Biomechanical terms
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Force is a push or pull that results from the interaction between two objects. There are two types of forces: contact forces like friction and normal force which require touching, and non-contact forces like gravity and magnetism which act over a distance. Gravity is a non-contact force that pulls objects with mass towards each other. The more mass an object has, the more gravitational force pulls on it, resulting in its weight. Instantaneous velocity and acceleration refer to an object's speed and rate of change of speed at a precise moment in time, as opposed to average values over an interval.
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Inertia is an object's resistance to changes in motion. The heavier an object, the greater its inertia and the more force needed to move or stop it. Momentum is an object's mass multiplied by its velocity. Impulse is the force applied to an object over time. The greater the force or longer it is applied, the greater the impulse. Sports involve all three basic types of motion: linear, where all parts move the same distance in the same direction at the same time; angular, where the body rotates around an axis; and general, which is a combination.
BIOMECHANICS OF POSTURE
This document discusses the biomechanics of posture. It defines posture as the relative arrangement of body parts in relation to gravity. There are static and dynamic types of posture. The biomechanics of posture involves analyzing the kinetics and kinematics of all body segments. Perfect posture reduces stress on muscles and joints. However, the erect human posture is less stable than quadrupedal postures due to a smaller base of support and the location of the center of gravity being further from the base. Proper balance and control of posture depends on compensating for forces from gravity and maintaining stability of individual body segments and the whole body.
Biomechanical concept of exercise
This document discusses key biomechanical concepts related to strength training exercises. It defines biomechanics as the study of movement and the forces acting on the human body. It emphasizes the importance of stability when performing exercises with free weights to ensure safety and effectiveness. It describes the components of force, angle of muscle pull, inertia, and Newton's laws of motion. It also discusses concepts like work, power, levers, and the equal and opposite reaction principle and how they relate to weightlifting and bodybuilding exercises.
Muscular analysis completed tables
This document summarizes several upper body, trunk, and lower body exercises including the joints involved, movement at each joint, activated muscles, and whether the muscle contraction is concentric or eccentric. Exercises described include biceps curls, chest press, lat pulldowns, prone extensions, squats, dips, and crunches. The document concludes by asking which 3 exercises would provide maximum benefit, listing squats, deadlifts, dips, and pull-ups as options.
Biomechanics of knee complex 7 muscles
The document discusses the muscles that act on the knee joint. It describes the seven muscles that flex the knee - the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, and gastrocnemius. It also discusses the four knee extensor muscles which make up the quadriceps group. Additionally, it explores how some muscles like the hamstrings and gastrocnemius act as both flexors and extensors depending on the position of other joints they cross.
Ch.8 biomechanics & sports
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its importance in sports. It discusses various types of movements like flexion, extension, and rotation. It also explains Newton's laws of motion and how they apply to sports like throwing and swimming. Additionally, it covers friction and the advantages it provides for gripping equipment as well as the disadvantages of excess friction. The document aims to educate students on biomechanics and human movement patterns in sports.
Chapter 1 biomechanic
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical aspects of living organisms, including the forces that cause or result from their motion. It has two main sub-branches: statics which studies systems at rest or in constant motion, and dynamics which studies accelerated systems. Biomechanists study questions like what lifting techniques minimize stress on the low back, what pitching mechanics reduce joint stresses, and what elements of running technique enable some sprinters to outperform others. Biomechanics analysis can be qualitative, pertaining to motion without numbers, or quantitative, using measurable values like speed, height and mass.
Biomechanics of TF.ppt
This document discusses biomechanics considerations for individuals with a transfemoral (above-knee) amputation. It addresses knee stability during walking, which can be achieved voluntarily through muscle action or involuntarily through prosthetic knee alignment and mechanism. Heel strike is identified as the most unstable phase of gait due to the location of ground reaction forces creating knee flexion moments. To gain stability, the amputee must contract hip extensors to position the prosthetic knee behind the ground reaction forces. Socket forces are also examined at different phases of gait, with pressure typically found at the ischial tuberosity, medial proximal aspect, and lateral distal aspect. Short stumps present additional challenges for stabilizing the pelvis
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Inertia is an object's resistance to changes in motion. The heavier an object, the greater its inertia and the more force needed to move or stop it. Momentum is an object's mass multiplied by its velocity. Impulse is the force applied to an object over time. The greater the force or longer it is applied, the greater the impulse. Sports involve all three basic types of motion: linear, where all parts move the same distance in the same direction at the same time; angular, where the body rotates around an axis; and general, which is a combination.
