Chapter 2 – Near East
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The document summarizes the origins and developments of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and the Near East. Key points include: 1) The Neolithic Revolution led humans to become farmers and herders in Mesopotamia, laying the foundations for civilization. 2) Major early civilizations like Sumer emerged, with city-states ruled over by different deities. Ziggurats and temples dominated sacred architecture. 3) Art evolved from early votive statues and cylinder seals to monumental sculptures and reliefs glorifying kings as civilizations like Akkadia and Assyria rose and fell in Mesopotamia.
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The document summarizes art and architecture in ancient Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer. It discusses the Neolithic Revolution and development of cities and civilization in Mesopotamia. Sumerian art reflected religious and political structures, with rulers representing gods and temples forming city centers. Early writing developed in Sumer, and art depicted myths like the Epic of Gilgamesh. Art styles and subjects continued under later Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian and Hittite rulers.
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The document discusses the rise of civilization in the Ancient Near East from 3500 BCE to 636 CE. It summarizes the key developments and artistic styles of ancient Mesopotamian cultures like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians. The art evolved from early pictographs to more naturalistic sculptures and reliefs depicting important historical and religious narratives. Architecture advanced from temples and ziggurats to massive palaces and fortified cities.
AT 1000_Lecture 3 Ancient Mesopotamia and Persia.pptx
Mesopotamia was home to some of the earliest civilizations including Sumer and Akkad. Sumer developed writing, city-states, and advances in agriculture. Later, Akkadian rulers like Sargon centralized political power in the region. Important sites include Ur, where artifacts like the Standard of Ur were discovered, and Babylon, where Hammurabi established his law code. Assyria grew powerful under rulers like Ashurnasirpal II, while Persia later dominated the region under Cyrus the Great and structures were built like the Apadana at Persepolis.
Ancient Near East: Chapter 2
- The document provides an overview of ancient Mesopotamian cultures and art from 3500 BCE to 331 BCE, including the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Assyrian, and Persian empires.
- It describes some of the key innovations and developments in this region, such as the first writing system of cuneiform, the building of ziggurats, and advances in sculpture, painting, and architecture using materials like mud bricks, stone, and glazed tiles.
- Several important works of ancient Mesopotamian art are highlighted, including the Standard of Ur, sculptures from Tell Asmar, the Stele of Naram-Sin,
Sumeria
The document provides an overview of the ancient Sumerian civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It discusses that during the Neolithic period, settlements developed along the rivers which eventually evolved into complex cities. This led to significant cultural advancements for the Sumerians, including innovations like the wheel, plow, and irrigation canals. The Sumerians were also the first to develop a system of writing known as cuneiform. Sumerian society was composed of independent city-states each ruled by a priest-king and organized hierarchically. The Sumerians practiced a polytheistic religion and constructed massive ziggarat temples to appease the gods they believed
Mesopotamian Arts
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. It was the site of some of the earliest civilizations, where writing, cities, laws, agriculture, and other early advances were developed. Over thousands of years, various groups including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians dominated the region. Mesopotamian art evolved from early sculpting and painting by the Sumerians to the monumental stone reliefs depicting royal power and conquest under later empires like Assyria and Babylon.
Summer Ap Art History
The document provides an overview of prehistoric and ancient architecture and art from various periods and civilizations, including:
- Stonehenge and its megalith construction from around 3100 BCE.
- Early Sumerian architecture like ziggurats and statuettes from Tell Asmar from 3500-2400 BCE.
- The Standard of Ur showing the earliest representation of a Sumerian army from around 2600-2400 BCE.
- Akkadian victory steles and Babylonian law codes like the Stele of Hammurabi from the 2nd millennium BCE.
- Assyrian sculptures depicting war and hunting scenes from the 9th century BCE.
- Persian
3. Ancient Near East
The document provides information about artworks from ancient Mesopotamian cultures such as Sumer, Akkadia, Babylonia, and Assyria. It describes sculptures, reliefs, and architectural structures related to religious beliefs and practices. Key details include a limestone head from Uruk depicting a goddess, the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin showing the king as divine, and the Ziggurat at Ur constructed from mud bricks with temple stairs. The Law Code of Hammurabi is shown on a black basalt stele with the king and the sun god Shamash. Reliefs from Assyrian palaces portray royal power through hunting and warfare.
