The document discusses three major artistic movements: Baroque, Rococo, and New-Classical, detailing their characteristics, prominent artists, and historical contexts. Baroque (1600-1750) is marked by dramatic expression, Rococo (1720-1740) emphasizes ornate and delicate aesthetics, and New-Classical reflects enlightenment ideals through symmetry and classical inspiration. Key works and artists from each period are highlighted, including notable sculptures and paintings from figures like Bernini, Fragonard, and Jacques-Louis David.

1. BAROQUE, ROCOCO
AND NEW-CLASSICISM
Alejandro Torrillas de la Cal I.E.S. Isabel Perillán y Quirós
4ºA 1st May 2012
Rembrandt, The banquet Fragonard, The Swing. Jacques Louis David.
of Baltazar. The Oath of the Horatii

2. BAROQUE
Baroque is a period of the history in the occidental culture which produced works of
art in literature, sculpture, painting, architecture, dance and music and lasted from 1600
to 1750. It’s is located normally between Renaissance and New-Classicism, a period in
which the Catholic European Church had to face the challenge of Protestant
Reformation.
As an artistic style, Baroque appeared during the first decades of the 17th century and it
spread from Italy to the rest of Europe. For a lot of time, Baroque had a pejorative
meaning, which meant excessive and irrational. This conception changed at the end of
the 19th century with the works of Jacob Burckhardt ,Benedetto Croce and Eugeni
d'Ors.
Bernini, Rape of Prosperina.

3. BAROQUE
“Baroque” comes from the Portuguese word “Baroco”, an
irregularly shaped pearl. This term expresses something confuse
and impure, a caprice of nature or an extravagance of thought.
Filipo della Valle, Anunciation

4. The main artists were:
Jacopo Amigoni in painting
Venus and Adonis and Birth of Venus

5. Pedro de Ribera
Pedro de Ribera in Architecture,
Old Hospice in Madrid

6. José de Churriguera
Architect and sculptor of altarpieces too
Altarpiece of San Esteban

7. RO CO CO
Portrait of Mademoiselle Henriette, by Jean-Marc
1720-1740

8. Rococo is an artistic movement born in France that developed from
1720 to 1740. The word Rococo was invented in 1797 as a joke by
Pierre-Maurice Quavs, which supposedly was an association of the
French words “rocaille” and “Baroque”,. The first one means
ornamentation which imitates the stones and some curved forms of
cloisters. This word had a pejorative meaning until the 19th century.
Mercury by Jean Baptist Pigalle

9. Rococo is defined as an individualist and courtier art. It’s characterized
by the use of bright, soft, delicate and clear colors. There’s a
predominance of the nature, mythology, the beauty of naked bodies,
the oriental art (exotic things, places…) and specially lovely and
gallant themes. It hadn’t any religious influence, it tackled topics about
daily life and human relationships, with a style which searched the
reflection of what is pleasant, refined, exotic and sensual, and it was
an over-elaborated and decorative style.
Interior of Versailles Palace

10. THE MAIN ARTISTS WERE:
Jean Courtonne
In architecture
Château de Villarceaux

11. Jean Baptiste Pigalle
In sculpture
Child with an apple and Self-Portrait.

12. Jean-Antoine Watteau
In painting
Le Enseigne de Gersaint

13. François Boucher
In painting
Young Woman lying down and Madame Boucher

14. NEW CLASSICISM
This esthetic movement came to reflect
the intellectual principles of the
Enlightenment in the 18th century.
Theseus and the Minotaur, Antonio Canova

15. CHARACTERISTICS
 Imitation of human nature
 Art had to be a synthesis of what is beautiful and useful
 The main principles are: imitation, symmetry, coldness and rigidity.
 Artists made emphasis in light values, in the elimination of colors and they
came back to Ancient Rome and Greece.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin

16. Architecture
New-Classicist architecture shared some characteristics with
Romanticism: the addition of expressivity, the exaltation of simplicity
and the clarity of the Classic Greco-Roman structures. An important
factor which influenced New-classicist architecture was the political,
social and economic context of the period, in which the Industrial
Revolution, the crisis of the Ancient Regime and the Enlightenment are
included.
Francesco Sabatini, Alcalá Gate in Madrid

17. Sculpture
New-classicist sculpture was strongly influenced by the memory of the past,
too present if we considered the huge number of pieces excavations were
digging up and also the collections formed for ages. These sculptures were
mainly made with white marble and there was a predominance of the noble
simplicity and the calm beauty that Winckelmann had found in Greek sculpture.
The conceptions about moderation in the expressions and the reproduction of
feelings are rules adopted by New-classicism.
Eros and Psyque , by Antonio Canova The Three Graces

18. Painting
The painters praised the Roman myths, with which the principles of the French
Revolution identified. Their main themes were situations happened in the
Classical Antiquity and in exotic and romantic places of oriental countries.
Death of Marat, by Jacques Louis David The Rape of the Sabines.

19. St Mikulas
It is an 18th century Baroque building made by K. I.
Dientzenhofer and it’s in Prague. It’s considered to be the most
beautiful Baroque construction of Prague. Its construction
started in 1673 and finished in 1711. It was commissioned by
the Jesuits. It’s is full of art in its chambers and from its 65
meters high tower you can see all the neighborhood of Malá
Strana. We can see that it is a Baroque building because of the
spirals, the ellipses and the curved line and also the complex
polycentric figures and the irregular shape of the facade.

20. Cupid
It is a Rococo sculpture made by
Edmé Bouchardon. It’s made of
marble and it was commissioned by
Philibert Oudry, director of the King's
Buildings, in 1739 and it is now in
the Louvre Museum.
In the sculpture we can see Cupid,
who stole Mars’s weapons and
Hercules’s club. Proud of having
disarmed these two formidable
deities, he laughs maliciously. In the
sculpture we can appreciate Cupid’s
naked body and gentle contours, but
it is also overelaborated and it has a
lot of details. The theme of Cupid
stoling Mars’s weapons comes from
Ancient Rome, so we can see
clearly that it is a Rococo sculpture.

21. Na poleon crossing the
Alps
Painted by Jacques Louis David, it's a New-
classicist portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte
painted on oil on a canvas between 1801 and
1805. It was commissioned by the Spanish
ambassador in France. It is now in the Palace of
Charlotteburg. The picture shows Napoleon
Bonaparte riding his horse and crossing the
Alps with his great army. The way in which the
painter drew Napoleon on his horse makes a
sensation of power in the main character. This
painting has two main symbols. The Gesture of
Napoleon shows that there’s no doubt, the
emperor will achieve his objective and the
power he had over his soldiers and his ability of
command and to rule his army made him the
most powerful ruler of the world. On this
painting the names of Hannibal and
Charlemagne appear next to Napoleon’s name
in three rocks on the right corner of the bottom,
declaring him as their heir. We can consider it
as a New-classicist painting because of the
predominance of drawing over the form, the
colors…, It is symmetric and it has an attitude
of superiority. With the symbols, the painter
comes back to the past with the big emperors
as Julius Caesar, Charlemagne…

22. SOURCES
• Cristina Blanco Carrasco and Paqui Pérez Fons. Social
Sciences, History, 4th of E.S.O. Campo de Criptana 2011.
• -Wikipedia 2001 April 21st 2012 http://es.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Rococ%C3%B3#M.C3.BAsica,
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclasicismo#M.C3.BAsica
• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barroco
• -www.louvre.fr, April 2010 Museé de Luovre April 21st
2012
• -www.arteespana.com, August 2007Arteguias de la
Garma April 23rd 2012.