Special Senses: Hearing, and Somatic Senses: Touch Review Material 1. The loss of lens elasticity results in (occurs especially with age) 2. Abnormally high intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) can cause in a medical condition called _. What are the consequences of leaving it untreated? 3. Which photoreceptors are most sensitive to light? (rods or cones) 4. Which photoreceptors are least sensitive to light (require a bright light to function)?1. Define sensorineural deafness: 2. Define conductive deafness: 3. List (in order) all the structures (list each one) sound waves pass through from the outside air to the oval window. 4. Explain what frequency is with respect to sound? 5. The Eustachian tube is also called the or the 6. A consequence of having a Eustachian tube is that we are more likely to experience infections of the middle ear. Although the Eustachian tube certainly does allow fluid and pus to drain from the middle ear it is also true that infectous agents use this tube to gain access to the tympanic cavity and infect it! So what is the primary function of the Eustachain tube? In other words, explain why a Eustachain tube is a necesssary structure. One way to start is to consider what the consequence would be of having no Eustachian tube at all.Student Learning Objectives: - Describe Air Conduction, Bone Conduction - Describe Rinne test for deafness - explain different results in conductive / sensorineural deafness - Describe Weber test for deafness - explain result in conductive/ sensorineural deafness - Explain Binaural localization of sound - Describe the structure and function of different components of the Vestibular apparatus - Explain the phenomenon of nystagmus after spinning in a chair - Describe the Effect of vestibular stimulation on eye movements and nystagmus - ID features of Anatomy of the ear from model: Pinna, external ear canal, tympanic membrane, temporal bone, auditory tube, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, round window, vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve - ID and describe the functions of the structures viewed in the histology slide of the cochlea: cochlea, vestibular duct, cochlear duct, tympanic duct, basilar membrane, hair cells, tectorial membrane, endolymph, perilymph, spiral ganglion, neuron cell bodies. Section I. Gross Anatomy of the Ear Identify the following strucutres on figures and models and describe their functions. Outer ear: Auricle, auditory canal, tympanic membrane Middle ear: tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window Eustachian tube (also called the audiry tube or pharyngotympanic tube) Inner ear: vestibulocochlear apparatus, cochlea, vestibule with saccule and utricle - each contains an otolith organ, semicircular canals (each has an ampulla which contains a crista ampullaris) Vestibulocochlear nerve (no longer called the auditory nerve) (Cranial Nerve VIII)Identify the following structures on figures and histology slides. De.

1. Special Senses: Hearing, and Somatic Senses: Touch Review Material 1. The loss of lens
elasticity results in (occurs especially with age) 2. Abnormally high intraocular pressure (ocular
hypertension) can cause in a medical condition called _. What are the consequences of leaving it
untreated? 3. Which photoreceptors are most sensitive to light? (rods or cones) 4. Which
photoreceptors are least sensitive to light (require a bright light to function)?1. Define
sensorineural deafness: 2. Define conductive deafness: 3. List (in order) all the structures (list
each one) sound waves pass through from the outside air to the oval window. 4. Explain what
frequency is with respect to sound? 5. The Eustachian tube is also called the or the 6. A
consequence of having a Eustachian tube is that we are more likely to experience infections of the
middle ear. Although the Eustachian tube certainly does allow fluid and pus to drain from the
middle ear it is also true that infectous agents use this tube to gain access to the tympanic cavity
and infect it! So what is the primary function of the Eustachain tube? In other words, explain why a
Eustachain tube is a necesssary structure. One way to start is to consider what the consequence
would be of having no Eustachian tube at all.Student Learning Objectives: - Describe Air
Conduction, Bone Conduction - Describe Rinne test for deafness - explain different results in
conductive / sensorineural deafness - Describe Weber test for deafness - explain result in
conductive/ sensorineural deafness - Explain Binaural localization of sound - Describe the
structure and function of different components of the Vestibular apparatus - Explain the
phenomenon of nystagmus after spinning in a chair - Describe the Effect of vestibular stimulation
on eye movements and nystagmus - ID features of Anatomy of the ear from model: Pinna,
external ear canal, tympanic membrane, temporal bone, auditory tube, malleus, incus, stapes,
oval window, round window, vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibulocochlear nerve - ID
and describe the functions of the structures viewed in the histology slide of the cochlea: cochlea,
vestibular duct, cochlear duct, tympanic duct, basilar membrane, hair cells, tectorial membrane,
endolymph, perilymph, spiral ganglion, neuron cell bodies. Section I. Gross Anatomy of the Ear
Identify the following strucutres on figures and models and describe their functions. Outer ear:
Auricle, auditory canal, tympanic membrane Middle ear: tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity,
malleus, incus, stapes, oval window Eustachian tube (also called the audiry tube or
pharyngotympanic tube) Inner ear: vestibulocochlear apparatus, cochlea, vestibule with saccule
and utricle - each contains an otolith organ, semicircular canals (each has an ampulla which
contains a crista ampullaris) Vestibulocochlear nerve (no longer called the auditory nerve) (Cranial
Nerve VIII)Identify the following structures on figures and histology slides. Describe their functions.
Produce a set of simple diagrams of the cochlea and label the parts (use the frames below) Since
it is not easy for everyone to scan their drawigs, you may copy/paste a micrograph you find from
the internet in the boxes instead. Cochlea Organ of Corti (contains sensory hair cells, and the
Tectorial membrane) Vestibular duct (Scala vestibuli) with perilymph Cochlear duct (Scala media)
with endolymph Tympanic duct (Scala tympani) with perilymph Sensory hair cells Spiral ganglion -
What structural type of neuron is seen in the spiral ganglion - What functional type of neuron is
found in the spiral ganglion Cechlea, Low moe. Vestibular duct, cocblear doct, Cochlea. High mag.
Cecthear duct, perilympth. tympanic duct, spiral ganglion, bipolar neuron cell toctorial membrane,
basilar membuane, sensory huir bedies cells, endolympht Section III. Hearing Tests Sensorineural
Deafness: Results from damage to the inner ear and or pathways for hearing in the brain. The

2. inner ear can be directly stimulated by holding a vibrating tuning fork against the mastoid process.
Sound passes by bone conduction to the organ of Corti directly, by-passing the middle ear. If one
ear shows less sensitivity to this sound than the other, then some sensorineural deafness is
present.2. Two-point Threshold for: Back of hand = Palm = Fingertip = Back of neck Explain the
differences in receptor density seen. 3. Radiating Pain: Explain why pain is perceived in your
fingers, even though the stimulus was at the elbow. 4. How is this phenomenon of referred pain
used clinically?Structure Outer, Middle Description of Functien (requires complete theaghts) or
Iner car Lin shre: Ear ossicles Desceibe their funcriom Tympanic cavity Eustachian tube Strcuture
Description ef function (sequires complete lioophthe) Saccule Utricle Crista ampullaris in a
seraicircular canal Structure Outer, Middle Deserigtion of Fusetion (requises campkste thoughts)
or Inner car List the primary strwataws of ale Omas of Ceral. Dwerile the Cochlea function of each.
Spiral ganglia Stractaral tope af mowhon. Fanctional? Describe the fancrion. Vestibalocochlear
nerve (CN: VIII) 1