The Pope had significant influence over Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Pope Urban II called the Crusades in 1096 to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule and restore it for Christian pilgrimage. The Crusades aimed to unite Christians under the Pope and give knights a purposeful mission. Crusaders included serfs, children, women, nuns, and knights who wanted to fight. While the Crusades failed to permanently retake the Holy Land, they increased cultural exchange between Europe and the East.

1. The Popes, Crusades & Pilgrimages of Medieval Europe Ms. Malloff’s Social Studies 8 class

2. Who were the Popes ? Pope is head of the Catholic Church Had enormous influence over all of Western Europe (Christiandom) Popes supported & advised kings (Charlemagne)

3. Pope’s Power Popes thought they had supreme authority over all the people of Christiandom including Kings and Nobles . This was based on the idea that Christ’s apostle , Peter , was the first “ Pope ” & represented Christ on earth .

4. Pope Urban II called the Crusades , “ Holy Wars ,” (1096-1200) to: Purpose: to drive Muslims out of the Holy Land of Jerusalem, in Israel. Restore Holy Land for Christian Pilgrims who liked to visit there. Give knights a purposeful mission. To unite Christians under him.

5. Crusade! Jerusalem is a holy city To Muslims, Jews, And Christians. It is Located in Israel.

6. Difference between a Crusade and a Pilgrimage Crusade was a holy war , fought in Jerusalem against Muslims Pilgrimage was a peaceful visit to a holy place (church, shrine) where a saint was buried or holy event took place.

7. pilgrimage

8. Who were the Crusaders ? Serfs who wanted a change from their mundane lives Children who believed in the idea Women & nuns who believed in the idea Knights who wanted something to fight for.

9. 120Crusade

10. Jerusalem Jerusalem is here. There is fighting between Palestinian Muslims & Jews For this territory. Middle East

11. Crusaders in Jerusalem What do you notice taking place In this painting?

12. Crusaders

13. What Happened? Christians saw Muslims as “ infidels ” “ Infidel ” is someone who doesn’t share your religious belief. Muslims saw Christians as infidels , too.

14. Results of the Crusades Failure to win back the Holy Land . Decline of Pope’s prestige & feudalism. Interest in other places ideas , and cultures .

15. What do you think? Were Crusades a poor decision? Good decision? Why or why not? Should you impose your ideas on someone else? Were there some good things that happened as a result? Would you have supported the idea of Crusading ?

16. The End