Week 7 10 turning effects
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This document discusses balanced and unbalanced forces. It defines a moment as a turning effect caused by a force, and explains that the size of a moment depends on two factors: the size of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot point. It provides the moment equation and gives examples of moments, including a see-saw. It introduces the principle of moments, which states that for an object to be balanced, the sum of clockwise moments must equal the sum of anticlockwise moments. Finally, it defines the center of mass as the point where all the mass of an object seems to be concentrated.
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Week 7 10 turning effects
- 1. 1 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009
- 2. © Boardworks Ltd 20092 of 32
- 3. 3 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Balanced and unbalanced forces When forces in opposite directions have the same value, they cancel each other out. The forces are balanced. The object is either stationary or moves at a constant speed. If the forces on an object are not balanced, there is a resultant force, and the object accelerates in the direction of this force.
- 4. 4 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Turning effects from balanced forces
- 5. 5 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Examples of turning effects These are some examples of everyday turning effects: Can you think of any more?
- 6. © Boardworks Ltd 20096 of 32
- 7. 7 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What is a moment? A moment is a turning effect caused by a force. The size of the turning effect caused by a force depends on two factors. What are they? The bigger the force, the larger the turning effect. The larger the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the point where the force is applied, the larger the turning effect.
- 8. 8 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 In this example, the forces are constant, but the larger the perpendicular distance, the faster the roundabout accelerates: The moment equation moment (Nm) = force (N) × perpendicular distance from pivot (m) The size of a moment obeys the moment equation: perpendicular distance force
- 9. 9 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Perpendicular distances
- 10. 10 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 When Mark and Tim lift their feet off the ground, what will happen to the see-saw? Clockwise and anticlockwise moments The force of gravity creates a turning effect on each person. On the left-hand side, it creates an anticlockwise moment. On the right-hand side, it creates a clockwise moment. The clockwise moment is larger than the anticlockwise moment, so the see-saw will turn in a clockwise direction. Tim Mark
- 11. 11 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 The principle of moments If an object is balanced about a pivot, then we can say that: sum of anticlockwise moments This is the principle of moments. So, the forces on an object must obey two conditions to keep the object completely stationary: sum of clockwise moments= 1. The forces must be balanced. 2. The moments must be balanced.
- 12. 12 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 Using the principle of moments
- 13. © Boardworks Ltd 200913 of 32
- 14. 14 of 32 © Boardworks Ltd 2009 What is a centre of mass? Can you balance a ruler on the flat end of a pencil? If so, where do you put the pencil to make it balance? The point at which all the mass of an object seems to be concentrated is called its centre of mass. The ruler is stationary when the moments from the weights of its entire length balance out. This is equivalent to one weight force acting through the centre of the ruler.
Editor's Notes
- Photo credit (all): © 2009 Jupiterimages Corporation
- Teacher notes This activity tests pupils’ understanding of both the moment equation and the principle of moments. Set up a combination of weights on the left-hand side of the scales and ask pupils to work out what to add to the right-hand side to balance the scales. Pupils could also be asked to think of as many different solutions as possible to each problem. Arrangements of weights on the left (and some possible answers) might include: 400g at 10cm (400g at 10cm; 200g at 20cm; 800g at 5cm) 100g at 17cm (100g at 17cm is the only solution) 700g at 20cm (using all four hooks: 600g at 10cm with 400g at 20cm; 1000g at 12cm with 100g at 20) 100g at 20cm, 12cm and 6cm (200g at 19cm is the only solution)