BIOMECHANICS OF POSTURE
This document discusses the biomechanics of posture. It defines posture as the relative arrangement of body parts in relation to gravity. There are static and dynamic types of posture. The biomechanics of posture involves analyzing the kinetics and kinematics of all body segments. Perfect posture reduces stress on muscles and joints. However, the erect human posture is less stable than quadrupedal postures due to a smaller base of support and the location of the center of gravity being further from the base. Proper balance and control of posture depends on compensating for forces from gravity and maintaining stability of individual body segments and the whole body.
Biomechanical concept of exercise
This document discusses key biomechanical concepts related to strength training exercises. It defines biomechanics as the study of movement and the forces acting on the human body. It emphasizes the importance of stability when performing exercises with free weights to ensure safety and effectiveness. It describes the components of force, angle of muscle pull, inertia, and Newton's laws of motion. It also discusses concepts like work, power, levers, and the equal and opposite reaction principle and how they relate to weightlifting and bodybuilding exercises.
Muscular analysis completed tables
This document summarizes several upper body, trunk, and lower body exercises including the joints involved, movement at each joint, activated muscles, and whether the muscle contraction is concentric or eccentric. Exercises described include biceps curls, chest press, lat pulldowns, prone extensions, squats, dips, and crunches. The document concludes by asking which 3 exercises would provide maximum benefit, listing squats, deadlifts, dips, and pull-ups as options.
Biomechanics of knee complex 7 muscles
The document discusses the muscles that act on the knee joint. It describes the seven muscles that flex the knee - the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis, popliteus, and gastrocnemius. It also discusses the four knee extensor muscles which make up the quadriceps group. Additionally, it explores how some muscles like the hamstrings and gastrocnemius act as both flexors and extensors depending on the position of other joints they cross.
Ch.8 biomechanics & sports
This document provides an overview of biomechanics and its importance in sports. It discusses various types of movements like flexion, extension, and rotation. It also explains Newton's laws of motion and how they apply to sports like throwing and swimming. Additionally, it covers friction and the advantages it provides for gripping equipment as well as the disadvantages of excess friction. The document aims to educate students on biomechanics and human movement patterns in sports.
Chapter 1 biomechanic
Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical aspects of living organisms, including the forces that cause or result from their motion. It has two main sub-branches: statics which studies systems at rest or in constant motion, and dynamics which studies accelerated systems. Biomechanists study questions like what lifting techniques minimize stress on the low back, what pitching mechanics reduce joint stresses, and what elements of running technique enable some sprinters to outperform others. Biomechanics analysis can be qualitative, pertaining to motion without numbers, or quantitative, using measurable values like speed, height and mass.
Biomechanics of TF.ppt
This document discusses biomechanics considerations for individuals with a transfemoral (above-knee) amputation. It addresses knee stability during walking, which can be achieved voluntarily through muscle action or involuntarily through prosthetic knee alignment and mechanism. Heel strike is identified as the most unstable phase of gait due to the location of ground reaction forces creating knee flexion moments. To gain stability, the amputee must contract hip extensors to position the prosthetic knee behind the ground reaction forces. Socket forces are also examined at different phases of gait, with pressure typically found at the ischial tuberosity, medial proximal aspect, and lateral distal aspect. Short stumps present additional challenges for stabilizing the pelvis
Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing Techniques of Manual Examination[001...
Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing Techniques of Manual Examination[001...DianayanethIllanosnu
This document provides an alphabetical list of muscles of the human body. It includes the name of each muscle and its Latin name or names in brackets. There are over 200 muscles listed with their associated actions or locations. The list begins with muscles starting with the letter A and continues through the alphabet to muscles starting with Z. It serves as a reference for learning the various muscles of the body.biomechancs kinematic concepts
This document discusses kinematic concepts for analyzing human motion. It defines anatomical reference position and provides directional terms to describe body positions. It also introduces reference planes and axes used to define types of motion like linear, angular and general motion. Specific motions in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes are identified. Finally, it discusses qualitative analysis of human motion through prerequisite knowledge, planning observations, conducting analysis, and communicating findings.
