The document summarizes artistic and architectural trends during the Rococo period in the 18th century and the transition to Neoclassicism. Specifically, it discusses how Rococo art featured lavish decoration, curved lines, and themes of aristocratic leisure. It then outlines how the Enlightenment led to a rejection of Rococo themes in favor of Neoclassicism, which took inspiration from classical antiquity and emphasized rational thought and science over tradition. The transition included English painters moving towards more naturalistic styles and the emergence of Neoclassical history painting on both sides of the Atlantic.

1. Ch. 28 - The Rococo French ro caille – pebble or shell Baro cco – baroque

2. Aristocrats parallel in the shift the Baroque to the Rococo Fete galante – which portrays the aristocracy in their leisurely pursuits. Paintings can be seductive Lavish, no straight lines in the Rococo – sophisticated and elegantly refined. Curves are a prominent feature in the Rococo architecture

3. Fragonard – The Swing -1766 Flowers and figures dominate the setting Colors are not thick or richly painted Made for private display

4. Cuvillies – Hall of Mirrors

5. Neumann – Church of the 14 Saints -1743

6. Watteau – The Return from Cythera -1717

7. The Enlightment 18 th Century – revolutions erupted in France and America – ( French, American and Industrial Revolution in England all happened at the same time) Social and economic life dissolved. The Enlightment was a new way to think critically about the world. To think independent of religion, myth and tradition. Questioning theories, god, and now experimenting with science. Voltaire and his writings were very important

8. Hunter – Child in Womb - 1774

9. Joesph Wright of Derby – A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at a Orrery - 1763

10. Darby III & Pritchard – Iron Bridge at Coalbrookdale, England -1776 Bridge made out of iron Previous bridges made out of wood

11. Voltaire and Rousseau Voltaire believed that the salvation of humanity was in advancement of science and the improvement of society Rousseau said that the “arts” had corrupted humanity from its original condition. “ Nature alone must be our guide”

12. Greuze – The Village Bride - 1761

13. Vigee – Lebrun – Self Portrait 1790 Inspired by Rubens Light Rococo touch to the coloring

14. Peter Paul Rubens

15. English Painters & The Enlightment

16. Hogarth – Breakfast Scene - 1745 Reaction against Rococo themes: simple, honest, unaffected, people in natural settings/jobs elimination of ornament direct plain moral genre painting lower classes, non-aristocrats portrayed

17. Gainsborough – Blue Boy -1779 Influenced by Watteau – feathery light – hued landscapes Over 700 portraits exist Influenced by Paul van Dyck

19. Reynolds - Lord Heathfield -1787

20. Gainsborough – Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan -1787 Beaut Beauty of the subject matches the natural surroundings - Aristocratic Rococo sophistication with naturalism

21. Sir Joshua Reynolds – Lord Heathfield - 1787 -Ruddy English Officer -Defended the great rock against the -Spanish and the French, earned the a huge Key to the a fortress as a victory Hands have simple gestures

22. Colonial America Neoclassicism - Neoclassicism inspired by the unearthing of the ruins at Pompeii and books of Johann Winckelmann (first art history book) in 1764 Classical allusions ( with contemporary portraits) 18 th century – Industrial Revolution Enlightment brings on rejection of royal & aristocratic authority Classical Training at academies around Europe and the US

23. Benjamin West – The Death of General Wolfe - 1771

24. Copley – Portrait of Paul Revere -1768

25. Neoclassicism – late 1700s Renewed interest in classical antiquity Fascination with Greek and Roman was widespread ( affected fashion and interior decoration)

26. Kauffmann- Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures -1875 Exemplum virtutis Roman setting

27. David – Oath of the Horatti - 1784 -Story of three Roman Brothers ( the Horatti who do battle with the other brothers the Curiatti) -Exemplum virtutis -Tripartite composition

28. David – The Death of Marat -1793

29. David – The Coronation of Napoleon - 1805

30. Jefferson – Monticello -1770 Symmetrical interior design Tall French doors and windows Inspired by Roman ruins in France

31. Pauline Borghese as Venus -1808