Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
This topic relates to polymer structure and types of plastic. It also explains the usage and mechanical properties of thermo plastic, thermosetting plastic and the process of making plastic products.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
People working in plastics industry come across the word "Engineering plastics" a lot. So we have decided to share some information about this very topic
Blow Molding is defined appropriately and also the process compatible materials are listed. Blow Molding is broadly classified as - extrusion type, injection type, Multilayer type. All three processes are explained appropriately with diagrams and their application is also listed. Since every thing has advantages and disadvantages, so is the case with blow molding. References are also cited correctly. I hope you all find it useful
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
This topic relates to polymer structure and types of plastic. It also explains the usage and mechanical properties of thermo plastic, thermosetting plastic and the process of making plastic products.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
People working in plastics industry come across the word "Engineering plastics" a lot. So we have decided to share some information about this very topic
slides contain some information about polycarbonate, as follow:
- History
- What is PC?
- Structure
- Production
- Processing
- Manufacturing & Block diagram
- Properties
- Applications
Fracture and failure analyses of plastics and reinforced plasticsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This ppt describes the structure property correlationship between structure, microstructure and the observed properties of plastics and reinforced plastics./ Fracture , failure analysis and fractography are discussed in details.
PPT PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN ( Yani Sutriyani ) Zayyin Nihayah
ini adalah ppt yang menjelaskan tentang materi pencemaran lingkungan yang dilengkapi dengan media pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung para siswa agar lebih mudah memahami materi.... semalat mempelajari...
Hi i'am Sean , i study in OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL .This is a power point on plastics , to help us understand what is a plastic , what are the types of plastic and what harm do they cause to our environment
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
Ekeeda Provides Online Engineering Subjects Video Lectures and Tutorials of Mumbai University (MU) Courses. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/University/Mumbai-University
Ekeeda Provides Online Engineering Subjects Video Lectures and Tutorials of Mumbai University (MU) Courses. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/University/Mumbai-University
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
Chapter6 plastic
1. BY NORHAZLINA BT. AMON
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Topic 6 : PLASTIC
2. INTRODUCTION
What are polymeric materials?
Polymers are organic materials made of very large molecules
containing hundreds of thousands of unit molecules called
“mers” linked in a chain-like structure (repeated pattern)
Polymers are characterized by:
Low density materials (replace metals such as steel, aluminium
etc)
Versatility in synthesis – processing – properties relationship
Raw materials and processing are cost-effective
Recycling is possible and practical
7. Molecular Chain
Thermostetting
polymers
Rubbers
Thermoplastics: PVC, acrylic,
polyethylene
Polyethylene
1.
Linear
2.
Branched
3. Cross-
linked
4. Network
Strength increases1 4
Structure of polymers consists of a large number of
repeating molecules to form a long flexible chain.
8. Thermoplastics - Linear or branched polymers in
which chains of molecules are not interconnected to
one another.
Thermosetting polymers - Polymers that are heavily
cross-linked to produce a strong three dimensional
network structure.
Elastomers (Rubbers) - These are polymers
(thermoplastics or lightly cross-linked thermosets)
that have an elastic deformation > 200%.
9.
10. Thermoplastics and Thermosettings
Polymers are basically divided into:
1. Thermoplastics
Solids at room temperature that are melted or softened by heating, placed
into a mould and then cooled to give the desired shape
Can be recycled
2. Thermosets
Can be either liquids or solids at room temperature that are place into a
mould and then heated to cure (set) or harden, thus giving the desired
shape and solid properties
Thermosets cannot be reshaped by heating
11. Thermoplastic Uses Mechanical properties
Polyethylene(PE) Packaging bags, containers, piping,
chemical equipment, coating for
cables and wires.
Tough and flexible at temperatures.
Good dimensional stability. Easily
moulded. Good resistance to common
solvents.
Polypropylene(PP) Moulding for hospital and laboratory
equipment; chemical plant.
Similar properties to polythene,
better heat resistance to chemical
attack. Tough, rigid and light in
weight.
Polystyrene(PS) Refrigerator trays, boxes and many
articles of household hollowware.
Toys, display figures, etc.
A tough, dense plastic-hard and rigid.
Good dimensional stability. Moulds
with high surface gloss.
Thermoplastic materials
PE
12. Thermoplastic Uses Mechanical properties
Polyvinyl Chloride
(PVC)
Mouldings. Imitation leather cloth,
table cloths, raincoats; etc. Piping
and electrical cable covering.
Soft, flexible and rubbery. Good
dimensional stability. Good resistance
to water, acids, alkalis and most
common solvent.
Polymethyl
Methacrylate
(Perspex)
Lenses, dentures, telephones, knobs
and handles. Aircraft windows,
sinks, building panels.
Excellent transmission of light. Strong
and rigid, easily scratched. Attacked
and many organic solvents.
Polyamides (Nylon) Plastic gears, valves, bearings, cams.
