The document discusses the Third Crusade which began in the medieval times with the goal of capturing Jerusalem and the Holy Lands from Muslim control. King Richard the Lionhearted of England led Christian forces against Muslims and Jews in battles that took place in Jerusalem and the surrounding areas. After agreeing to a truce, the crusade ended though conflicts over the lands continued and led to subsequent crusades such as the Fourth Crusade, as control over the important religious sites remained a point of contention.