1) The document discusses the key events and figures of the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 16th century, including Martin Luther's dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church and resulting reforms. 2) It profiles influential artists from this period like Durer, Cranach, Bruegel and El Greco, noting how their works reflected and influenced the religious changes taking place across Europe. 3) The document also examines the growth of political powers like Spain and France during this time as well as the development of artistic styles such as realism that flourished in the 15th-16th centuries.

1. Chapter 23 – Age of Reformation

2. Spain most powerful country Spain wants to reform church which leads to the Counter – Reformation Martin Luther Dissatisfaction with church leadership Popes come from powerful families Church deteriorated Private devotions, commissions (such as book of hours) rosaries and paintings increased

3. Imagery during the Reformation Protestant churches bare walls Imagery leads to idols Reformation – sparked iconclasms throughout Northern Europe, destroying much great art work and prohibiting new work to be produced Northern European art is influenced by the achievements of the Renaissance

4. Catholicism vs. Protestantism Allegory of Law and Grace by Lucas Cranach the Elder Woodcut 1530

5. Grunewald- Isenheim Altarpiece Horrors of disease Created for a Monastic Hospital

9. Durer – Last Supper 1523 Agent sold prints Very in tune with Lutherism 1 st lawsuit Popular in Flanders

10. Durer Last Supper 1523

11. Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 1498

12. Durer- 4 Apostles 1526 Durer supports Lutheranism John and Peter (left) Mark and Paul ( right) Bible No false prophets

13. Durer – The Fall of Man 1504 Vitruvian Theory of human proportions Classical Statues Engraving Crucial Moment

14. Durer- The Great Piece of Turf 1503 Scientifically accurate

15. Altdorfer – The Battle of Issus 1529

16. Holbein the Younger – The French Ambassadors 1533 Realism that flourished from 15 th Century Flemish art Two Humanist men Covered in items Anamorphic Image Painter to English Court

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18. France – widespread recognition as a political power Clouet – Francis I 1526 Gold Chain = St. Michael Flat

19. The Louvre - 1546 Redesign ( medieval palace and fortress) Curved and angular Roman arcades French and Italian infused

20. Pieter Aersten – Meat Still Life - 1551

21. Caterina van Hemssen – Self Portrait 1548

22. Back to the Netherlands Gossaert – Neptune & Amphitrite 1516 Netherlands – Philp II of Spain controlled –Protestants Who was Gossaert Influenced by? Doric and Ionic Italy

23. Massys – Money Changer and His Wife 1514 Checking out coins Netherlandish values Prayer book Material world vs. spiritual Balance Mirror – sloth and foolish character Gossip

24. Aertsen – Meat Still life 1551 Hog, chickens, sausages Religious images, Joseph leads a donkey Crossed fishes –pretzels during lent A life of lust and gluttony

25. Caterina van Hemessen – Self portrait 1548 First known self portrait of a woman Confident Pigment Her father trained her

26. Teerlinc - Elizabeth I as Princess 1559 Bruges painter Henry VIII, invited her to paint Elizabeth Headdress and jewelry Elaborate Gown Elizabeth and other powerful woman were avid collectors and patrons

27. Bruegel the Elder 1565 Human Beings and nature, depicted seasonal changes during the year, optically correct, line and shape , landscape

28. Netherlandish Proverbs – 1559 – Bruegel the Elder Like Bosch Proverbs, He bites the column “ beats his head against the wall” “ blind lead the blind”

29. Spain –leader at the end of 16 th Century Burial of Count Orgaz – El Greco - 1586 El Greco – born in Crete emigrated to Italy, went to Titan’s workshop, went to Spain to spend his life there Late Byzantine meets Italian Mannerism Heavy draperies Early conquistadors Counts soul Emotion Expressive