Recent advances in Manipulative Medicine
What new techniques are been used in manipulative medicine and physical therapy that help the patients to recover better and address their condition by various approaches where surgery is not required.
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The document discusses key concepts in biomechanics including:
- Characteristics of linear, angular, and general motion.
- Centre of gravity and how it can change depending on body position.
- Line of gravity and base of support in relation to stability.
- Newton's laws of motion and how they apply to human movement.
- Force summation and how multiple body parts can work together to maximize force.
- Projectile motion principles like gravity, speed, height, and angle of release that influence how objects are thrown or projected.
Biomechanics of ADL-I
This document discusses biomechanics and activities of daily living. It defines biomechanics as the study of mechanics in the human body. Functional biomechanics looks at the link between the human body and its environment. Biomechanics consists of kinematics, the description of motion, and kinetics, the forces producing motion. Common activities like running, lifting, and walking are analyzed in terms of joint motion and ground reaction forces. Proper form and muscle engagement can reduce stresses, as seen in squat lifting versus stoop lifting.
Running biomechanics
Running requires greater balance, muscle strength, and joint range of motion compared to walking. During running, the ground reaction forces and center of pressure increase to 250% of body weight, double that of walking. The gait cycle of running consists of stance and swing phases. Key differences from walking include less time in contact with the ground, greater joint motion, and more eccentric muscle work. Running utilizes a float period where both feet are off the ground, distinguishing it from walking. Proper running form involves dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle, as well as flexion and extension of the hip and knee, to efficiently absorb impact and propel the body forward.
Clinical biomechanics
This chapter discusses clinical biomechanics, which applies biomechanics concepts to treat patients. It examines statics and dynamics and how forces affect living organisms. Key topics covered include kinesiology, the forces of gravity, contact, inertia, muscle contraction types, elasticity, force composition and resolution, lever systems, stresses and strains from different load types, and how loading affects biological tissue according to Wolff's law.
Stretching Exercise
Stretching is important before and after exercise to prepare and recover muscles. When muscles are stretched, they are extended to a resistance point which helps muscles and joints. Stretching improves flexibility, prevents injuries, and promotes strength. It also improves running form, performance, coordination and reduces soreness. The document then provides instructions and photos for how to properly perform different stretches, like hamstring stretches while lying down, forward bends while seated, and quad stretches while standing. Stretches should be held for 10-30 seconds until a mild discomfort is felt but not pain.
Planning Speed Training for Team Sports
This document provides guidelines for planning speed training for team sports. It discusses understanding the speed requirements of different sports, acknowledging the physical stimulus of games while knowing games are not optimal for fitness. It outlines considering individual factors when planning. The document recommends annual planning while writing plans in pencil, emphasizing recovery. It discusses applying the correct training tools and following best practice session guidelines. It also notes the importance of logistics, balance, and considering speed training as an ongoing process with windows of opportunity.
ppt of exercise physiolgy.pptx
Exercise physiology is the science of how the body responds and adapts to exercise. It studies both acute and chronic exercise responses across various systems like cardiovascular, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise physiologists work in areas like fitness, rehabilitation, research, and sports to help improve health, performance, and recovery through customized exercise programs. Developing a coaching philosophy outlines one's beliefs regarding the coach's role, athletes' responsibility, importance of competition versus development, and adherence to rules of fair play.
Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
This document provides an overview of biomechanics concepts related to the hip joint, including:
- Forces acting on the hip joint include body weight and forces generated by hip abductor muscles. The joint reaction force is the force generated within the joint in response.
- Parameters like femoral head size, neck length, and offset impact joint stability and the required abductor muscle force. Restoring anatomy reduces joint forces.
- Gait adaptations like limping or using a cane bring the body's center of gravity closer to the hip joint, reducing forces on the joint.
structure of Cervical region
The cervical spine consists of 7 vertebrae divided into upper and lower regions. The upper region includes the atlas (C1) and axis (C2). The atlas forms a ring that supports the skull and allows nodding motions. The axis has a dens that articulates with the atlas to enable rotation. The lower region includes vertebrae C3-C7, which have typical features like transverse processes and articulating facets. Key ligaments like the transverse atlantal ligament and alar ligaments stabilize the atlanto-axial joint to allow mobility while preventing excessive movement.