Art of the Ancient Near East NOTES de Beaufort
This document provides an overview of artworks and history from the Ancient Near East, including Mesopotamia, Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia, and Persia. It describes important works like the White Temple at Uruk, statues of Gudea and Naram-Sin, the Law Code of Hammurabi, and Lamassu figures. The document also summarizes the Epic of Gilgamesh and the predominant religions, noting the importance of gods like Anu, Enlil, Ishtar and the practice of henotheism. Major time periods covered include the Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Ne
Mesopotamia & Egypt
The document summarizes key aspects of early civilizations that emerged in Mesopotamia and Egypt between 4000 BCE - 200 CE. It describes how the Fertile Crescent's fertile soil and flood patterns supported the rise of Sumerian cities like Ur and Uruk, where innovations included writing systems, architecture, laws, and literature. Egyptian civilization centered around the Nile River, where pharaohs built massive pyramids and the practice of mummification helped with beliefs about the afterlife. Both developed systems of writing - cuneiform clay tablets in Mesopotamia and hieroglyphics in Egypt - to record their cultural and religious traditions.
Week6 mediterranean greek_part1
mediterranean, greek, classical, helenistic, sculpture, ancient, egyptian, art, art appreciation, art history
Art Of The Americas Before 1300 Grace, Nikhil, Kattie
The document provides an overview of art from the Americas before 1300 AD. It describes several early civilizations that developed across North, Central, and South America including the Olmec, Teotihuacan, Maya, Moche, Nazca, Chavin, and Pueblo cultures. These civilizations created sculptures, ceramics, textiles, architecture and other art forms that demonstrated their religious beliefs, social hierarchies, and achievements. The art varied across regions and time periods, with some cultures like the Maya and Teotihuacan building large ceremonial structures and cities.
Hoac i unit iii
The document provides an overview of West Asiatic architecture from 3000 BC to 330 BC. It discusses the geographical, climatic, and religious conditions that influenced architectural styles. Major periods included the Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Persian eras. Characteristics of the architecture included buildings constructed from mudbricks on elevated platforms, temples built as ziggurats, and palaces decorated with bas-reliefs and colorful glazed bricks. Important structures highlighted include the Ziggurat of Ur, Ishtar Gate and Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and the palaces of Khorsabad and Persepolis.
Neareastpresentation (pp tminimizer)
The document provides an overview of art from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, focusing on key developments, styles, and works. In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians developed one of the earliest writing systems, cuneiform, as well as advances in architecture like ziggurats and temples. Important works mentioned include the Standard of Ur, depicting war and peace scenes, and the Bull Lyre with narrative carvings. Rulers like Naram-Sin and Gudea had their achievements commemorated in steles and sculptures following conventions of the time. Both regions featured polytheistic religions integrated with government where kings embodied gods.
Mesopotamia and the Near East: Foundation of Western Culture
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was the site of early agricultural developments and the world's first cities. Key Mesopotamian civilizations included Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylon. Writing developed from tokens used for accounting to the cuneiform script on clay tablets. Major cities such as Uruk, Ur, and Babylon featured ziggurats, temples, and palaces at their cores and traded extensively by river and overland routes. Recurring themes in Mesopotamian art, literature, and religion included war, powerful rulers, and gods and goddesses like Ishtar.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia was the site of some of the earliest civilizations due to its fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Natural levees along the rivers allowed for irrigation, farming, and the establishment of cities like Ur and Babylon. Sumerians developed systems of governance, religion, trade, mathematics, and the earliest form of writing called cuneiform to record their achievements, laying the foundations for later civilizations.
ARTID111 Ancient Near East Art - Part 2
The document provides an overview of ancient art from the Near East, including the cultures of Elam, Assyria, Neo-Babylonia, Achaemenid Persia, and Sasanid Persia. It describes important time periods and locations for each culture and includes images and descriptions of representative artworks such as statues, reliefs, and architectural structures.
Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian
The Akkadian Empire was the first empire in Mesopotamia, established in 2334 BCE by Sargon I who conquered Sumeria and created a dynasty that ruled the region for generations. The Akkadians introduced concepts like absolute monarchy and divine kingship, believing the king was a living god. The empire reached its height under Naram-Sin in the 22nd century BCE and artistic expression flourished. The empire later collapsed but was followed by a resurgence of Sumerian culture under rulers like Gudea who revived religious traditions and commissioned statues and temples.
Exam 2 review presentation 1 -middle east
The document provides information on various artifacts and structures from ancient Mesopotamian civilizations including Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. It describes ziggurats, votive figures, stelae, legal codes like the Code of Hammurabi, cuneiform writing, citadels and palaces, cylinder seals, and early coinage from Lydia including coins from the reign of King Croesus. The document contains details on the purpose, materials, and imagery of these artifacts that provide insight into ancient Near Eastern cultures.
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AT 1000_Lecture 3 Ancient Mesopotamia and Persia.pptx
AT 1000_Lecture 3 Ancient Mesopotamia and Persia.pptx
Art Of The Americas Before 1300 Grace, Nikhil, Kattie
Art Of The Americas Before 1300 Grace, Nikhil, Kattie
Mesopotamia and the Near East: Foundation of Western Culture
Mesopotamia and the Near East: Foundation of Western Culture
More from Laura Moakley
Ch.28 Rococo
The document summarizes artistic and architectural trends during the Rococo period in the 18th century and the transition to Neoclassicism. Specifically, it discusses how Rococo art featured lavish decoration, curved lines, and themes of aristocratic leisure. It then outlines how the Enlightenment led to a rejection of Rococo themes in favor of Neoclassicism, which took inspiration from classical antiquity and emphasized rational thought and science over tradition. The transition included English painters moving towards more naturalistic styles and the emergence of Neoclassical history painting on both sides of the Atlantic.
