This document provides information on cement tiles, including their composition, production process, uses, installation, and maintenance. Cement tiles are made from a mixture of cement, sand, color pigment, and marble powder that is poured into molds and compressed under high pressure. They are durable, customizable in color and design, and more environmentally friendly than other tile options like ceramic. The document outlines best practices for laying cement tiles on walls and floors, including using a cement mortar adhesive and grout and sealing the tiles before grouting. Regular cleaning and resealing of exterior tiles is recommended for maintenance.
Before hiring cladding manufacturers for cladding services you must know whats the best option suitable to your needs. Here are some attributes of cladding material for you to make an informed decision.
Before hiring cladding manufacturers for cladding services you must know whats the best option suitable to your needs. Here are some attributes of cladding material for you to make an informed decision.
Introduction;
Reinforced brick masonry (RBM) consists of brick masonry which incorporates steel reinforcement embedded in mortar.
This masonry has greatly increased resistance to forces that produce tensile and shear stresses.
The reinforcement provides additional tensile strength, allowing better use of brick masonry's inherent compressive strength.
The two materials complement each other, resulting in an excellent structural material.
HISTORY;
Brick masonry is one of the oldest forms of building construction, and reinforcement has been used to strengthen masonry since 1813.
...
Muram floors are constructed in India because of the same reasons as that of mud floors. They possess similar characteristic as that of mud. Its construction technique is difficult than mud floor.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
structural glazing and curtain wall
MATERIAL USED
parts of structural glazing and curtain wall
history of glazing
glass description
case study according material
Introduction;
Reinforced brick masonry (RBM) consists of brick masonry which incorporates steel reinforcement embedded in mortar.
This masonry has greatly increased resistance to forces that produce tensile and shear stresses.
The reinforcement provides additional tensile strength, allowing better use of brick masonry's inherent compressive strength.
The two materials complement each other, resulting in an excellent structural material.
HISTORY;
Brick masonry is one of the oldest forms of building construction, and reinforcement has been used to strengthen masonry since 1813.
...
Muram floors are constructed in India because of the same reasons as that of mud floors. They possess similar characteristic as that of mud. Its construction technique is difficult than mud floor.
This presentation gives complete detail about the production, construction and applications with examples of different types of glass and polymers used in buildings
structural glazing and curtain wall
MATERIAL USED
parts of structural glazing and curtain wall
history of glazing
glass description
case study according material
A presentation on various types of tile rooifing materials and techniques for the course Appropriate Techniques from students of 4th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (Jan-March 2015)
are horizontal elements of building structures which divide building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.
A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit composed of clay, but it is now used to denote rectangular units made of clay-bearing soil, sand, and lime, or concrete materials. Bricks can be joined together using mortar, adhesives or by interlocking them.[1][2] Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.
In this slide there is a brief discussion about Types , Making & examples of bricks & also plastering
properties,Manufacturing, types and features of bricksZeeshan Afzal
Bricks
Definition of bricks
properties of bricks
types of bricks
features of bricks
How bricks are made
Preparation of brick earth
Moulding of bricks
Drying of bricks
Burning of bricks
PREPARATION OF BRICK EARTH
Removal of loose soil:
About 30 cm depth contains a lot of impurities
like organic matter and hence
it should be taken out and thrown away.
Digging, spreading and cleaning:
The earth is then dug out from the ground.
This earth is spread into heaps
about 50 to 150 cm height.
Weathering:
The earth is then exposed to atmosphere for softening.
The period may be Of
few weeks to a season.
Hand moulding
When moulding is done with hand it is called hand moulding.
A wooden rectangular mould made in the shape of a brick is normally used for this purpose.
Machine moulding
The clay is placed in the machine, it comes out through the opening Under pressure.
It is cut to bricks by steel wires fixed into frames.
These bricks are also called wire cut bricks.
DRYING OF BRICKS
contain 7 to 30 percent moisture, depending upon the
forming method.
most of this water is evaporated in dryer chambers
temperatures about 100 ºF to 400 ºF (38 ºC to 204 ºC).
time, is between 24 to 48 hours.