Biomechanics of lifting
This document discusses the biomechanics of lifting. It defines lifting as moving an object from one location to another, generally involving vertical and horizontal movement. There are two main types of lifts discussed: stoop lifting, which involves trunk flexion without knee bending, and squat lifting, which keeps the spine erect and bends at the hips and knees. Squat lifting is preferable as it reduces pressure on the discs of the spine compared to stoop lifting. Proper lifting technique involves keeping loads close to the body, using both hands to hold the load securely, and choosing the appropriate lift type based on the load and situation.
Biomechanics Of Swimming
The document discusses the biomechanics of different swimming strokes and common shoulder injuries in swimmers. It describes the phases and muscle activity involved in the freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke strokes. It notes that the shoulders are most vulnerable to injury due to the repetitive overhead motion required. Swimmers with painful shoulders often have decreased activity of the serratus anterior and teres minor muscles, resulting in a less stable scapula. Maintaining proper technique can help reduce humeral hyperextension and risk of injury.
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Biomechanics powerpoint 2010
Biomechanics is the study of human movement and the forces acting on the body during motion and rest. It helps identify optimal techniques and allows skills to be broken down. The centre of gravity is the point where the body is balanced and changes based on position. The line of gravity passes through the centre of gravity to the ground. Stability depends on the line of gravity falling within the base of support, which are the contact points with the ground. Newton's laws of motion describe how forces cause and change motion. Forces must be applied optimally through large muscle groups in sequence to maximize momentum. Friction occurs between contacting surfaces and can help or hinder performance.
The Biomechanics of Sprinting
The document discusses the biomechanics of sprinting, focusing on the starting mechanics. It explains that maximum horizontal velocity is achieved in the starting position by placing the body in the optimal biomechanical position to apply force. It describes the types of sprint starts and factors like pedal angle and foot placement. It also discusses teaching sprint starts to young athletes by breaking the start into phases and focusing on key points.
Hip Disarticulation Prosthetic Management
This document provides information about hip disarticulation prostheses. It begins by defining hip disarticulation as the surgical removal of the entire lower limb through the hip joint. It then discusses some key challenges with hip disarticulation including reduced mobility and increased energy expenditure during walking. The document outlines the main causes of hip disarticulation amputation and notes that only 20% of patients use a prosthetic leg full time. It provides an overview of the evolution of hip disarticulation prosthesis designs. The document details important considerations for prosthetic management of hip disarticulation including patient evaluation, casting techniques, socket design, components, alignment, and training.
Ankle and foot complex
The document summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle. It describes the 26 bones that make up the foot, divided into the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. It outlines the joints of the foot and ankle including the ankle joint, subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint, and tarsometatarsal joints. It discusses the ligaments supporting each joint and the motions associated with walking, such as pronation and supination. Overall, the foot provides stability, mobility, shock absorption and propulsion during gait.
Chapt05 Holes Lecture[1]
The document summarizes key points from Chapter 5 of Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology textbook. It discusses the four primary tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. For epithelial tissue, it describes the characteristics and classifications. It also discusses glands and their structural types. For connective tissue, it explains the different types including their cellular components and matrices. Muscle tissues are distinguished as skeletal, smooth and cardiac. Nervous tissue is also briefly introduced.
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This document discusses lumen and blood vessels. It mentions that lumen is found within blood vessels and helps transport blood throughout the body. Blood vessels form an extensive network that allows blood to circulate oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste.
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This document discusses kinematic concepts for analyzing human motion. It defines anatomical reference position and provides directional terms to describe body positions. It also introduces reference planes and axes used to define types of motion like linear, angular and general motion. Specific motions in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes are identified. Finally, it discusses qualitative analysis of human motion through prerequisite knowledge, planning observations, conducting analysis, and communicating findings.
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The document discusses key concepts in biomechanics including:
- Characteristics of linear, angular, and general motion.
- Centre of gravity and how it can change depending on body position.
