic sheet piling no significant previous research has been done to address sustainability. The product lifecycle including stages such as raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and disposal/recycling, and its related supply chain have been analysed in detail to identify those factors that have impact on the product carbon footprint and the three main dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The installation stage, which is not normally addressed in this kind of studies, has been assessed by the development of a case study.
Brief lesson on where plastics come from, the difference between thermoplastics and thermosettings, types of thermoplastics and thermosettings products and how plastics are shaped.
Blow Molding Process on Manufacturing Technology .
Tackles about the definition of Blow molding process, its various types , advantages and disadvantages and the application of it on a manufacturing set-up.
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Sustainability of the product is becoming a crucial factor for success in the market. Sustainability theory and methods are quite general. This research constitutes a serious attempt to assess the sustainability of plastic sheet piling, and calculate the product carbon footprint. In the case of plastic sheet piling no significant previous research has been done to address sustainability. The product lifecycle including stages such as raw material production, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and disposal/recycling, and its related supply chain have been analysed in detail to identify those factors that have impact on the product carbon footprint and the three main dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economic. The installation stage, which is not normally addressed in this kind of studies, has been assessed by the development of a case study.
How to select a plastic injection molding machine.Naik Devang
Buying a PIMM is not a small investment. Too much machine for the job at hand is wasteful. Too little machine does not get job done. Careful matching of the jobs needs and the attributes of a PIMM is well worth the effort.
Ekeeda Provides Online Engineering Subjects Video Lectures and Tutorials of Mumbai University (MU) Courses. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/University/Mumbai-University
Ekeeda Provides Online Engineering Subjects Video Lectures and Tutorials of Mumbai University (MU) Courses. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/University/Mumbai-University
polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials, many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon ,hydrogen , and other nonmetallic elements , furthermore , they have very large molecular structure. these materials typically have low densities and maybe extremely flexible.
this presentation is for polymer processing and their applications. it includes diffrent process through which we process polymers and make use of them in our daily life.
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
This topic describes two main categories of corrosion. It also explains the electrochemical corrosion phenomena and the differences between the types of corrosion. This topic also states the corrosion preventive steps.
This topic provides an understanding on the purposes of materials testing and deformities in certain materials. It also explains on the definition and principle on mechanical properties of materials, destructive and non-destructive tests.
Chapter 3: Metal Works, Casting & Heat Treatmentsyar 2604
This topic explains the processes of metal works and casting. It also describes the types and purpose of heat treatment for steels and the effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of steels.
Chapter 1: Material Structure and Binary Alloy Systemsyar 2604
This is an introduction to material structure and periodic table system. This topic also describes microstructure of the metals and alloys solidification.
This topic introduces the methods of irons, steels and cast irons production. It also describes the structure, properties and the usage of irons, steels and cast irons in the engineering field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. An organic polymer material ( with carbon and
hydrogen base ) with the ability to flow into a
desired shape when heat and pressure are applied to
it and retain the shape when they are withdrawn.
In more technical terms, a plastic is a material that
can be heated and molded so that it keeps its
molded shape after it cools.
DEFINITION
4. Polymer molecules are very large
macromolecules consisting of long flexible
chains with carbon atoms as a backbone.
POLYMERS
5. Polymer is composed of a large number of repetitive
structures called mer.
A single mer is called monomers.
Thus, a polymer is made up of thousands of monomers
joined chemically together to form a large molecule.
POLYMERS
8. Linear polymers are those in which the mer units are
joined together end to end in single chains. These
long chains are flexible and may be thought of as a
mass of spaghetti where each circle represents a mer
unit.
Some of the common polymers that form with linear
structures are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride,
polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, and the
fluorocarbons.
LINEAR POLYMERS
9. Polymers may be synthesized in which side-
branch chains are connected to the main ones,
these are fittingly called branched polymers.
The branches, considered to be part of the main-
chain molecule, result from side reactions that
occur during the synthesis of the polymer.
BRANCHED POLYMERS
10. In crosslinked polymers, adjacent linear chains
are joined one to another at various positions by
covalent bonds.
The process of crosslinking is achieved either
during synthesis or by a nonreversible chemical
reaction that is usually carried out at an elevated
temperature.
CROSSLINKED POLYMERS
11. Trifunctional mer units, having three active
covalent bonds, form three-dimensional
networks and are termed network polymers.
These materials have distinctive mechanical and
thermal properties; the epoxies and phenol-
formaldehyde belong to this group.
NETWORK POLYMERS
12. Polymerisation is the process of forming a polymer.
This process can be classified as addition
polymerisation and condensation polymerisation.
POLYMERISATION
13. The process chemically combines similar
monomer to form a long chain of molecule
(linear molecule).
