The document summarizes early empires in Egypt, Assyria, Persia, and China between 1472 BCE and 202 BCE. It describes key rulers and events such as Hatshepsut's rule in Egypt, the Hyksos invasion of Egypt, the decline of Egypt's New Kingdom, and the Kushite conquest of Egypt. It also outlines the military strength and strategies that allowed Assyria to build an empire, as well as the rise and achievements of the Persian Empire under Cyrus and Darius. Finally, it discusses the three major ethical systems that emerged in China - Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism - and the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty led

1. First Age of Empires
Chapter 4

2. 4.1 Egyptian and Nubian Empires

3. 4.1 Outcomes
✤ Explain why the Hyksos were able to invade
Egypt
✤ Identify key events in the history and decline of
Egypt’s New Kingdom
✤ Describe the Kushite conquest of Egypt
✤ Summarize the achievements of Meroe

5. Hatshepsut
1472 BCE

6. Hatshepsut’s mortuary at Deir el-Bahri

7. 1400 BCE

9. Temple of Nefertitti

12. Decline of New Kingdom
Primary problems Consequences
Famines, land shortages,
Exposure to invasion
and sizeable migrations
Limited areas of soil
Sea Peoples exploit
fertility
instability
Occasional grain
Kushite kingdom
shortages
invades

13. Kingdom of Nubia

14. Kush, led by Piankhi
Meroe

16. Balance of Power

17. 4.2 The Assyrian
Empire

18. Assyria developed a dominant military and established a
well-organized administration until revolts wore down the
empire.
1. Analyze the sources of Assyrian military strength
2. Evaluate Assyrian achievements
3. Trace the Assyrian decline

19. 850 BCE, Assyria rises
Sennacherib destroyed 89
cities and 820 villages,
burned Babylon and
ordered tens of thousands
killed
Advances SW to Egypt
Esarhaddon: “I tore up the
root of Kush, and not one
therein escaped to submit
to me”

20. Technology Strategies
✤ Leather & metal body ✤ Siege
armour ✤ Pontoon bridges
✤ Metal helmets ✤ Dug beneath walls
✤ Iron swords and spears ✤ Archers cleared walls
✤ Ladders ✤ Battering rams for gates
✤ No mercy

21. Archers & ladders

22. Tunneling

23. Battering ram

25. 612 BCE, Medes & Chaldeans unite
Chaldeans rebuild Babylon, 600
BCE
Nebuchadnezzar
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
350 BCE, Assyrians try to
reunite . . .
33 CE - 1300, Assyrian missionaries

26. 4.3 Persia Unites Many Lands

27. ✤ Explain the rise of the Persian Empire
✤ Describe the unique features of the Persian government
and its official religion, Zoroastrianism

28. Zoroastrianism
Founded between 8th & 6th century BCE
First monotheistic religion in recorded history
Only one Creator and supreme force, Ahura Mazda
Lesser gods, and two controlling forces
asha (truth, righteousness, existance, etc) and
druj (the opposites)

30. Cyrus, conquered from 550 to 539 BCE
Son, Cambyses, did not rule long
Darius takes throne in 521 BCE
satrap
Royal Road...

31. “It is said that as many days as there are in the whole
journey, so many are the men and horses that stand
along the road, each horse and man at the interval of a
day’s journey; and these are stayed neither by snow nor
rain nor heat nor darkness from accomplishing their
appointed course with all speed.”
- Herodotus

32. “Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of
night stays these couriers from the swift
completion of their appointed rounds”
- carved over the entrance
to the central post office building
in New York City.

33. 4.4 Unification of China

34. 1.Compare the Chinese ethical systems that arose in the late
Zhou period
2.Describe the impact of the Qin Dynasty on Chinese history

35. Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism

36. 240-202 BCE, Qin Dynasty
Shi Huangdi
Great Wall of China

37. • Mini-poster summarizing the history & beliefs of assigned
Ethical System.
•Illustrate how a follower would respond to one of the
following:
a.Being drafted into war (do you go willingly or not? why?)
b.Winning the lottery (Share your winnings? With who? Why or why not?)
c.Being subpoenaed to testify against a friend or family
member (Do you lie or tell the truth under oath?)
d.Disposing of household garbage (walk 5-miles to dump, or hide in
forest?)
1 = Confucianism
2 = Daoism
3 = Legalism