- Line of gravity and base of support in relation to stability.
- Newton's laws of motion and how they apply to human movement.
- Force summation and how multiple body parts can work together to maximize force.
- Projectile motion principles like gravity, speed, height, and angle of release that influence how objects are thrown or projected.
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This document discusses biomechanics and activities of daily living. It defines biomechanics as the study of mechanics in the human body. Functional biomechanics looks at the link between the human body and its environment. Biomechanics consists of kinematics, the description of motion, and kinetics, the forces producing motion. Common activities like running, lifting, and walking are analyzed in terms of joint motion and ground reaction forces. Proper form and muscle engagement can reduce stresses, as seen in squat lifting versus stoop lifting.
Running biomechanics
Running requires greater balance, muscle strength, and joint range of motion compared to walking. During running, the ground reaction forces and center of pressure increase to 250% of body weight, double that of walking. The gait cycle of running consists of stance and swing phases. Key differences from walking include less time in contact with the ground, greater joint motion, and more eccentric muscle work. Running utilizes a float period where both feet are off the ground, distinguishing it from walking. Proper running form involves dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle, as well as flexion and extension of the hip and knee, to efficiently absorb impact and propel the body forward.
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This chapter discusses clinical biomechanics, which applies biomechanics concepts to treat patients. It examines statics and dynamics and how forces affect living organisms. Key topics covered include kinesiology, the forces of gravity, contact, inertia, muscle contraction types, elasticity, force composition and resolution, lever systems, stresses and strains from different load types, and how loading affects biological tissue according to Wolff's law.
Stretching Exercise
Stretching is important before and after exercise to prepare and recover muscles. When muscles are stretched, they are extended to a resistance point which helps muscles and joints. Stretching improves flexibility, prevents injuries, and promotes strength. It also improves running form, performance, coordination and reduces soreness. The document then provides instructions and photos for how to properly perform different stretches, like hamstring stretches while lying down, forward bends while seated, and quad stretches while standing. Stretches should be held for 10-30 seconds until a mild discomfort is felt but not pain.
Planning Speed Training for Team Sports
This document provides guidelines for planning speed training for team sports. It discusses understanding the speed requirements of different sports, acknowledging the physical stimulus of games while knowing games are not optimal for fitness. It outlines considering individual factors when planning. The document recommends annual planning while writing plans in pencil, emphasizing recovery. It discusses applying the correct training tools and following best practice session guidelines. It also notes the importance of logistics, balance, and considering speed training as an ongoing process with windows of opportunity.
ppt of exercise physiolgy.pptx
Exercise physiology is the science of how the body responds and adapts to exercise. It studies both acute and chronic exercise responses across various systems like cardiovascular, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. Exercise physiologists work in areas like fitness, rehabilitation, research, and sports to help improve health, performance, and recovery through customized exercise programs. Developing a coaching philosophy outlines one's beliefs regarding the coach's role, athletes' responsibility, importance of competition versus development, and adherence to rules of fair play.
Biomechanics of the Hip Joint
This document provides an overview of biomechanics concepts related to the hip joint, including:
- Forces acting on the hip joint include body weight and forces generated by hip abductor muscles. The joint reaction force is the force generated within the joint in response.
- Parameters like femoral head size, neck length, and offset impact joint stability and the required abductor muscle force. Restoring anatomy reduces joint forces.
- Gait adaptations like limping or using a cane bring the body's center of gravity closer to the hip joint, reducing forces on the joint.
structure of Cervical region
The cervical spine consists of 7 vertebrae divided into upper and lower regions. The upper region includes the atlas (C1) and axis (C2). The atlas forms a ring that supports the skull and allows nodding motions. The axis has a dens that articulates with the atlas to enable rotation. The lower region includes vertebrae C3-C7, which have typical features like transverse processes and articulating facets. Key ligaments like the transverse atlantal ligament and alar ligaments stabilize the atlanto-axial joint to allow mobility while preventing excessive movement.
Biomechanics of lifting
This document discusses the biomechanics of lifting. It defines lifting as moving an object from one location to another, generally involving vertical and horizontal movement. There are two main types of lifts discussed: stoop lifting, which involves trunk flexion without knee bending, and squat lifting, which keeps the spine erect and bends at the hips and knees. Squat lifting is preferable as it reduces pressure on the discs of the spine compared to stoop lifting. Proper lifting technique involves keeping loads close to the body, using both hands to hold the load securely, and choosing the appropriate lift type based on the load and situation.