Ch22 highrenaissanceandmannerism
The document provides an overview of major artists and artistic developments during the High Renaissance and Mannerism periods in the 15th-17th centuries. Key figures discussed include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. Their most famous works incorporating developments in areas like anatomy, perspective, and new styles are described, as well as architectural achievements of the time. The emergence of Mannerism as a more elegant and sophisticated style is also covered.
Ch. 33 Modern art
Modern Art saw many developments in the 20th century including two World Wars, the Great Depression, and scientific/technological advances like Einstein's theory of relativity and the atom bomb. New art movements emerged like Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Bauhaus, De Stijl, Pop Art, Minimalism, and more that experimented with color, form, materials, and concepts like incorporating everyday objects and mass culture into art. Major artists included Picasso, Matisse, Duchamp, Pollock, Warhol, and more who pushed artistic boundaries and influenced the evolution of modern art.
Themes of ap_art_to_the_5_07_exam
The document lists past AP art history exam themes and sample questions. It provides examples of 14 different themes that have appeared on exams from 1993 to 2007, including themes about art and technology, nature, symbolism, narration, traditions, the human figure, patronage, power/authority, text/images, sacred space, light, portraiture, self-portraits, and religious buildings. For each theme, it outlines questions students may be asked to compare and analyze two works of art that illustrate that theme.
ROME
The document provides an overview of Roman history from the Roman Republic to the Early Empire period. It discusses Roman architecture such as barrel vaults, groin vaults, and domes. It describes temples, funerary reliefs, and portraits from this time. It also summarizes Pompeii and the cities of Vesuvius before the 79 CE eruption. Important emperors like Augustus, Trajan, Hadrian, and the Antonines are briefly mentioned along with some of their architectural accomplishments.
Pre historic art
The document discusses three prehistoric artworks: the Venus of Willendorf, an exaggeratedly rounded female fertility figurine from 28,000-25,000 BCE; paintings in the Lascaux Caves in France including primitive handprints; and Stonehenge, a megalithic monument in England built from 2550-1600 BCE using large vertical stones topped with a lintel.
Ch. 13 Islam
- Islam originated in the 7th century Arabia and was founded by the prophet Muhammad. His message resonated strongly with Arabs and the religion spread widely across North Africa, the Middle East, parts of Spain, India, and Central Asia.
- The chief building for Muslim worship is the mosque. Early mosques were influenced by Roman and Byzantine architecture and incorporated elements like hypostyle prayer halls with arched colonnades.
- Over time, Islamic architecture developed distinctive features like domes, minarets, mihrabs, and intricate decorative elements including calligraphy, mosaic tiles, and muqarnas vaulting. Major historic mosques were built in places like Jerusalem, Syria, Tunisia, Andalusia
Ch. 19 Gothic to Renaissance
The document summarizes developments in art from the Gothic to Renaissance periods in Italy. Key events included the Black Death that killed millions, weakening the Catholic Church and leading to the Great Schism. Humanism rose, with interest in Roman and Greek art and literature. Artists like Giotto and Duccio abandoned some medieval conventions, adding illusionism, emotion, and naturalism to works. Their innovations marked the shift from Gothic to early Renaissance styles in Italy.
ch. 18 Gothic art
Gothic art originated in France in the 12th century and spread to other parts of Europe. It featured rib vaulting that allowed churches to be built taller with higher ceilings. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame and Chartes featured rose windows, flying buttresses, and intricate jamb sculptures depicting biblical scenes. Money to build these massive churches was raised through the selling of indulgences which pardoned sins.
Ch. 9 Etruscan pp
Etruscan art flourished in the 6th century BCE, as seen in ornate wooden temples with Doric columns and terracotta statuary that housed the gods. Notable artworks include the statue of Apollo from a temple roof and a sarcophagus with a reclining couple. Etruscan tombs from the period accommodated generations of families and featured stucco reliefs and murals depicting domestic scenes and entertainers that connected the living with the dead. After 509 BCE, when the Romans expelled the last Etruscan kings, Etruscan dominance declined as tomb construction and luxury goods decreased, though bronze sculptures like the Capitoline Wolf remained.
Chapter 23 – Baroque art –
1) The document discusses the key events and figures of the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation in the 16th century, including Martin Luther's dissatisfaction with the Catholic Church and resulting reforms.
