- The document provides an overview of Greek art from the Early Greek period through the Hellenistic period, covering major developments, styles, and works. - Early Greek art was geometric in style and oriented, with the emergence of temples and sculpture influenced by Egypt. The Classical period saw the Parthenon and other temples on the Acropolis, with sculptures like the Riace Bronzes and the Doryphoros. - The Hellenistic period followed the conquests of Alexander and was marked by large monumental sculptures depicting battle, such as the Pergamon Altar friezes.

1. Chapter 5 - Greek Art-

2. Early Greek World 2300BCE

3. Later Greek Colonies

5. Greek Origins Aegean and European traits Formed Independent city states or Poleis Political rule was first by Kings –then by  Tyrants Tyrants overthrown in Athens 2500 years ago. Democracy established Olympics – 776 BCE Greeks regarded themselves as Hellas, rather than Barbarians ( which surrounded the boundaries) Western colonies in Italy = Best preserved temples

6. Greek Humanism Democracy Art, History, Literature Western culture = taken from the Greeks Religion- Like divinities of the Near East, the gods assumed human form and were immortal “ Humans, are the measure of all things” from Philosopher Protagoras Athens - HUGE symbol of Greek Culture - Great Plays held there, Market places, Gymnasiums Socrates and Plato= encouraged philosophy and Plato formulated his idea for the best government Greeks loved exercise, education and daily life Greeks borrowed from Egypt and Near east – owed debts to them

7. Greek Civilization Slavery was natural Greek women were not equal with men Democracy – dominated by white males based on military thinking Greek men – educated with Homer’s Hero’s War- among the city states was atrocious & fell into Rome’s Imperialism

8. The Geometric and Orientalzing Periods Reading and writing lost, frescos sculpting Disappearance of Kings led to loss of knowledge Trade began Homer’s stories memorized Olympic games start

9. Geometric Krater – Athens 740 BCE angular motifs, key/meander patterns = Geometric Style

10. Hero and Centaur Centaur – Greek Invention

11. Orientalizing Art Mantiklos Apollo Bronze, 700-800 BCE Thebes, Greece Statue made for a god for a favor in return Characteristics -

12. Corinthian black figure amphora with animal friezes 625-600 BCE Organized bands What influence?

13. Stone Temples 625 BCE Trading with Egypt the Greeks saw the monumental sculpture of the Egyptians Temple A for unknown deity

14. Lady of Auxerre – 650 BCE Statue of a goddess of Kore Gesture of Prayer Daedalic

15. Kouros – 600 BCE Like Egyptian sculptures Funerary sculpture– stood over grave Similar to Egyptian however very different Liberated from stone block Nude

16. Calf Bearer- Greece 560 BCE Offering Left foot forward – trait of Kouri Archaic Statue Smile V shape body Thin Cloak

17. Krisos Boy – Greece 530 BCE Died a Hero’s death Skin left natural color Polished (eyes, lips, drapery were painted encaustic)

18. Peplos Kore – 530 BCE What shape is the Peplos Kore? Kore and other sculptures had been knocked over by the Persians during their sack of the acropolis in 480bce Not sure if figure is goddess or Maiden

19. Kore from the Acropolis, Athens 520-510BCE

20. Early Greek Arch. Early Greek arch. did not survive due to the use of mudbrick Oak columns were replaced with Marble Their temples influenced western world Greek Temple shrines – the altar lay outside the temple – at the east end facing the rising sun (cult sculpture outside of temple) Greeks used proportion in their temple plans Classical temples are longer Harmony and music was in proportion

21. Doric and Ionic Temples

22. Doric and Ionic Temples

23. Greek Arch. ( Balance and Clarity) 550BCE Used columns for load bearing not like Egyptians Temple of Hera I Cella is split in middle Doric Capitals

25. West Pediment from the Temple of Artemis – 600-580 BCE Pediment What is the problem with Pediments? Arm bent ( pinwheel) Gorgon Medusa, Chrysaor and pegasus – Medusa’s Children ---

26. Reconstruction of the Siphnian Treasury – Delphi, Greece 530 BCE Set up for storage of offerings and votives Caryatid- A female figure that supports a column Frieze on all 4 sides

27. Gigantomachy- From Siphnian Treasury– Delphi 530 BCE -Gigantomachy – battle of gods and giants ( popular theme) -Apollo and Artemis attacking the giants

28. Francois Vase – 570BCE Archaic painted vases Black figure painting Volute with handles By Kleitias and Ergotimos 200 Figures in 6 registers Figures are all from Greek Mythology

30. Exekias - Achilles and Ajax Blk figure ptg 540BCE No horizontal bands Amphora – a jar to hold wine or water

31. Exekias- Achllies and Ajax playing dice game – Bilingual Painting

32. Euphronios – Herkales wrestling Antaios – 510BCE Thinner glaze for giant Compositional human figure not correct

33. Euthymides – 3 Revelers 510BCE

34. Onesimos – Girl Preparing to Bathe

35. Temple of Aphaia- Greece 500-490 BCE Doric columns, displaced Local goddess worship Statue added – placed on central axis