Biomechanics Of Swimming
The document discusses the biomechanics of different swimming strokes and common shoulder injuries in swimmers. It describes the phases and muscle activity involved in the freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke strokes. It notes that the shoulders are most vulnerable to injury due to the repetitive overhead motion required. Swimmers with painful shoulders often have decreased activity of the serratus anterior and teres minor muscles, resulting in a less stable scapula. Maintaining proper technique can help reduce humeral hyperextension and risk of injury.
In-Service Gait Training
This document discusses gait assessment and analysis. There are two main ways to analyze gait: the Los Ranchos Amigos method and the standard/classic method. Gait can be affected by various musculoskeletal issues like hip, knee, foot/ankle pathology, leg length discrepancy, or pain. Specific conditions may cause deviations like "hip hiking" from arthritis, "scissor gait" from hip adductor contractures, or a Trendelenburg gait from hip abductor weakness. Common gait assessment tests are described like the Timed Up and Go, 6-Minute Walk Test, and Tinetti Test which evaluates gait and balance in older adults.
Biomechanics powerpoint 2010
Biomechanics is the study of human movement and the forces acting on the body during motion and rest. It helps identify optimal techniques and allows skills to be broken down. The centre of gravity is the point where the body is balanced and changes based on position. The line of gravity passes through the centre of gravity to the ground. Stability depends on the line of gravity falling within the base of support, which are the contact points with the ground. Newton's laws of motion describe how forces cause and change motion. Forces must be applied optimally through large muscle groups in sequence to maximize momentum. Friction occurs between contacting surfaces and can help or hinder performance.
The Biomechanics of Sprinting
The document discusses the biomechanics of sprinting, focusing on the starting mechanics. It explains that maximum horizontal velocity is achieved in the starting position by placing the body in the optimal biomechanical position to apply force. It describes the types of sprint starts and factors like pedal angle and foot placement. It also discusses teaching sprint starts to young athletes by breaking the start into phases and focusing on key points.
Hip Disarticulation Prosthetic Management
This document provides information about hip disarticulation prostheses. It begins by defining hip disarticulation as the surgical removal of the entire lower limb through the hip joint. It then discusses some key challenges with hip disarticulation including reduced mobility and increased energy expenditure during walking. The document outlines the main causes of hip disarticulation amputation and notes that only 20% of patients use a prosthetic leg full time. It provides an overview of the evolution of hip disarticulation prosthesis designs. The document details important considerations for prosthetic management of hip disarticulation including patient evaluation, casting techniques, socket design, components, alignment, and training.
Ankle and foot complex
The document summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle. It describes the 26 bones that make up the foot, divided into the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. It outlines the joints of the foot and ankle including the ankle joint, subtalar joint, transverse tarsal joint, and tarsometatarsal joints. It discusses the ligaments supporting each joint and the motions associated with walking, such as pronation and supination. Overall, the foot provides stability, mobility, shock absorption and propulsion during gait.
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Unit 6, Lesson 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Unit 6, Lesson 5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
Lesson Outline:
1. Law of Inertia
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3. Law of Interaction
4. Momentum and Impulse: An Overview
Physics: Mechanics
Newton's laws of motion and concepts related to forces and motion are discussed. Key points include: Newton's 3 laws of motion, that force is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction, and concepts like impulse, momentum, conservation of energy and momentum. Newton's 2nd law, which relates force, mass and acceleration, is identified as particularly relevant for understanding acceleration.
Fourth six weeks review
The document discusses key concepts in motion including frames of reference, speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, gravity, weight, and air resistance. It provides examples and practice problems for each concept. Key terms like force, mass, distance, and time are defined throughout in the context of describing and quantifying different types of motion.
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The document discusses key concepts in motion including frames of reference, speed, velocity, acceleration, momentum, Newton's laws of motion, gravity, weight, and air resistance. It provides examples and practice problems for each concept. Key terms like force, mass, distance, and time are defined throughout in the context of describing and quantifying different types of motion.
