Floors divide buildings into levels and provide support. A good floor should be durable, easy to clean, noiseless, attractive, damp resistant, fire resistant, and low maintenance. Flooring selection depends on initial cost, appearance, cleanliness, durability, damp resistance, sound insulation, thermal insulation, fire resistance, smoothness, hardness, and maintenance. Common flooring materials include stone, timber, concrete, tiles, flexible materials, and metal. Vitrified tiles are a non-porous ceramic tile used for flooring. They are strong, scratch and stain resistant, and can be used indoors and outdoors. Marble is a decorative metamorphic rock available in various colors; it is softer than granite

1. FLOORS
• are horizontal elements of building structures which divide building into
CHARACTERISTICS OF
A GOOD FLOORING
BY, S.ḌIVYA
SELECTION OF FLOORINGDEPENDS
UPON BELOW FACTORS
• Initial Cost
different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the
restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the
occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.
• A floor finish is a liquid which is applied to a resilient tile floor and dries to a
hard, durable and smooth film. This film is about the thickness of waxed
paper and is expected to protect and extend the life of the floor while
providing an attractive appearance and slip resistant surface.
• It should be durable
• It should be easy to clean
• Noiseless
• Have Good Appearance
• Free from dampness
• Fire Resistant
• Low Maintenance cost
• Appearance
• Cleanliness
• Durability
• Damp Resistance
• Sound Insulation
• Thermal Insulation
• Fire Resistance
• Smoothness
• Hardness
• Maintenance
FLOORING TYPES
NATURAL MAN MADE
MUD STONE TIMBER CONCRETE TILES FLEXIBLE METAL
 COW DUNG
 MURAM
 TERRCOTTA
 MARBLE
 GRANITE
 CUDDAPPAH
 TANDUR
 SHAHBAD
 KOTA
 COBBLE
 SINGLE
 DOUBLE
 TRIPLE
 MONOLITHIC
 VACCUM
DEWATERED
 INDIAN
PATENTSTONE
 FERROCEM
 IRONITE
 TERRAZZO
 PAVEMENT
 CERAMIC
 ACID RESISTANT
 PVC
 WOOD LAM
 PLAYBOARDS
 VITREFIED
 GLASS
 BRICK
 MOSAIC
 CONCRETE TILES
 INTERLOCKERS
 LINDLEUM
 RUBBER
 CORK
 PVC
 STEEL
 ALUMINIUM

2. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
• Hardness
n • Maintenance
METAL
• Goodo
•
pt throoms andkitchens.
INTRODUCTION
 Soft sheet and flexible or tile that attaches to
underlayment with adhesive.
 Easy to install and clean.
 Made of mixture of PVC and plasticizers.
 Self-adhesive.
 Comes in variety softness, very durable, style,and quality.
ADVANTAGE
• Low co
Ss
E
tL
aE
nC
dT
lo
IO
nN
glO
as
F
tiF
nL
gOORINGDEPENDS
• Easy to
Um
PO
ai
N
nt
B
aE
in
LOW FACTORS
• Moistureresistant
Initial Cost
• A
io
pp
nefa
o
rr
an
b
ca
e • Thermal Insulation
• Usable• in
Cl
h
ae
na
liv
ny
est
srafficareas•anF
d
irc
eo
R
m
esm
ist
e
ar
n
c
c
ie
al
1. Vinyl sheet
 Wear layer must be thick so it is long lasting.
 Available in 6, 9, or 12 feet wide.
 Made of moisture, and mildew-resistant to provide a level DISADVANTAGE
buildin
•gs
Durability
• Comfo•
rta
D
b
alm
ep
uR
ne
dse
is
rt
fa
o
n
o
ct
e
• Provid•
esSg
oo
uo
nd
dIin
nss
u
u
la
la
tit
o
in
o
• Smoothness
of cushioning.
 2 types ; printed and inlaid vinyl
 INSTALLATION -Remove obstacles. Create space for the
new flooring t slip under. Even out the floor surface.
Createa paper template. Workingaroundwork trim. Tape
the paper template to the underlayment. Mark the
underlayment. Use a rented staples. Fill gaps and holes.
Place the template on the flooring. Cut the flooring.
Double-cut the seams. Press down the flooring.
2.Vinyl tile
 Available in 12 inches or 18 inches square.
 Available with peel and stick adhesive backings.
 Coveredwith protectivesurfacecoating to preventmarks
and stain.
• 2 types ; solid and composite tiles.
• INSTALLATION-Prepare door casing and jambs. Install
underlayment. Loose-lay the tile. Measure for the border.
Apply the adhesive. Install full tiles. Cut tile to fit. Cut partial
tiles. Lay the border. Install carpet strip.
• Can rip and willgouge if a sharp object is dropped.
• Almostimpossible to fix.
• Need to be pieced and willhave seam should be installed by professional.
• Floor surfacemust be clean to make surethe flooringhas flat without bumps or
bubbles.
• Difficultto removeand replace.
• Haveto usespecial machineto scrape the vinyloff the floor.
• Cannotbe refinished or polished
• Can look dull after some wear and tear
• Sensitive to sunlight
• Can easily fadeor crack
USE
used in INTERIOR Work and also photo laborites, airport, drg. Room, bedroom,offices
water proof used in bathrooms. Flooring in toilet Flooringin drg. room Flooring in
kitchen .Vinyl composition tile (VCT) is a finished flooring material used primarily in
commercial and institutional applications.

3. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
• Extrem s.
• Durability
INTRODUCTION
 Ceramics is an inorganic, non-metallic solid
made up of metal or non-metal compounds
that have been shaped when soft and then
ADVANT
SA
EG
LE
ECTION OFFLOORINGDEPENDS
• Harder
Ut
P
h
O
aN
n c
B
o
E
nL
vO
en
W
tio
FA
na
ClT
sO
tr
R
uS
cturemetals.
• Low coefficient of friction.
• Extrem
• eI
ln
yih
tia
ig
l h
Co
m
steltingpoint.
hardened when heated in high temperatures.
Ceramics may contain a crystalline or partly
crystallinestructure, or it can be amorphous
 The earliest were pottery objects madefrom
clay, usuallyfromdirtmixedwith water. It can
• Corros
•ioA
npr
p
e
es
air
s
a
tn
ac
n
ece.
• Low de
•
n
C
s
l
i
a
ty
n
.
liness
• eD
h
a
a
m
rd
pn
Re
es
sistance
• Inexpe•nsSiovuen. dInsulation
• Easily available.
• Thermal Insulation
• Fire Resistance
• Smoothness
• Hardness
• Maintenance
be by itself or mixed with other materials,
when soft it is moulded into a desired shape or
object then hardened in the fire. Later
ceramics werepainted, glazed and fired in the
kiln to create a smooth surface.
• Glazed ceramicdoes notstain
DISADVANTAGE
• Dimensional tolerances difficultto control
 Hard
 Brittle
 Wear-resistant
duringprocessing.
• Weak in tension.
• Poor shock resistance.
METAL
 Tough
 Very high elastic modulus
 High thermal expansion
 High corrosionresistance
 Non magnetic
• Can crack when hit with heavy items
USE
The major use of ceramic tiles is in flooring, and most residential buildingsprefer to
useceramic tiles in apartments. The low cost, ease of application and large variety of
shapes and sizes available makes them ideal for this purpose

4. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• Vitrified tile is basically a non-porous ceramic
tile, these tiles are mostcommonly used for
vitrified flooringas a replacementto marble
TYPES
• DoubleCharged Vitrified Tiles
• Full BodyVitrified Tiles
• Soluble Salt Vitrified Tiles
ADVANT
SA
EG
LE
E
ECTION OF FLOORINGDEPENDS
• strongU
aP
nO
dN
ho
B
m
Eo
Lg
O
e
W
neF
o
A
uC
sT
m
O
aR
te
Srial.
• Vitrified tiles are scratch and stain resistant.
• These•tilI
e
n
s
itc
ia
aln
Co
bs
e
t used for both indoor and
and granite flooringand are available in a vast • They are moreexpensivethan outdoo
•rA
ap
pp
pe
li
ac
ra
an
tic
o
en. • Thermal Insulation
variety of designsand colours. Vitrified tiles is ceramic and porcelaintiles. • They h
•av
C
e
la
a
nl
c
in
oe
nss
sistent desig•n ,Fp
ira
etR
te
er
si
n
sta
an
nc
d
e
madeby hydraulicpressinga mixtureof clay, • The tiles should be treated with texture
• .Durability • Smoothness
silica, quartz, and feldspar.Thus creating a • easy to
•
la
D
y
am
an
p
d
R
a
es
ri
e
st
e
a
a
n
s
ce
yto m•ain
Ht
a
a
ri
d
n
n.ess
care other the edges might
•
• Sound Insulation • Maintenance
Vitrified tile which are hard with low porosity
• Vitrified tiles are formed by the process of
vitrification hence it is a very strong and
homogeneous material. Clay is combined with
feldspar and quartz , all the materials change
to a molten liquid glass sate and then solidify
to make vitrifiedtiles a very hard material.
• Vitrified tiles are scratch and stain resistant.
• These tiles can be used for both indoor and
outdoor application.In the indoorsthey can be
used in residentialflooring , walltiles in
kitchens and bathrooms, for outdoorsthey are
highly suitable in high traffic areas.
• They have a consistent design , pattern and
texture .
• Vitrified tiles are easy to lay and are easy to
maintain.
• Vitrified tiles are stronger than ceramic and
porcelain tiles and can be used for high traffic
areas and residential areas.
crack and chipped.
USE
In the indoorsthey can be used in
residential flooring, wall tiles in
kitchens and bathrooms, for
outdoorsthey are highly suitable
in high traffic areas.
used for high traffic areas and residential
areas.
DISADVANTAGE
• They are moreexpensivethan ceramic and
porcelain tiles.
• The tiles should be treated with car
M
e o
Et
T
hA
er
Lthe
edges might crack and chipped.

5. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION SELECTIONOF FLOORING DEPENDS
 Marbleis a metamorphicrock composed of recrystallized carbonateminerals, mostcommonlycalciteand d
U
o
P
lo
O
m
Nit
B
eE
. LOWFACTORS
 The marble rock is typically composedof an interlocking mosaicof carbonate crystals.
 Marbleis a type of metamorphicrock that has rich veiningand is availablein a variety of colors. Marbleis m
• oIr
n
e
itp
iao
l r
Co
ou
sts than graniteand is not
recommended for kitchen flooringunless honed and then sealed on a regular basis. • Appearance • Thermal Insulation
 Marbleis a crystalline, compactvariety of metamorphosed limestone, consistingprimarilyof calcite and do
•loC
m
la
in
te
lin
oe
rsa
s combinatio
• nFo
ir
feb
R
o
et
sh
istance
minerals. • Durability • Smoothness
 CHARACTERISTICS•Texture- granular. Grain size- medium grained; can seeinterlockingcalcite crystals w
•itD
ha
tm
he
p R
ne
as
k
is
etd
an
e
cy
ee. Har
•dn
He
as
rd
sn
-eh
ss
ard,
although componentmineralissoft. Colour - variable- puremarbleis white . Mineralogy -calcite. Other fe•
atu
So
re
un
sd
-I
g
n
e
s
n
ul
e
a
r
t
a
io
ln
ly gritt
•y t
M
oat
in
ot
u
ec
nh
an
. U
ce
ses -
buildingstone; dimension stonefor buildingfacings, pavingetc; cut into blocks and cutfor monuments, headstones etc (wears over time dueto
softness of calcite, proneto acid rain damagewhitingmaterial in toothpaste, paintand paper.
ADVANTAGE
• available in broad rangeof colours,patterns and designs, elegant and
beautiful.
• As marbleis translucentmaterial, when exposed to sunlight, marble
flooringglows and increases radiance in the room.
• For hot climates, marble flooringis favorable as onefeels relatively cold
underfoot.
• easily cut, edges can be moulded, shaped, etc.
• It is eco-friendly material as no chemical process is involved in its
manufacturing. Also, itis completelydegradable at the end of its life.
• is extremely durableand longlasting.
• It has high resistance to fire, unlikewoodflooring.
• easy to clean.
DISADVANTAGE
• Marbleflooringgets very cold in winter season. not suitable.
• veryexpensive
• reacts easily with an acid. Result in stains on its surface.
• a softer stone, which makes it susceptible to scratM
chE
es
TfA
ro
Lm
sharp or hard objects.
• Installation of marble flooring is very much time consuming,
and requires skilled labourers, particularly when you have to
match veins of marble.
• requires proper careand maintenance.
• It is very difficultto change/replace marble flooring once
installed, as the stone of same colour and design is hard to
find after few years.
USE
• Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways,
Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration, Kitchens and
Stair Treads,

6. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
patterns.
INTRODUCTION
 Graniteis a common typeof igneousrock, that is granular.
 Granites can be predominantlywhite,pink,orgrey in colourdependingon there
ADVANT
S
A
E
G
LE
E
E CTION OF FLOORINGDEPENDS
• Granite
Uf
P
lo
O
o
N
riB
nE
gL
is
Oh
W
arF
dA
, d
Cu
Tr
O
aR
bl
S
e& longlasting.
• Granitecan be easily maintained.
• It is av•
ailIa
nb
itlie
aliC
now
stiderangeof colours&
mineralogy.
• Appearance
•
• Clanliness •
Thermal Insulation
•
Fire Resistance
 The word ‘GRANITE’ comes from theLatin word granum , a grain, in reference to the It is hy•po
D
au
ll
re
ar
bg
ile
itn
yic, allergen•&S
b
m
ac
ot
oe
th
ri
n
a
elss
coarse grained structureof the rock. resista•ntD
. amp Resistance • Hardness
 Granitehas 20% quartz and up to 65% alkalifeldspar by volume. • Extrem
•el
S
y
or
ue
ns
dis
In
ta
su
nlt
at
tio
on
water•n M
m
a
o
in
is
te
tu
na
re
nc
.e
DISADVANTAGE
• Expensivethan other material.
• Needs professional installation.
• It can feel hard & cold underfoot.
• Needs regular cleaning. METAL
USE
Graniteis used in buildings, bridges, paving,
monuments, and many other exterior projects. Indoors,
polished granite slabs and tiles are used in countertops,
tile floors, stair treads and many other design elements.
Graniteis a prestige material, used in projects to
produceimpressions of eleganceand quality

7. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
winters.
DISADVANTAGE
• Skill required ( Butnottoo technical)
• Human labor required
• Durableonlyfor a year 27
• it is notmoistureresistant.
METAL
INTRODUCTION
• natural typeof flooring.
• asiest form of material available for constructionof
building. The method of constructinga mud floor is
ADVANT
SA
EG
LE
ECTION OFFLOORINGDEPENDS
• MudU
flP
oo
O
r
N
inB
gE
is
LO
ch
W
eaF
pA
a
C
n
T
d
O
h
R
aS
rd.
• Easy to construct.It doesnot requireskilled
labou
• r.Initial Cost
• It has
• gA
op
op
d
ea
th
ra
e
n
r
c
m
e al insulat•
ion
Th
p
er
ro
m
p
ae
lr
In
ty
s.uI
lt
ation
rema
•
inC
sla
cn
ol
o
in
le
is
ns
summersa•
nd
Fw
ire
aR
rm
esii
sn
tance
quite simple.
• Good quality and clean mud is first selected.
• Durability
• Damp Resistance
•
• Smoothness
• Hardness
• Then small quantities of choppedstraw are mixed
in it along with water to make a consistent paste.
• ChoppedStraws are mixed to preventthe mud
floor from cracks duringdrying.
• Then about 25cm (10”)thickness of this paste is
applied on already prepared floor bed.
• After that, the floor is rammed properly to get a
compacted, even and level surface of about 15cm
(6”) thickness.No water should be used duringthe
process of ramming.
• Mud floors haveto be maintained at least onceor
twice a week
• Sometimes, cow-dungis also mixed with earth and
a thin layer of this mix is spread over the
compacted layer to give texture.
• Mud floor ismaintained by giving a thin cement USE
It is e
•nv
Si
o
r
u
o
n
n
dm
In
e
sn
ut
la
at
li
lo
ynfriend
•lyM
fla
o
in
ot
r
ein
na
g
n
.ce
• It is fire resistant.
• It is noiseless.
cow-dungwash(1:2 to 1:3)onceor twice a week. Mud flooringis onetypeof flooringthat
is most commonly used in ruralareas
even today.

8. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
SELECTION OF FLOORINGDEPENDS
ADVANT
U
A
P
G
O
E
N BELOW FACTORS
• Cheaper
• Provi
•de
In
sit
a
ia
n
lo
Cn
oss
tlippery
• Floor that has brick /brick tile as its covering.
• The flooringis donewith layingbricks down in a
• firer•
esA
is
p
tp
ae
n
atra
sn
uc
re
face.
• Easil•
y r
C
e
l
p
an
al
ii
r
n
a
e
b
ss
le.
• Thermal Insulation
• Fire Resistance
• bed of mortar and arranged in a pattern. • Toug
•
h ,
D
d
u
u
r
r
a
a
b
b
il
l
i
e
ty
and sufficie
•
nt
S
ly
m
h
o
a
ot
r
h
d
n
.
ess
• Commonlyused in alluvialplaces, where stone is
scarce
• well burntbricks of good quality are readily
available in Warehouses,Stores, Godowns,Places
where heavy articles are stored.
• The brick flooringmay be donewith bricks laid
flat, or on edge arranged in hearing-bone pattern,
or set at right angles to the walls.
• Brick-on edge is preferred to bricks laid flat,
because the former beingless liable to crack under
pressurethan the latter and also havingthe higher
depth gives a greater thickness in the former case
to resist the moisturepenetration.
• Bricksare available in a range of
thicknesses,40mmto 100mm. For domesticuse
,the 50mm -60mmunits aresuitable. Road
USE
Brick Flooringis commonlyused in
godowns; warehouses, residential
• Damp Resistance
• Easy•inSm
ou
a
n
id
nt
In
es
n
u
a
la
nt
c
io
en
.
• Easy to construct.
• Hardness
• Maintenance
construction -80 mm thick units. Airports, ports
and freight yard-100mmthickunits.
houses, garden, roads and in areas where
good bricks are available.
DISADVANTAGE
• Slightly Uneven when laid.
• The resulting surfaceis notsmooth and is
rough. METAL
• Water absorbent.

9. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• KOta stone is a naturallyavailable limestonewith
an elite blend ofshades.
ADVANSTEALGEECTION OFFLOORING DEPENDS
• KotU
aP
st
O
oN
ne
B
fE
lo
L
o
O
rW
ing
Fi
A
sC
aT
fO
inR
eS
, combineof
magnificence and luxury givingused in the
inte•
rio
In
ria
ti
n
al
dCe
ox
st
terior to enhance the look of
• It is usuallyavailablein the Kota district of the b
• uA
ilp
dp
ie
na
g
r.ance • Thermal Insulation
Rajasthan state of India.
• well known for its attractive colors.
• It is•an
Ce
lax
n
c
li
e
n
le
le
ss
nt buildings
•toF
n
ir
eefR
oe
rsh
isu
ta
m
nc
id
e
regi
•
on
D
s
u
a
r
n
ab
d
il
f
i
r
ty
eezingregio•
nsS
,m
an
o
d
oth
itn
i
e
s
ss
• Damp Resistance • Hardness
• However,thebrown color isthe popular.Other
colors are Black, Pink, Grey, and Beige.
• Physical properties like hardness, non porousand
homogeneity makeit extraordinary from other
stones.
• LAYING Same as that of marble Except that the
edge of slab to be jointed shuold be buttered with
grey cement.
• Kota stone is used in two finishes i.e. roughdress
and polished finish.
• Kota Stone is available in natural shades and it can
be cut in to any sizeand shape as per the
requirement.
non•
poS
ro
ou
u
n
s
da
In
ns
d
un
lao
tin
on
observ
•an
M
ta
ti
o
nt
w
en
aa
tn
ec
re
.
• Kota stone floorsare heavy and they are
set on strong base of base coat.
• It is the cheapest stone s among the other
natural stones.
• Kota stoneare available in differentsizes
slab/tiles of 30x30, 40x40, 30x60,
40x60,60x60, 50x50, 55x55, anM
d 6
E
0
T
xA
90
L
centimeters
USE
It is an excellent buildingstone for Pathways, Corridors,
Driveways,Commercialbuildings,chemical indus
tries dueto its resistant properties.
MAINTENANCEOFKOTASTONE
• Kota Stone is highly durablebutif you wantto
maintain the smoothness of the stoneyou
mustdo polishing periodically.
• Polishing helps to render a shine and
smoothness to the stone surface.
• Polishingwax is easily available in market and
can be used to polish the Kota stone surface.
• Applyingpolishhas an added advantageasit
prevents the flakingof stone.

10. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• Terrazzo is a flooring material traditionally madeby
exposingmarble chips on the surface of concreteand
then polishing until smooth.
• Howeverterrazzo is now availablein tile form.
• It’s often used in publicbuildings because it’s
longlastingand can be refinished repeatedly.
• The typical thickness for terrazzo is between 2 1/2"
and 3"
• CONCRETE+STONE, GLASS, PLASTIC AGGREGATES=
TERRAZO
ADVANTAGE
• Uniquebeauty
• Elegance
• Longevity
• Comfortable under feet
• Controls noise
USE
both indoors and outdoors.
METAL
DISADVANTAGE
• Terrazzois quiteslippery
• Expensive
• Need skills for installation
• Polishingneeded for maintainingthe look.

11. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• This is a superior typeof flooring
• Places whereextra cleanliness is essentia
• They are laid in differentsizes usuallyin
rectangular and square shapes.
• They are longlasting
• They are slipperywhen polished
• MATERIALS-Whitecementor grey cement.
ADVANTAGE
• High fired and durable.
• Densehard and tough.
• Mosaic tile comes in a widevariety of
colours and textures.
• Easy to customizeyourself.
• Water and bacteria resistant.
• Great for do it yourself project.
• Low maintenance.
DISADVANTAGE
• Relativelyexpensive
• They can get slippery
Marblechips, size varies from 3mm to
6mm.Tintof color as desired
• PREPARATION-Thesubbase is preparedin
ratio 1:6:12. Itis 3 inch deep A 30mm deep
• Challengingto install
USE
METAL
plain cement concrete is laid in the ratio of
1:2:4. Thefinishing layer is of cement and
marble dustmixed with marblechips. cement
and marble dustwith marble chips, mixed in
ratio of 1:2. Then grindingfinishes the floor.
MOSAIC FLOORING
pools, bathrooms, kitchen, and livingspace,
decorativeelement
CEMENT SAND
MORTAR
LIME CONCRETE

12. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• Concreteis universallyused in floor slabs.
• Normally,these floorslabs are coveredwith
another flooringmaterial such as
marble/granite, tiles, carpetingor wood.
• However, Concretefloorsthat are notcovered
with another material are gaining popularity in
retail stores, restaurants, warehousesand other
commercial buildingssince it providesalow-
cost yet highly durableflooringsurface.
• Concreteflooring is extremely tough and
resilient and is able to withstand heavy weight
and very hard.
• Composition: Concreteis produced by mixing
cement with fine aggregate (sand), coarse
aggregate (gravel or crushed stone), water, and
variouschemicals called admixtureswhich
control setting time and plasticity.
• Thickness: Its thickness varies from 25mm to
50mm.
• Weight: Concretehas a lot of dead weight.
ADVANTAGE
• heapest flooring
• Easy installation
• Highly durable
• Finish: Concrete can be polished to a smooth shine but is tricky to finish with
acrylicbased coatings.
• Design options: When mostpeoplethink of concrete floors they think of ugly,grey
utilitarian surfaceswith sharp bumpy textures. However, nowadays, colouring
concrete or applyingtextures, patterns, saw cuts, etc., can bring new life to this
traditional substrate
• Versatile: You havethe choice of coveringthe concrete slab with any other flooring
material at a later date
USE
usuallyoutdoor
DISADVANTAGE
• Hard floor hurtyourself.
• Uncomfortable to stand on Concrete for long
periods of time.
• Man-madematerial
• notas durableasTerrazzoor Marbleflooring.
• Cold underfoot
• moisturecan penetrate throughthe concrete
floor leadingto growthof mold.
• Not a green option
• Non-allergic: It is a good alternativeto carpet
METAL

13. BY, S.ḌIVYA
R15AR017
INTRODUCTION
• it possess natural beauty.
• This typeof floor constructionis notextensively used but is
popular for
• special purpose floors, e.g. in auditorium,hospitals.
• Wooden flooringshouldhavea concrete base or shouldrest
on joists
• spanningacross wallswhich are constructed at suitable
interval.
• There are two types of wood floorsavailable on the market
today: Solid and Engineered.
• Over the finished floor,woodenplanks withtongueand
grooveare placed.
ADVANTAGE
• Woodisa naturalinsulator.
• Easily cleaned and maintained.
• Longlasting with propercare.
• Bepurchased unfinished or pre-finished.
• Extremelybeautiful and adds avalueto a
home.
• Re-cyclicusemakes it superior.
• Scratch resistant
• Non fading
• Not muchpolishingrequired.
• Does not damagethe sub floor.
• Elastic in nature
USE
•Auditoriums,dancinghalls, Gymnasia, squashcourts and, residential areas etc.
DISADVANTAGE
• Moreproneto termite attack.
METAL
• Discoloration decreases its value.
• Refinishingdust causes unhealthy
environment.
• Large cracks between the boards make the
flooringworse.
• Solventproductscan causefire duringits
installation.
• Chemical emission from the sealer or surface
finish affects the health adversely