36. Temple plan of Aphaia Three aisles dividing up space Three rooms rooms

37. Dying Warrior from the East Pediment of the Temple of Aphaia – 490-480BCE

38. Dying Warrior from the West Pediment – 500-490 BCE

39. Temple of Hera II – 460 BCE

40. Temple of Zeus – Greece 470-456BCE

42. The Seer 470-456BCE

43. Athena, Herakles and Atlas – with the apples of Hesperides – 470-456BCE Metopes

44. Kritios Boy – 480 BCE Contrapposto (counterbalance)

45. Discus Thrower ( Roman Copy) 450 BCE Tension in body

46. Polykleitos -Doryphorus – 450-440BCE Perfect image of man Well balanced Lost in Pompeii

47. The Athenian Acropolis Reconstruction of the Acropolis after the Persian sack of 480BCE Greeks unite – Delian Unite

48. Iktinos and KALLIKRATES - PARTHENON

49. Parthenon Architects -Iktinos and Kallikrates X = 2y+1 Harmonious Design and mathematical precision Strict guidelines Mixing doric and ionic Irregular shape Athena Statue

50. Phidias Athenia Parthenos in the cella of the Parthenon

51. Lapith vs. Centaurs Almost fully in the round Metopes ( best preserved) Greeks have the upper hand Greek Body

52. East Pediment of Parthenon Helios, Horses and Dionysos ( Herkales) 438 BCE Who did the Pediment celebrate? East pediment damaged when the apse was added to the Partheon Helios emerging Herkales

53. The Three Graces Figures related to each other Clinging Drapery Pose

54. Inner Frieze - Panathenaic Festival Procession –every 4 years in Athens Roles of Deities Aphrodite, left hand to draw her son Eros’s to the Athenians Celebration

55. Propylaia – Acropolis – 437BCE Two orders mixed Acropolis Gateway

57. Erechtheion– Acropolis 437BCE Ionic roof supported columns Doric order was ext. Caryatids(Porch of Maidens) Museum Honored Athenia

58. Temple of Athena Nike -427Bce Monumental, gateway No decoration Ionic Order Amphiprostyle with 4 columns in the front

59. Nike , adjusting her sandal 410 BCE Graceful Delicate incised drapery, revealing body

60. Grave stele of Hegeso, Athens 400BCE

61. Lekythhoi – Perfumed oil flask White ground technique Offerings for deceased Wide range of colors, meant that the owner did not use it as a eveyday object

62. The Late Classical Period Peloponnesian War – 431 BCE- defeat of Athens – Greece drained of stength. Sparta was the victor Greek cities united – Philip II came into power took over, he was then assassinated in 336 and Alexander the Great ( His son) succeeded him. Alexander overthrew Persian Empire, Egypt and reached India

63. Art in Greek Late Classical Period Contrapposto Idealization of forms Polykleitos – canon of proportions Heavy muscles Praxiteles, - great sculpture of his avg., 1/8 of the body heads, and “s” curve frames

64. Praxiteles – Aphrodite of Knidos Sensual She is admired She is taking a cloak off a water jar S curve

65. Hermes and Infant Dionysos – 340BCE S curve Dangle grapes to Hermes Interaction between a child and a adult Delicate

66. Grave Stele of a young hunter – 340BCE

67. Lysippos - Late Classical Sculptor Alexander the Great – selected him for official portrait Heads are roughly 1/8 of the body More slender then Polykleitos Apoxyomenos ( Scraper) Shift in weight, Breaks out of box Scraping oil off Far away look

68. Lysippos - Herkales Weary Herkales Overly muscular prop to hold him up

69. Alexander the Great He believed Lysippos could only capture his portrait Macedonian Court is where he ruled

70. Battle of Issus – 310 BC – Philoxenos of Eretria

72. Polykleitos the Younger – Greece 350BCE Theater, Greece 350 BCE

73. Polykleitos The Younger – 350 BCE Corinthian Capital

74. Hellenistic Period Temple of Apollo Dipteral plan

75. Stoa of Attalos II Agora Athens, Greece 150 BCE Stores 21 shops More common in Hellenistic More widely spaced then temple arch.

76. Altar of Zeus – 175 BCE , Turkey Pergamon ( Alexander’s Empire)

77. Athena battling Alkyoneos – Gigantomachy Frieze - 175 BCE Grabs hair of Alkyoneos Nike crowns Athena Drapery Zeus throws thunderbolts Battle

78. Epigonos – Gallic Chieftain 230bce

79. Dying Gaul – 230 BCE

80. Nike, 190 BCE

81. Alexandros of Antioch on the Meander – Venus de Milo aka Aphrodite

82. Aphrodite, Eros and Pan – 100BCE

83. Seated Boxer – 100-50 BCE

84. Old Market Woman – 150-100 BCE

85. Demosthenes – 280 BCE

86. Laocoon and his Sons- early first century CE