it describes about chemical structure,uses & various applications in packaging sector

1. POLYSTYRENE (PS)
Anilraj.lanka (PG/H/15002)
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PACKAGING, HYDERABAD
November 2015 1

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
To understand
• basic chemistry of Polystyrene
• manufacturing aspects of polystyrene
• various design aspects of & their applications
• advantages and challenges.
• new developments in Polystyrene.
• how to overcome the problems in recycle Poly Styrene?
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3. HISTORY
• Polystyrene was discovered in 1839 by Eduard Simon, an apothecary
in Berlin.
• from storax resign of gum tree Liquidambar orientalis he a distilled
an oily substance monomer that was named “styrol”.
• found that the styrol had thickened, from oxidation into a jelly he
described that styrol oxide("Styroloxyd") i.e a polymerization process.
• In 1845 a chemist John Blyth and August Wilhelm von Hofmann
showed that the same transformation of styrol took place in the
absence of oxygen.
• they called their substance metastyrol.
• in 1866 Marcelin Berthelot correctly identified the formation of
metastyrol /Styroloxyd from styrol as a polymerization process
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4. INTRODUCTION
Polymerization of Styrene gives Polystyrene
Structure of polystyrene
IUPAC name Poly(1-phenylethene)
Other names Thermocole
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5. Identifiers
CAS Registry Number 9003-53-6
Properties
Chemical formula (C8H8)n
Density 0.96–1.04 g/cm3
Melting point ~ 240 °C (464 °F; 513 K)
(decomposes at lower temperature)
Thermal conductivity (0.033 W/(m·k)
(foam, ρ 0.05g/cm3)
Refractive index (nD ) 1.6; dielectric constant 2.6
(1 KHz–1 GHz)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
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6. POLYSTYRENE IN BALL-STICK MODEL
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Polystyrene consists of long hydrocarbon chains, with a phenyl group
connected to every other carbon atom.

7. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
**
Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical
reaction to form polymer.
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8. **
Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in
a chemical reaction to form polymer.
Polystyrene consists of long hydrocarbon chains, with a phenyl group
connected to every other carbon atom.
Polystyrene comes in three forms:
• Syndiotactic : it is highly regular and crystalline.
• Atactic : it is irregular and amorphous(disordered)
• Isotactic : it is semi-crystaline
POLYMERIZATION & TYPES OF POLYSTYRENE
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9. 9
POLYMERIZATION & TYPES OF POLYSTYRENE

10. GLOBAL CONSUMPTION, MARKETS & CAPACITY OF POLYSTYRENE
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Annual production in 2014
World 14.6 million tones
Europe 3.4 million tones
US 4.0 million tones
Russia 0.27 million tones

11. DIFFERENT FORMS OF POLYSTYRENE
HIPS
Project report on Polystyrene 11Oriented polystyreneExtruded polystyrene (XPS)
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) Packing peanuts

12. GENERAL PROPERTIES
• Polystyrene can be rigid or foamed
• Polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle
• It has low melting point (190ºF)
• Polystyrene can be naturally transparent.
• polystyrene is brittle, and hard
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13. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density (g/cm³) 1.05
Water Absorption, 24 hrs (%) 0.06
Specific heat (c) 1.3 kj/ (kg·K)
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile Strength (psi) 7,500
Tensile Modulus (psi) 450,000
Tensile Elongation at Break (%) 47
Flexural Strength (psi) 6,100
Flexural Modulus (psi) 475,000
Compressive Strength (psi) 14,500
Hardness, Rockwell 75M-0.8

14. BARRIER PERFORMANCE OF MAIN PACKAGING POLYMERS
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15.  Easy to handle, Durable Strong & flexible
 Easily molded, thermoformed and extruded into film.
 It is extremely rigid yet lightweight, enhances food service sanitation
 Low water absorption
 Shock absorbent
 Dimensionally stable
 Recyclable
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ADVANTAGES OF POLYSTYRENE

16.  High Impact Polystyrene,
 it is a tough, rigid plastic material with high impact strength.
 It is widely used for toys, in packaging, signs.
 It is a coloured plastic with good impact properties.
 various shapes and objects can be produced from this material.
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HIPS PROPERTIES
EPS PROPERTIES
 Expanded polystyrene is a material of choice for versatility, and cost
effectiveness.
 It is widely used in many everyday applications
 It is a light weight and it is comprised of ~98% air. It has good strength.
 It has thermal insulation and shock absorption characteristics provide high
performance of the products.

17. 17
EPS vs CFB
EPS : EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE
CFB : CORRUGATED FIBER BOARD

18. Packaging :
 Food products and cold drinks or carry-out meals.
 polystyrene is a versatile and cost-effective solution for rigid packaging
and food service disposables.
Consumer electronics :
 leading choice for media enclosures, cassette tape housing and clear
jewel boxes, to protect CD's and DVD's.
Construction:
 Polystyrene resins are the most popular materials for building and
construction applications
Medical:
 PS is used for a wide range of disposable medical applications,
including tissue culture trays, test tubes, petri dishes, and housing for
test kits.
Cosmetics
 containers for talcum powder, cream, shaving soap, tooth powder,
hair cream, kajal, lipstick, etc. 18
APPLICATIONS OF POLYSTYRENE

19.  Extruded polystyrene is usually made with hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-
134a), which have global warming potentials of approximately 1000–
1300 times that of carbon dioxide.
 Non-biodegradable: Discarded polystyrene does not biodegrade for
hundreds of years and is resistant to photolysis.
 Hazardous if improperly burnt: When burnt below 900⁰C up to 90
dangerous compounds can be released (ex: alkyl benzenes,carbon
monoxide)
 The styrene monomer cancer causing agent.
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ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

20. RESIGN IDENTIFICATION CODE FOR RECYCLING OF POLYSTYRENE:
Recycling
number
Image Unicode
symbol
Alternate
Image #
Alternate
Image 0#
Abbreviation Polymer name
06
PS polystyrene
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21. RECYCLING AND ITS ADVANTAGES
• Using recyclables rather than raw material to make new products:
• Could use less energy
• Could result in less pollution
• Saves natural resources
• Saves scarce landfill space
• Could reduce littering
• Could create extra income and jobs
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22. REFERENCES
• Fundamentals of packaging technology by Walter Saroka
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrene
• http://plasticfoodservicefacts.com
• http://www.plasticseurope.org
• http://www.earthresource.org
• http://www.plasticseurope.org
• http://www.ihs.com
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23. THANK YOU
Anilraj.lanka (PG/H/15002)
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