Ch.13.speed
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Speed is defined as the distance an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. It is typically measured in meters per second (m/s). Velocity differs from speed in that it includes both magnitude and direction of motion. Speed can be calculated using the equation: Speed = Distance / Time. Analyzing the slope of a distance-time graph allows one to determine the speed from the graph by calculating rise over run.
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Ch.13.speed
- 1. 1 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
- 2. 2 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
- 3. 3 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 What is speed? Speed is a measure of how far an object moves in a given time. This jet is travelling at 350m/s. This means the jet travels 350 metres every second. This car is travelling at 60 mph. This means the car travels 60 miles every hour.
- 4. 4 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 The speed of an object does not depend on the direction in which it is travelling. The velocity of an object is the speed and direction in which it is moving. The car is travelling north with a velocity of 10m/s. How is velocity different to speed? As the car goes round the corner, the speed of the car remains constant but the velocity changes.
- 5. 5 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 How is speed calculated? The speed of an object can be calculated using this equation: distance travelled time taken speed = Speed is measured in metres per second (m/s). Distance travelled is measured in metres (m). Time taken is measured in seconds (s). The standard unit for speed in physics is m/s, but other units such as kilometres per hour (km/h) are more convenient when measuring the speed of vehicles. Why is this?
- 6. 6 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Calculating speed question A train takes 100 seconds to travel 1,500 m. What is the speed of the train? = 15m/s speed = distance time = 1,500 100
- 7. 7 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Using a formula triangle A formula triangle helps you to rearrange a formula. The formula triangle for speed (s), distance (d) and time (t) is shown below. ÷÷ x Cover the quantity that you are trying to work out, which gives the rearranged formula needed for the calculation. So to find speed (s), cover up s… …which gives the formula… s = d t
- 8. 8 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Calculating speed question A car travels at 25m/s for 3 minutes. How far does it travel? = 4,500m = 4.5km speed = distance time = 25 x 180 distance = speed x time
- 9. 9 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Speed, distance, time calculations
- 10. 10 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007
- 11. 11 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Representing speed
- 12. 12 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Analyzing distance–time graphs
- 13. 13 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Calculating speed from the gradient The slope of a graph is called the gradient. The gradient of the line in a distance–time graph equals the speed. It is difficult to calculate the gradient of ‘realistic’ graphs because the line is curved. Simple graphs use straight lines only, making it easy to calculate the gradient. time distance time distance
- 14. 14 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 What’s the speed? What is the speed of the object between points A and B? time (s) distance(m) 0 21 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B the object has moved 60m (70 - 10) it took 3s to move this distance (6 - 3) speed = distance/time = 60/3 = 20m/s
- 15. 15 of 46 © Boardworks Ltd 2007 Calculating speed from graphs
Editor's Notes
- Photo credit (top left): Steve Ford Elliott Photo credit (bottom right): Philip MacKenzie Teacher notes Students could be asked why the non-SI ‘mph’ is the most common unit used when talking generally about speed. Relevant points include the UK’s historical use of miles as the unit of distance, and the use of mph on speed limits.
- Photo credit: Jerry Pank
- Photo credit: Crispin Proctor
- Teacher notes This activity can be used as an introduction to speed as a function of distance and time, and could lead on to a discussion about different ways to collect and represent scientific data.
- Teacher notes This animated graph is the same as the one shown at the end of the activity on the previous slide, and introduces the idea that the gradient of distance–time graphs can provide qualitative information about the speed of an object. Students should be made aware that non-uniform (variable) speed indicates the object is accelerating or decelerating.
- Teacher notes This multiple-choice quiz could be used as a plenary activity to assess students’ understanding of calculating the speed from the gradient of a distance–time graph.