Raincoats. Climbing ropes, fishing
lines and textiles.
Very strong and tough. Good
resistance to abrasion. Good
dimensional stability. Deteriorates
with long exposure to outdoor.
Thermoplastic materials
13. Thermoset materials
Thermoset parts are made from polymer resins that are capable of forming
chemical crosslinks.
As the number of crosslinks increases, the stiffness of the material also
increases. Thus, many thermosets are typically stiffer and more brittle than
thermoplastics
The impact toughness can be increases by adding fillers or reinforcements
(also increase strength)
Thermosets include:
Phenolics (PF)
Amino plastics (UF and MF)
Polyester thermosets (TS)
Epoxies (EP)
Thermoset polyamides
14. Thermoset Uses Mechanical properties
Phenol
formaldehyde
Electrical equipment, handles buttons,
radio cabinets, engine ignition
equipment, cheap jewellery,
ornaments.
Filled with fibrous materials to
increase strength. Absorbs water but
resistant to alcohol, oils and most
common solvents.
Epoxides Sold as resins and syrup. Used as
adhesives for gluing metal. Laminates
(with glass fibre): boat hulls, table top.
Commonly used with glass fibre for
increased strength. Good adhesion to
metals. Good resistance to water and
most solvents.
Melamine
formaldehyde
As syrups and resins : surface coating
of papers and textiles , laminates.
Mouldings : electrical equipment, table
ware.
Properties are generally similar to
those of urea formaldehyde but with
improved resistance to heat.
Thermoset materials
15. The advantages of using plastics as
engineering materials:
Good electrical insulation
Excellent heat resistance
Shock – resistant
Good resistance to attack by acids and alkalis.
Self-lubrications.
16. The disadvantages of using plastics:
Low range temperatures operation (150-600 oF).
Adversely affected by prolonged exposure to
ultra-violet light.
Not suitable for outdoors.
Ductile in low temperatures.
Deteriorate with atmospheric moisture and
temperatures.
17. Processing of Plastics
Plastics can be formed from granular and pallets into
shape product such as sheet, rods, extruded sections,
pipe, or finished moulded parts.
Process used depends on whether the plastic is a
thermosetting or thermoplastic.
Among of the processes:
Injection moulding
Extrusion moulding
Compression moulding
Transfer moulding
Blow moulding
18. Injection Moulding
Widely used process of forming thermoplastic
materials.
The basic process involves six major steps in the
moulding cycle:
The hopper is loaded with granular plastic
materials.
Heat is applied to the plastic until it becomes soft
enough to flow.
The softened plastic is forced through a nozzle into
the mould cavity.
When cool, the halves of the mould are separated.
The part is ejected from the mould.
Gates connecting the product to the runner system
are removed.
19.
20. Processing Plastics - Molding
Compression and transfer molding
thermoplastic or thermoset
Adapted from Fig. 15.23,
Callister 7e. (Fig. 15.23 is from
F.W. Billmeyer, Jr., Textbook of
Polymer Science, 3rd ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, 1984. )
21. Compression Moulding
This process was the first to be used to form plastics. It involves four steps:
1. Pre-formed blanks, powders or pellets are placed in the bottom section of a
heated mould or die.
2. The other half of the mould is lowered and is pressure applied.
3. The material softens under heat and pressure, flowing to fill the mould. Excess
is squeezed from the mould. If a thermoset, cross-linking occurs in the mould.
4. The mould is opened and the part is removed.
When thermoplastics are used, the mould is cooled before removal so the part
will not lose its shape.
When thermosets are used, they may be ejected while they are hot and after
curing is complete. This process is slow, but the material moves only a short
distance to the mold, and does not flow through gates or runners. Only one part
is made from each mold.
22. This process makes parts of constant cross section like pipes and rods. liquid
polymer goes through a die to produce a final shape. It involves four steps:
1. Pellets of the polymer are mixed with colouring and additives.
2. The material is heated to its proper plasticity.
3. The material is forced through a die.
4. The material is cooled.
Extrusion Moulding
24. Transfer Moulding
Transfer moulding is most generally used for
thermosetting plastics.
Method is like compression moulding in that the
plastic is cured into an infusible state in a mould
under heat and pressure.
In transfer moulding the plastic is heated to a point of
plasticity before it reaches the mould and forced into
a closed mould by means of a hydraulically operated
plunger resulting in lower cavity pressure.
25. Blow Moulding Process
The blow moulding of thermoplastic materials
began during World War 11.
Blow moulding is intended for use in
manufacturing hollow plastic products.
26. Blow Moulding Process
The basic steps of blow moulding process are:
Melt the material
Form the molten resin into a tube or parison
Enclose the hollow parison in the blow mould
Inflate the parison inside the mould
Cool the blow-moulded part
Remove the part from the mould
Trim flash, as needed
Editor's Notes
Can be brittle or flexible & linear, branching, etc.