2) It profiles influential artists from this period like Durer, Cranach, Bruegel and El Greco, noting how their works reflected and influenced the religious changes taking place across Europe.
3) The document also examines the growth of political powers like Spain and France during this time as well as the development of artistic styles such as realism that flourished in the 15th-16th centuries.
Chapter 11 Christitan art
Early Christian art incorporated symbols and imagery from both Roman imperial styles and Jewish traditions to represent their new faith. Scenes from the Old Testament like the story of Jonah were popular subjects in places like the catacombs of Rome. As Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire under Constantine, new church buildings like Old St. Peter's in Rome combined the forms of imperial architecture with Christian themes and symbols of faith.
Chapter 5 Greek
- The document provides an overview of Greek art from the Early Greek period through the Hellenistic period, covering major developments, styles, and works.
- Early Greek art was geometric in style and oriented, with the emergence of temples and sculpture influenced by Egypt. The Classical period saw the Parthenon and other temples on the Acropolis, with sculptures like the Riace Bronzes and the Doryphoros.
- The Hellenistic period followed the conquests of Alexander and was marked by large monumental sculptures depicting battle, such as the Pergamon Altar friezes.
Chapter 4 – Prehistoric Aegean
1) The document summarizes prehistoric Aegean cultures including the Minoans of Crete and the Mycenaeans.
2) The Minoans were known for their large palaces at sites like Knossos and had an advanced civilization with complex architecture, art, and religion centered around figures like the Minotaur.
3) The Mycenaeans built massive fortified citadels and palaces, as seen at sites like Tiryns and Mycenae, defended by monumental stone lions gate carvings, and buried their rulers in treasuries with gold funerary masks.
Chapter 3 egyptian art
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian art and architecture from approximately 2500 BCE to 1290 BCE. It describes early artifacts like the Narmer Palette that showed the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Mastabas and pyramids were built to house belongings and ensure happiness in the afterlife. The Old Kingdom saw the rise of massive pyramids at Giza for pharaohs like Khufu. The Middle Kingdom era featured rock-cut tombs and statues of rulers like Senusret III. Notable structures from the New Kingdom include Hatshepsut's mortuary temple, Ramses II's temples, and Akhenaten's artistic changes during his religious revolution.
Chap9 etruscans
The document provides information about the Etruscans, including that they were a fusion of immigrant and native populations in Italy who had an influence on Greek colonies and art in Italy. It describes early Etruscan art as being skilled at sea trade and reflective of trade, with Greco-Roman gods similar to Greek gods. Specific Etruscan temples and tombs from the 6th century BCE are discussed, noting architectural differences from Greek structures and the use of terracotta statues and reliefs.
Chap 21 15th century italian art humanism and antiquity
1) During the 15th century in Italy, humanism and a renewed interest in antiquity influenced art and culture. Artists drew inspiration from Greek and Roman works as well as from early Italian works like Dante's Divine Comedy.
2) Wealthy families like the Medicis in Florence became important patrons of the arts, commissioning works from major artists of the time like Donatello, Brunelleschi, and Botticelli.
3) Artists developed new techniques like linear perspective and illusionistic effects that drew upon principles of classical art and architecture. Major works from this period include Donatello's David, Brunelleschi's dome for Florence Cathedral, and Botticelli
Ch20 15th century art in northern europe and spain
1) The document discusses art in Northern Europe and Spain during the 15th century, a time of economic and political changes.
2) A key development was the rise of oil painting in Flanders, which allowed for new techniques like glazing layers of color to create illusionistic effects.
3) Major artists from this period included Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hieronymus Bosch. Their works often had religious subjects and used oil painting techniques to realistic depict human emotion and drama.
Ch16 Europe after the fall of rome
Early medieval art in Europe between 400-1400 AD saw the decline of the Roman Empire and rise of new powers like the Huns, Vandals, Franks and Goths. Art during this period was used mainly to display status and wealth, as seen in artifacts like belt buckles, weapons and jewelry found in burials. Significant works included the elaborate ship burial at Sutton Hoo in England, decorated with gold and gems, and the carved animal head posts on Viking ships. Hiberno-Saxon art from the British Isles combined Celtic and Anglo-Saxon styles in illuminated gospel books featuring intricate patterns and carpet pages. Carolingian art revived classical Roman styles under Charlemagne in the 9th century, seen
Byzantine art
Byzantine art developed out of eastern Roman imperial art and reflected Christian religious themes. It utilized styles like mosaics, icons, and illuminated manuscripts. Major artistic periods included the Early Byzantine era featuring works like the Hagia Sophia and mosaics of Justinian and Theodora, the Iconoclastic controversy which banned religious images, and the Middle Byzantine period when icons were restored. Art was used to convey religious messages and assert political power in monumental church buildings and luxurious objects.
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Chap 21 15th century italian art humanism and antiquity
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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