The document summarizes the somatic and special senses. It describes the various receptors for senses like touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception. It discusses sensory pathways and processing in the central nervous system. It provides details on specific senses like vision, hearing, balance, smell and taste. Key structures discussed include the eye, ear, cochlea, vestibular system and taste buds.

1. Chapter 12 – Part 1 Somatic and Special Senses PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10 th edition , edited by S.C. Wache for Biol2064.01

2. You are responsible for the following figures and tables : Tab. 12.1 - Information flow. Read TB, p.424 - Somatic Senses. Fig. 12.4 - stretch receptors / Golgi tendon organs. Fig. 12.2 - Define 'referred pain'. Read TB, p.430 - Special Senses - We will focus on the ear and eye. Fig. 12.9, 12.11, Fig. 12.15 (locate hair cell receptors) Fig. 12.16 - Auditory nerve pathway . Fig. 12.24 - Extrinsic muscles of the eye. Fig. 12.25, 12.28, 12.31 Fig. 12.32 - photoreceptors - rods and cones. Clinical Application 12.5 - far-sightedness (hyperopia); near-sightedness (myopia). Fig. 12.41 - Visual nerve pathway .

10. Fig. 12.3

16. Fig. 12.5

19. Fig. 12.7

22. External Ear (Fig. 12.9) – The outer auricle or pinna collects sound waves. External auditory meatus : canal that passes into the temporal bone, directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). Ceruminous glands line the canal and secrete ear wax.

23. Middle Ear (Fig. 12.10) Note the entrance to the cochlea, the oval window right at the stapes. Note the exit at the round window.

26. Inner Ear (Fig.12.11) Note the cochlea. Note the vestibule with utricle and saccule in front of the cochlea.

29. Fig. 12.14 Note the organ of corti.

32. Fig. 12.13 Note the hair cells and cochlear nerve.

33. Fig. 12.16

36. Fig. 12.19

41. Fig.12.24

43. Fig. 12.26 Note the aqueous and vitreous humor. Note the iris.

48. Fig. 12.32

49. Fig. 12.34

50. Fig. 12.34

53. Function of the Lens: Bend and focus parallel waves of light (Fig. 12.A, p. 457).

54. Note that, on the retina, the image is reversed by the action of the lens.

59. Fig.12.41 Note cranial nerve II, decussating at the optic chiasma, and interpretation in the visual cortex of the cerebrum.