Heat and humidity must be carefully regulated to avoid cracking in the brick.
BURNING OF BRICKS
INTERMITTENT KILN
Highly inefficient & labor-intensive.
Use coal + scavenged fuels
Most common, most primitive, most polluting
Temporary Structures
High Alumina Bricks High alumina bricks from 50% up to 90% alumina
Various selected superior grade aggregates to meet the various service conditions of various types of furnaces like laddie, blast furnace, cement and sponge iron rotary kiln.
Concrete Bricks
These bricks have either pale green or gray color.
these are prepared from a small, dry aggregate concrete which is formed in steel molds by using vibration and compaction.
Fire Brick
A Fire brick is a block of ceramic material
used in masonry construction and sized to be layer with one hand using mortar.
bricks may be made from type of material .
these are built primarily to withstand high heat and also find applications in extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses.
the brick is widely used as refractory insulating bricks for maintaining insistent temperature.
Light Weight Hollow Blocks
This blocks are used in construction of houses in earthquake prone areas.
These bricks are made of fly ash, cement, lime, gypsum, stone dust etc.
available in different sizes.
hollow concrete blocks is used as substitute for conventional bricks or stones used in construction of buildings. and the blocks' importmant feature
A small hard block of backed clay that is used to build structure
such as houses and sometimes to make streets ,paths ,etc
Another definition
Molded rectangular block of clay backed by sun or in a kiln until hard and use as a buildings and paving material.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Cement tiles as cladding material
1. CEMENT TILES -
AS WALL CLADDING
https://yourarchischool.blogspot.com
FOR MORE LOG ON TO
2. CLADDING
•CLADDING IS THE APPLICATION OF ONE MATERIAL OVER ANOTHER TO PROVIDE
SKIN OR LAYER INTENDED TO CONTROL THE INFILTRATION OF WEATHER
ELEMENTS, OR FOR AESTHETIC PURPOSES.
•CLADDING DOES NOT NECESSARILY HAVE TO PROVIDE A WATERPROOF
CONDITION BUT IS INSTEAD A CONTROL ELEMENT. THIS CONTROL ELEMENT MAY
ONLY SERVE TO SAFELY DIRECT WATER OR WIND IN ORDER TO CONTROL RUN-
OFF AND PREVENT INFILTRATION INTO THE BUILDING STRUCTURE.
TYPES OF WALL CLADDING
•CLADDING IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE HOUSE. WE WILL
NEED APPROPRIATE MATERIAL FOR IT TO REACH EFFICIENCY AND COMFORT. HERE
ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF INTERIOR WALL CLADDING.
1. TILES CLADDING
2. ALUMINUM CLADDING
3. WOODEN CLADDING
4. FIBER CEMENT CLADDING
5. BRICK CLADDING
6. STONE CLADDING
7. LAMINATE CLADDING
8. STEEL CLADDING
4. COMPARISON CEMENT TILE VS. CERAMIC TILE –
• THIS SECTION COMPARES CEMENT TO CERAMIC TILE PRIMARILY FROM THE
ENVIRONMENTAL AND DURABILITY PERSPECTIVES.
• SINCE THERE EXISTS A GREAT DEAL OF VARIABILITY WITHIN CEMENT AND
CERAMIC TILE, WE HAVE PAIRED A TYPE OF GRANADA TILE WITH ITS CLOSEST
EQUIVALENT CERAMIC TILE.
•THE ECHO COLLECTION UTILIZES A PRODUCTION PROCESS THAT DATES BACK
TO THE 1870S IN WHICH A MIX OF CEMENT, SAND, COLOR PIGMENT AND
MARBLE POWDER IS POURED INTO METAL MOLDS, BACKED WITH A DRY
CONCRETE MIXTURE, AND COMPRESSED UNDER 2,000 POUNDS OF
PRESSURE.THE TILES ARE THEN LEFT TO AIR CURE, WHICH PERMITS THE
CEMENT MIXTURES TO HARDEN AND STRENGTHEN.
