The document discusses various concepts related to motion including: - Motion depends on the point of reference used and can be relative. - Distance is the total length traveled while displacement is the straight line distance between initial and final positions. - Speed is the rate of change of an object's position with time, while velocity includes both speed and direction of motion. - Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time and can be positive (increasing velocity) or negative (decreasing velocity). - Graphs of displacement vs time and velocity vs time can provide information about an object's motion like speed, acceleration, and distance traveled.

2. Motion
Virtual Motion
Relative motion
Point of
reference
Distance
Displacement
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Deceleration
Uniform motion
Uniformly
acceleration
motion
Science Words

3. Use the ground as
reference! What she is

4. Use the ground as reference

5. Use the ground as reference

6. Motion is a change of position with respect to
a point of reference.
Point of reference is something that is
considered fixed and used as a comparison.
Motion very dependent on point of reference
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7. .....
Motion dependent on point of reference
is relative motion
Virtual motion is looks like motion but
actually it is not motion, example:
Sun rises in the east and sets in the west
When you are inside a moving bus and look
towards the window you will see trees
moving away from you.

8. Distance = 200 m
Displacement = 200 m to rigth
200
m
What is difference
between distance and
displacement?

9. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A C
B
2 134
Distance = 13 m
Displacement = 5 m to
m
What is difference
between distance and
displacement?

10. Distance is length of all lines passed
through by an object
scalar quantity -> have: magnitude and
unit
Diplacement is position change of an
object from the initial point
Vector quantity -> have: magnitude,
unit, and direction

11. Distance = 35 m
Displacement = 15 m to
left
What its distance?
What its
displacement?
10 m
25 m
1.

12. Speed and Velocity

13. 0 4
Time (second)
the moving object is identified by its
change of position of a point of reference
If we want to know how far the
position has changed, we must
know the concept about velocity
Why the change of position of
car is longer than a bicycle?

16. WHAT DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A
DISTANCE AND
A DISPLACEMENT ?
200 m
250 m
150 m
Distance =
Displacement =
A B
C
450 m
150 m
Speed and Velocity
If Budi go to C from
A in 5 seconds that :
Speed =
Velocity =
90 m/s
30 m/s

17. Average speed is the total traveled
distance divided by the total time needed
to travel that distance
Average speed = total distance
total time
v = s1 + s2 + s3 ……
t1 + t2 + t3 ….

18. Symbol: a
Formula:
acceleration = change of
velocity
time taken
SI Unit : m/sec2
The same formula can also be
applied for deceleration, but the
value of a is negative

19. Acceleration denotes the change of
velocity per unit of time. (Vector
Quantity)
acceleration decleration
The formula :
a = vt – v0 or a =
v/t
tt – t0
With : a = acceleration (m/s2)
vt = The final velocity (m/s)
v0 = the initial velocity (m/s)
velocity acceleration velocity acceleratio
n

20. Mathematical relations relating motion
variables are called equation of motion
For motion with constant acceleration, the
variables are:
Displacement : s
Initial velocity : v
Final velocity : u
Constant acceleration : a
Time taken : t

21. A displacement-time graph shows how
the displacement of an object changes
with time.
The gradient of a displacement-time
graph represents the velocity of the
object.

22. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Zero gradient – stationary object

23. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Fixed gradient-uniform velocity

24. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Increasing gradient – increasing velocity

25. Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Decreasing gradient – decreasing velocity

26. Graph distance on
the y-axis and
time on the x-
axis
The velocity is 2
m/s
Slope = rise = distance = speed
run time
N
o
Distanc
e (m)
Time
(s)
1 20 10
2 40 20
3 60 30
4 80 40
5 100 50
6 120 60

27. If something is not
moving, a
horizontal line is
drawn.
If something starts
out slow and then
speeds up, its
change in speed

28. A velocity-time graph shows how the
velocity of an object changes with time.
The gradient of a velocity-time graph
represents the acceleration of the
object.
The area under a velocity-time graph
represents the distance traveled by the
object.

29. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
A B
C
15
20 50 60O
What is the acceleration of the
car during
the part of the journey
represented by:
- OA - AB - BC
What is the total distance
traveled by the
Car?
Calculate the average velocity of
the car
for its whole journey.

30. SEVERAL EXAMPLES OF VELOCITY-
TIME GRAPH
Regular / uniform linier motion
Velocity (m/s)
0 Time (s)
Uniform velocity – zero acceleratio

31. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Increasing acceleration

32. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Uniform deceleration

33. Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
Decreasing acceleration

34. Decreasing deceleration
Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)