ADDITION POLYMERISATION
14. Two or more chemically different monomers are
polymerised to form a cross linked or linear
polymer, along with a by-product such as water
or ammonia.
CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION
16. There are two types of plastics:
1)Thermoplastics
2)Thermosetting
TYPES OF PLASTICS
17. Thermoplastics are the plastics that do not undergo
chemical change in their composition when heated
and can be moulded again and again.
THERMOPLASTICS
18. Deformable at higher temperatures and becomes
hard again after cooling.
Can be softened and hardened by heating and cooling
any number of times.
Since the flow easily by heating, they are suitable for
processing by extrusion or injection moulding.
Easy to be machined on.
THERMOPLASTICS POLYMER
24. A thermosetting plastic, also known as a
thermoset, is polymeric material that
irreversibly cures. The cure may be done
through heat (generally above 200 °C
(392 °F)), and involve a chemical reaction.
THERMOSETTING
25. Are soft or soften upon heating.
Cannot be re-softened once they have set and
hardened.
Due to cross-linking of molecule chains,
thermosetting materials are hard, tough, non-swelling
and brittle.
Ideal for moulding and casting into components.
THERMOSETTING POLYMER
30. No. Thermoplastics Thermosetting
1 Composed of chain molecules Cross linked molecules
2 Addition polymerisation Condensation polymerisation
3 Deforms at high temperature Cannot be deformed at high
temperature
4 Plasticity increases with
temperature
Plasticity does not increase with
temperature
5 Easily moulded and remoulded
into any shapes
Cannot remoulded into new
shapes
Comparison between thermoplastics and
thermosetting plastics
31. 1) Injection Moulding
2) Extrusion Moulding
3) Compression Moulding
4) Blow Moulding
Plastic Production Process
40. Process that supplies a continuous stream of
thermoplastic material with equally cross
section where it is directly produced through a
shaping tool or to some other subsequent
shaping process(dies) placed directly on the
end of the extrusion machine.
Extrusion Moulding Process
42. Working principles-
1.The pellets or resins are inserted into the hopper
2.The material then fed into the heated cylinder by rotating
screw
3.When the material become softer,it will be forced continously
by the rotating screw ram.
4.The products or outcomes are formed into continous shape.
5.After the product exiting from the die,it will be cooled by
air,water or become cold by interact with cold roll surface
where then it will be solidifies while rolling
6.Extruded product such as pipe,rod,etc,extrude this way
because it can be curved or bended after extruded with
hotwater by sinking it in it.
Extrusion Moulding Process
48. Compression moulding is principally used for
thermosetting plastics.
Preheated resin is placed into a hot mould cavity.
The upper section of the mould is subsequently
forced down onto the resin to create the desired
product shape. The applied pressure and heat
forces the liquified polymer to fill the cavity.
Compression Moulding
49. Following the compression, a period of heating is
required to force cross-linking of the thermosetting
polymer.
Throughout the process heat and pressure are
maintained until the polymer has cured.
Compression Moulding Process
50.
51. Compression moulding is a high-volume, high-
pressure plastic moulding method that is suitable
for moulding complex, high-strength objects.
And with its short cycle time and high production
rate, many organizations in the automotive
industry have chosen compression moulding to
produce parts.
53. Working principle for extrusion blow moulding
method :
The resins or pellets are inserted into the hopper,
With gravity manipulating, the materials enter the
injection or extrusion chamber or cylinder which
surrounded with heater,
When the materials become softened ( plasticizers
), it will be injected or extruded using screw
rotator or torpedo plunger,
The hot and softened material is called a parison.
The materials will be flow straight to the nozzle
and enter the mould cavity.
54. Top of the parison will be cut off using a blade,
The air then blowed into the parison through a
cavity at the top of the mould,
The plastic will be cooled, then solidified in the
mould under water system cycling in the
channels in the mould,
After that the mould and the product will be
retrieved,
The connecting opener will retrieved the
product using ejector pin to eject the product
out the mould.
56. The materials are heated and become softened. Then it will be
injected by using screw rotator.
57. The materials will be flow straight to the nozzle and enter the
mould cavity.
58. Top of the parison will be cut off using a blade.
The air then blowed into the parison through a
cavity at the top of the mould.
59. The plastic will be cooled, then solidified in the
mould under water system cycling in the
channels in the mould.
After that the mould and the product will be
retrieved,
61. Plastic engineering
application
Advantages
1. Excellent electrical
insulation properties
2. Transparent and
translucent
3. Easy coloured
4. Ease of fabrication
5. Good wear and scratch
resistance
Disadvantages
1. Plastics produces toxic
fumes when it is burnt
2. Low heat resistant
3. Softer and less elastic
than metal
4. Brittle at low
temperature