•ENCAUSTIC CERAMIC TILES WERE ALSO MADE IN LIEU OF CEMENT MIXTURES,
THESE ENCAUSTIC CERAMIC TILES USED POWDERED GLAZES AND CLAY. THEY
WERE THEN FIRED IN COAL- AND WOOD-FUELED GIANT KILNS. DESPITE THE
DIFFERENCE IN PROCESSES, THE PRESSED CEMENT TILE AND THE ENCAUSTIC
CERAMIC TILE CLOSELY RESEMBLE EACH OTHER.
•CONCRETE TILE IS MORE VERSATILE
•CONCRETE TILE OFFERS MORE COLOR OPTIONS
•CONCRETE TILE IS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY .CONCRETE TILES ARE OFTEN
PRODUCED BY LOCAL MANUFACTURERS AND USE RECYCLED MATERIALS, SUCH
AS CRUSHED GLASS, RECYCLED AGGREGATES, AND SILICA FUME. IN ADDITION,
CONCRETE TILES ARE SO DURABLE, THEY RARELY REQUIRE REPLACEMENT
5. CEMENT TILES-
•CEMENT TILES ARE HANDMADE,DECORATIVE,COLOURFUL TILES USED PRIMARILY AS
FLOOR COLOURFUL TILES USED PRIMARILY AS FLOOR COVERINGS.
•FLOORS OR WALLS COVERED WITH THESE TILES ARE NOTED FOR THEIR
MULTICOLOR PATTERNS,DURABILITY AND SOPHISTICATED LOOK.
•GENERALLY USED IN LARGE COMMERCIAL PROJECTS SUCH AS RESTAURANTS AND
HOTELS.
•ENCAUSTIC TILES WERE PREPARED FROM A PIGMENTED CLAY BASE THEN HEATED
OR FIRED IN A KILN.
•FOLLOWING THE DISCOVERY OF PORTLAND CEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF
HYDRAULIC PRESSES, CEMENT TILE, TODAY IT IS PREPARED WITHOUT THE USE OF
CLAY OR HEATING.
USES AND APPLICATION-
•CEMENT TILES CAN BE APPLIED TO CONCRETE SURFACES, ANY COMMON
UNDERLAYMENT, MAGNESIUM OXIDE WALLBOARD OR ANY APPROPRIATE SURFACE.
•EASY TO MAINTAIN AND ARE RICH ON COLOR AND THEY PROVIDE LONG-LASTING
BEAUTY.
6. EACH CEMENT TILE IS HAND MADE TO ORDER IN THE SAME
WAY THAT HYDRAULIC ENCAUSTIC TILES HAVE BEEN CRAFTED SINCE THE 1800'S
AND PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION.
CEMENT TILES ARE BUILT WITH THREE LAYERS.
•FIRST LAYER:
THE WEAR LAYER OR TILE FACE IS A MIXTURE OF HIGHLY
RESISTANT PORTLAND WHITE CEMENT, POWDERED WHITE MARBLE AND NATURAL
COLORANTS. WEAR RESISTANCE, COLOR AND BRIGHTNESS RELY ON THE
QUALITY OF THIS LAYER.
•SECOND LAYER:
THIS LAYER IS A MORTAR MADE OF FINE SAND AND STANDARD
PORTLAND GRAY CEMENT. THE MORTAR IS APPLIED AS A BASE TO REINFORCE
THE FIRST LAYER, PROVIDING THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND HIGH COMPRESSION
LOADS FOR THE FINISHED PRODUCT.
•THIRD LAYER:
THIS IS A POROUS MIXTURE WITH THE REQUIRED THICKNESS
FOR IMPACT STRENGTH BEFORE AND AFTER INSTALLATION. A GOOD TILE
SHOULD BE HIGHLY COMPACT AND WATERPROOF. THE TILES ARE THEN GLAZED.
THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY USING RICH HIGH QUALITY CEMENT THAT IS
MECHANICALLY MIXED AND MANUFACTURED UNDER HIGH PRESSURE. ONCE
COMPLETE, THE TILE UNDERGOES A THOROUGH CURING PROCESS.
CEMENT TILES
7. SPECIAL AND UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF CEMENT TILES:
•CEMENT TILES ARE 100% HANDCRAFTED, PAYING ATTENTION TO INDIVIDUAL
DESIGN AND COLORS SPECIFICATIONS.
•TILES ARE NOT A POLLUTANT BECAUSE THEY ARE MANUFACTURED WITH
100% NATURAL MATERIALS.
•TILES DO NOT CONTAIN ANY LEAD. THEY ARE NOT FLAMMABLE AND ARE
100% RECYCLABLE.
•TILES ARE FRESH IN HOT WEATHER AND ARE NOT SLIPPERY TO THE BARE
FOOT.
•TILES CAN BE MANUFACTURED TO ANY DESIGN, SHAPE, SIZE AND COLOR.
•QUALITY CONTROL IS PERFORMED ON A INDIVIDUAL BASIS (PIECE BY PIECE).
SACRED WALL CLADDING TILEVERANO WALL CLADDING
TILES
9. LAYING INSTRUCTIONS FOR WALLS
•PLASTER THE SURFACE TO BE TILED WITH MORTAR (CEMENT AND SAND IN THE RATIO 1:3).
•PREPARE CEMENT MORTAR I.E. MIXTURE OF CEMENT SAND AND WATER TO FORM A THICK
PASTE AND SPREAD IT ON THE BACK SIDE OF THE TILE AFTER WETTING THE TILE
WITH SPONGE.
•IF TILES ARE SQUARE OR RECTANGULAR IN SHAPE, SET THE RIGHT ANGLES FOR THE AREA
AND PLACE THE FIRST TILE ALONG THE RIGHT ANGLE LINES AND PLACE IT ON BASE
MORTAR. TAP GENTLY ONLY WITH A RUBBER OR WOODEN MALLET TO OBTAIN PERFECT
LEVELS.
•CLEAN THE SURFACE OF THE TILE WITH CLEAN WATER IMMEDIATELY AFTER LAYING WITH
WET SPONGE, ENSURE THE BASE MORTAR CEMENT WHICH SQUEEZES THROUGH THE JOINTS
DOES NOT SETTLE ON THE TILE. ALSO ENSURE THAT THE WATER USED IS NOT HARD TO
BRACKISH.
•FILL IN THE JOINTS WITH POINTING MATERIAL WHICH IS A MIXTURE OF WHITE CEMENT
AND DESIRED COLOR PIGMENT. FOR HIGHER QUALITY OF FINISHES.
•YOU COULD USE, IF REQUIRED, A POLYMER BASED CEMENTITOUS TILLING JOINT FILLER
LIKE ROFFE RAINBOW. TO GET THE DESIRED COLOR/SHADE, MIX THE SAME WITH WATER TO
FORM A SMOOTH PASTE WHICH SHOULD BE APPLIED TO THE JOINTS, PREFERABLY WITH THE
USE OF RUBBER SQUEEZE OR RUBBER SHEET. DO NOT APPLY THE POINTING MATERIAL ALL
OVER THE SURFACE.
•ALLOW POINTING MATERIAL TO SET FOR 15 MINUTES AND THEN CLEAN THE SURFACE OF
THE TILE WITH A CLEAN WET SPONGE, REMOVING THE EXCESS PIGMENT ON THE TILE
SURFACE.
•WASH THE SURFACE WITH SOAP WATER OR MILD DETERGENT TO OBTAIN A CLEAN SURFACE
AND WIPE IT.
10. MAINTAINING CONCRETE TILES
THE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE TILES WILL VARY DEPENDING ON THE
APPLICATION AND WHETHER THE TILES ARE USED ON AN EXTERIOR OR INTERIOR
SURFACE. FOR EXAMPLE, CONCRETE TILES USED AS AN INTERIOR WALL CLADDING WILL
REQUIRE VERY LITTLE MAINTENANCE, WHILE TILES USED ON A FLOOR OR COUNTERTOP OR
ON AN EXTERIOR SURFACE EXPOSED TO THE ELEMENTS WILL REQUIRE REGULAR CLEANING
AND RESEALING TO KEEP THEM LOOKING THEIR BEST.