The force and newton’s 2nd law powerpoint
The document discusses Newton's Second Law of motion, which states that the force on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration (F=MA). It provides examples of how gravity exerts a force on all objects due to their mass. It explains that an object's mass never changes, even if its shape or motion does. Doubling the force on a moving car that has a set mass would double its acceleration according to the equation. The document also discusses how multiple forces on an object can add or subtract depending on their direction.
Forces
Forces have both magnitude and direction. Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an external force. Newton's second law relates the net force on an object to its acceleration using the formula F=ma. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity exists between all objects and increases with the mass of the objects and decreases with distance between them. Weight is the gravitational force on an object and depends on its mass and location. Tides are caused by the gravitational forces of the moon and the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation creating bulges in the oceans.
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Newton's three laws of motion are summarized as follows:
1) Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
2) Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
3) Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, or that forces always come in pairs - for every force A exerted on B by
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1) In a system with multiple interacting bodies, each body experiences forces from the other bodies. To analyze the system, one isolates a single body and identifies all forces acting on it in a free body diagram.
2) Newton's second law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass. The formula is a=Fnet/m, where a is acceleration, Fnet is net force, and m is mass.
3) When two vehicles collide, the force of impact over a short time interval (impulse) can be large enough to cause damage or injury. Impulse is defined as the change in momentum, where momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.
2nd Law of motion
According to Newton's
second law...
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).
What does this mean?
Everyone unconsiously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects.
However, the Second Law gives us an exact relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation:
FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION
Newton's second law of motion explains how an object will change velocity if it is pushed or pulled upon.
Firstly, this law states that if you do place a force on an object, it will accelerate (change its velocity), and it will change its velocity in the direction of the force. So, a force aimed in a positive direction will create a positive change in velocity (a positive acceleration). And a force aimed in a negative direction will create a negative change in velocity (a negative acceleration).
Secondly, this acceleration is directly proportional to the force. For example, if you are pushing on an object, causing it to accelerate, and then you push, say, three times harder, the acceleration will be three times greater.
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The document discusses Newton's Three Laws of Motion. It provides definitions and examples for each law:
1. Newton's First Law of Motion, also called the Law of Inertia, states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
2. Newton's Second Law of Motion, also called the Law of Acceleration, states that the acceleration of an object depends on the net force acting on it and its mass, according to the formula Force = Mass x Acceleration.
3. Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction
Lecture 8
1) Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force back on the first.
2) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It represents the difficulty of stopping or changing the motion of an object. Objects with greater mass or velocity have greater momentum.
3) The change in an object's momentum is called impulse. Impulse depends on both the magnitude of the force applied and the duration of its application. A longer application of force results in a greater change in momentum.
6th Grade Chapter 10- forces and motion
Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between all objects with mass. Gravity causes all objects to accelerate towards each other at the same rate, so heavier and lighter objects fall at the same speed. The strength of gravity depends on the mass of the object, so gravity is stronger on large planets like Jupiter than on smaller bodies like the moon. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and does not change in different locations, while weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object, so weight varies depending on the gravitational pull of different planets. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces cause motion and changes in motion.
Pranesh_Newton's 2nd law.pptx
Sir Isaac Newton discovered the three laws of motion, including Newton's Second Law that describes the relationship between an object's mass, acceleration, and the applied force. Newton's Second Law states that the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration (F=ma). This means that greater forces produce greater accelerations, and that more massive objects require greater forces to achieve the same acceleration as less massive objects. Newton's Second Law is a fundamental principle in classical mechanics that relates an object's motion to the net force acting on it.
Forces
Forces can cause objects to move, change speed or direction, turn, bend or twist. Forces can be contact forces that act through direct physical contact, like pushing or pulling, or non-contact forces that act over a distance, like magnetism or gravity. Balanced forces cause no change in motion, while unbalanced forces cause acceleration or changes in speed or direction. Newton's three laws of motion describe how forces affect the motion of objects.
linear motion in biomechanics
1) Scalars are quantities described by magnitude alone, while vectors are quantities described by both magnitude and direction.
2) Distance is the length traveled irrespective of direction, while displacement shows distance and direction between initial and final positions.
3) Speed is how fast an object is moving without regard to direction, while velocity includes both speed and direction of motion.
grade 12 momentum.pptx
The document discusses linear momentum, which is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It provides examples of calculating linear momentum for various objects with given masses and velocities. It also discusses how linear momentum is a vector quantity and how impulse (force over time) results in changes to an object's momentum according to the impulse-momentum theorem. Conservation of momentum is discussed, where the total initial momentum of objects in a closed system equals the total final momentum. Examples demonstrate calculating unknown velocities or momenta using conservation of momentum.
Momentum and Impulse
This document discusses impulse and how it relates to changes in an object's momentum. It defines impulse as being equal to the force applied to an object multiplied by the time interval over which the force acts. It also states that impulse is equal to the change in an object's momentum. The document provides examples of how changing the time over which a force acts can affect the force and an object's momentum. It discusses cases where increasing, decreasing, or maintaining an object's momentum and relates this to impulse.
Force and motion
A force is any push or pull that can cause an object to change its motion. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass, as described by Newton's Second Law. Newton's Third Law states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
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The Ear:
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• It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position.
• Part of the auditory system.
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• Balance is controlled through signals to the brain from your eyes, the inner ear, and the sensory systems of the body (such as the skin, muscles, and joints).
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• Semicircular shape
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• “sensors” that detect rotational movement of the head.
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• deal with different movement: up-and-down, side-to-side, and tilting from one side to the other.
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• The nerve impulses are processed in the brain to help us know where we are in space or if we are moving.
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Biomechanical terms
- 1. Force
- 2. Definition Force is a push or a pull given by the interaction of one object with another. There are two types of forces: Contact Forces: Frictional Force Applied Force Normal Force Air Resistance Force Non-Contact Forces: Gravitational Force Electrical Force Magnetic Force
- 3. Applied Force Force that is applied consciously Pushing a desk
- 4. Frictional Force Exerted by a surface on an object moving across it Endless moving ball and Newton’s First Law
- 5. Gravity Force (Weight) Force that massively large objects (Earth, moon, Sun) exert on every object on it Weight = m x g M = Mass G, on Earth = 9.8 N/kg
- 6. Gravity
- 7. How Does Gravity Affect the Body? Gravity is a key component in muscle development Center of mass
- 8. Impact on Sports Weight Lifting
- 9. Impact on Sports Wrestling
- 10. Mass and Weight
- 11. What is Mass? The amount of material/matter in a body. The more matter there is the more it will weigh. Mass stays the same. Measured in Kilograms. Greater mass = more weight.
- 12. What is Weight? How hard gravity pulls on an object. Weight changes. Measured in Newton's. Greater mass = more weight.
- 13. Instantaneous Velocity (The only difference between instantaneous speed and instantaneous velocity is that speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector). The measure of velocity of an object at a particular moment. Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its position Velocity is speed with direction (vector) Sometimes we want to be more precise about what is happening between the initial and final times in a problem. Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a specific instant in time. This can be different to the average velocity if the velocity isn't constant.
- 14. Instantaneous Acceleration Acceleration (change of velocity/time) at any given time. It is the acceleration of a certain body (or particle) at any particular given or chosen instant. An example would be if you had a car, in 1st gear there is more torque applied to the wheels so its acceleration is higher. Shifting to 2nd gear you are going faster, but your acceleration is less. Let's say you ended up spending 2 seconds in 1st gear, and went from 0 to 15mph. You then spent 3 seconds in 2nd gear and went from 15mph to 30mph. Your instantaneous acceleration in 1st gear is 7.5 mph/s. In 2nd gear, it was 5mph/s [(30-15)/3]. Your average acceleration is 30/5 = 6mph/s. This is the equivalent acceleration you would have needed to maintain to go from 0 to 30mph in 5 seconds. This is what we did in our labs we calculated instantaneous acceleration
- 15. Ave. Velocity and Acceleration Simpler to calculate Average Velocity=The change in displacement/time Example- Traveled a total distance of 440 miles north. Trip took 8 hours. What was the average velocity? 55 miles/hr North Average Acceleration= The change in velocity(final-initial)/time Example- sprinter on 100 m race (14m/s-0 m/s)/ 9s =1.56m/s/s