OVERVIEW OF CEMENT TILE INSTALLATION
CEMENT TILES CAN, FOR THE MOST PART, BE INSTALLED LIKE OTHER TYPES OF TILE. BUT
THERE ARE SOME CAVEATS TO BE AWARE OF:
•CEMENT TILE IS A BIT HEAVIER THAN CERAMIC TILE.
•CEMENT TILE SHOULD BE HANDLED WITH CARE PRIOR TO AND DURING INSTALLATION.
AVOID STACKING THE TILES AND DROPPING THEM.
•TO PREVENT STAINING, IT IS ADVISABLE TO SEAL CONCRETE TILE SURFACES WITH A
PENETRATING SEALER BEFORE GROUTING. THIS WILL ALSO MAKE IT EASIER TO SPREAD
THE GROUT AND ASSIST IN CLEANUP.
•YOU SHOULD ALWAYS TEST A COLORED GROUT ON A SPARE PIECE OF CONCRETE TILE TO
BE SURE THAT THE GROUT PIGMENT DOES NOT STAIN THE TILE SURFACE.
•FOR INSTALLATION OF CONCRETE TILES USE A NAME-BRAND FORTIFIED THIN-SET OR TILE
MASTIC THAT IS RECOMMENDED FOR THE SURFACE YOU ARE MOUNTING THE TILE TO.
•AFTER BEGINNING TILE INSTALLATION, REMOVE A PIECE OF TILE TO INSPECT THE
COVERAGE OF ADHESIVE YOU ARE GETTING ON THE BACK. IDEALLY, IT SHOULD BE
COVERING 90% TO 100% OF THE SURFACE.
•DUE TO THE WEIGHT OF CONCRETE, WHEN INSTALLING ON WALLS YOU WILL NEED TO
SUPPORT EACH TILE TO AVOID SLIPPING.
14. ADVANTAGES OF ULTRA TILE
•LARGEST MANUFACTURER: LARGEST MANUFACTURER OF CEMENT CONCRETE
TILES IN INDIA. SEGMENT LEADER IN THE DESIGNER TILE INDUSTRY.
• NON DEGRADABLE FIBRILLATED FIBRE: TILES REINFORCED WITH NON
DEGRADABLE FIBRILLATED FIBRE. HENCE EXTRA STRENGTH AND EXTRA
ABRASION RESISTANCE (GENERALLY KNOWN AS SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT).
•GREEN PRODUCT: QUALIFIES FOR THE GREEN PRODUCT - ENVIRONMENTAL
FRIENDLY.
•WIDE DESIGNS: WIDE DESIGNS RANGE WITH COMBO OPTIONS.
•WIDE COLORS: AVAILABLE IN WIDE RANGE OF COLORS.
•CONTINUOS UPGRADING: THE ULTRA DESIGNER TILES ENGAGED IN
CONTINUOUS UPGRADING OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME BY WHICH
WE ARE SETTING THE STANDARD FOR EXTERIOR DESIGNER TILES.
•SOLAR REFLECTIVITY INDEX: LESS HEAT ABSORPTION AS PER SRI (SOLAR
REFLECTIVITY INDEX) IS > 0.50 (MINIMUM REQUIRED FOR REFLECTIVE TILES IS
> 0.30).
•ADHESIVE STRENGTH: FOR WALL,BEING THE CEMENT BASED TILE,CEMENT TO
CEMENT ADHESIVE STRENGTH WILL BE MORE.
•IMMEDIATE SERVICE: PLANTS ARE LOCATED NEARER TO THE MARKET AND
REQUIRED STOCK AVAILABILITY FOR IMMEDIATE SERVICE IS POSSIBLE.
