Cells & organelles 2015
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this ppt tells cells and organelles in science and biology relating to microorganisms and fundamental building blocks of life. this covers phospholipid bilayer. plant cells animal cells different parts.
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The document discusses the structures and functions of organelles within plant and animal cells. It describes key organelles such as the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and others. Each organelle has a specific function, such as the mitochondria which produces ATP and the chloroplasts which facilitate photosynthesis. The organelles work together to carry out essential functions required for the cell to survive.
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1. Plant cells contain organelles that animal cells do not, such as a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles.
2. The organelles in plant cells include the nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi complex, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
3. While plant cells contain more types of organelles, the document notes that animal cells seem more complex than plant cells in reality.
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Lysosomes are spherical organelles found only in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They function as the waste disposal system for the cell by digesting unwanted materials through intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are bound by a single lipid membrane that protects the cell from the digestive enzymes within. They receive their enzymes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are produced by the Golgi apparatus. A lack of proper lysosome function can lead to a buildup of waste and cell death.
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Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in animal and plant cells that contain digestive enzymes. They were discovered in 1955 and play key roles in breaking down materials through autophagy, heterophagy, cell death pathways, and more. Lysosomes produce hydrolase enzymes and maintain an acidic interior environment needed for enzymatic reactions. They receive enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and digest extracellular and intracellular cargo through membrane fusion events.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain digestive enzymes. They were discovered in 1955 by Christian de Duve and function to digest materials through hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosomes are produced in the Golgi apparatus and contain around 40 varieties of hydrolase enzymes that function in an acidic environment. The main functions of lysosomes include digesting extracellular and intracellular material through processes like heterophagy, programmed cell death, autophagy, autolysis, and roles in fertilization and causing chromosomal damage.
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1. Plant cells contain organelles that animal cells do not, such as a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles.
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Lysosomes are spherical organelles found only in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They function as the waste disposal system for the cell by digesting unwanted materials through intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are bound by a single lipid membrane that protects the cell from the digestive enzymes within. They receive their enzymes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are produced by the Golgi apparatus. A lack of proper lysosome function can lead to a buildup of waste and cell death.
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Lysosomes
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- The cytoplasm holds organelles and their nutrients and products in suspension.
- The nucleus controls cell activities and transport of proteins and nutrients. It contains the cell's DNA.
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Plant cell
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Cells are the basic unit of all living things according to the cell theory. All organisms are made up of one or more cells, and cells only come from pre-existing cells. The main components of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what passes in and out. Within the cell is the cytoplasm, mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. Organelles are structures that have specialized functions within cells, and include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and plastids in plant cells.
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Lysosomes are spherical organelles found only in animal cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes. They function as the waste disposal system for the cell by digesting unwanted materials through intracellular digestion. Lysosomes are bound by a single lipid membrane that protects the cell from the digestive enzymes within. They receive their enzymes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are produced by the Golgi apparatus. A lack of proper lysosome function can lead to a buildup of waste and cell death.
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Cell organelles
This document provides information on various cell organelles and their functions. It discusses the key organelles found in eukaryotic cells including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, and centrosomes. For each organelle, it provides details on their structure, role, and working within the cell. The nucleus controls all cell activity, mitochondria generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum modifies and transports proteins, the Golgi apparatus packages molecules for secretion, lysosomes digest waste, peroxisomes break down fatty acids, plastids perform photosynthesis and store food, vacuoles isolate waste and
wepik-the-building-blocks-of-life-cell-theory-cycle-and-organelles-2024022313...
The document discusses the cell theory, cell cycle, and organelles. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are composed of cells. The cell cycle involves a series of events that lead to cell division. Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform functions like producing energy and transporting proteins. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
wepik-the-building-blocks-of-life-cell-theory-cycle-and-organelles-2024022313...
The document discusses the cell theory, cell cycle, and organelles. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are composed of cells. The cell cycle involves a series of events that lead to cell division. Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform functions like producing energy and transporting proteins. Examples of organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Lecture No 004.1 Cell_structure_function.ppt
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It defines cells as the basic unit of life and describes their varying sizes and shapes. The key components of cells are then outlined, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The functions of these structures are explained. The document also covers cellular transport mechanisms, cell division, and cell death.
Cell Organelles
This document discusses the structures and functions of various cell organelles. It describes the nucleus as controlling most cell processes and containing DNA. It notes that ribosomes assemble proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum completes protein assembly, and the Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins. Finally, it explains that chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, mitochondria perform cellular respiration, and cell membranes and walls form cellular boundaries.
Cell Structures
This document provides an overview of cell biology concepts including:
- Biology is the study of living things from cells to organisms. All living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of structure and function.
- There are two main types of cells - prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while prokaryotic cells do not.
- Organisms can be unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, made of many different cell types organized into tissues and organs.
- Key cellular structures include the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and in plant cells, a cell wall. Organelles such as
Cell organelle presentation
This document provides information about various prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures and organelles. It defines each structure and organelle, stating its function and whether it is found in prokaryotes, plant cells, animal cells, or some combination. Key structures and organelles discussed include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, ribosomes, and vacuoles. The document emphasizes that prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and have DNA located in the nucleoid, while eukaryotes have DNA in the nucleus. It also notes that plant cells contain chloroplasts, large central vacuoles, and
Animal/Plant cell
There are two main types of prokaryotic cells: Archaea and Bacteria. Eukaryotic cells, which make up the human body, are larger and contain membrane-bound organelles. The document then provides more details about the parts of cells, including their structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, etc.) and their functions (the nucleus acts as the brain, mitochondria produce energy, ribosomes make proteins, etc.). It notes that plant and animal cells contain these same basic parts but may differ in some additional structures like chloroplasts and cell walls.
Cellstructure 111113162625-phpapp02
This document provides an overview of cell structure and function. It begins with a brief history of cell theory and outlines the key points of cell theory. It then describes the basic structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the plasma membrane, genetic material, cytoplasm, and organelles. Specific organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes and mitochondria are explained in more detail. The roles of these structures and organelles in protein modification and transport are summarized. The document also addresses why cells are typically small in size.
The cell factory ppt
The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes the key components of cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and lysosomes. It explains that cells function similar to a factory, with different organelles and components performing specialized roles. The document also compares and contrasts plant and animal cells, noting that plant cells have additional structures like a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger central vacuoles.
Characteristics of living things
Living things respond to stimuli in their environment, perform life processes like metabolism, growth and reproduction. The document then describes that cells are the basic unit of structure of living things, and details the functions of key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and lysosomes. It explains how cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems.
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Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
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TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
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Handwritten best quality
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
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Cells & organelles 2015
- 1. Cell OrganellesCell Organelles BY: Natanael SamuelBY: Natanael Samuel Rungkat 11 smithRungkat 11 smith
- 2. Cell OrganellesCell Organelles OrganelleOrganelle also calledalso called “little organ”“little organ” Found only insideFound only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells All the stuff inAll the stuff in between thebetween the organelles isorganelles is cytosolcytosol Everything in a cellEverything in a cell except the nucleus isexcept the nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm CytomplasimCytomplasim is ais a watery substancewatery substance
- 3. CCytoplasimytoplasim Found in bothFound in both prokrayoticprokrayotic andand eukrayoticeukrayotic cellcell AidsAids the movement ofthe movement of cellular materialscellular materials TransportingTransporting productsproducts of genetic materialsof genetic materials AllowsAllows ribosomeribosome fromfrom neucleaus to moveneucleaus to move freelyfreely TransportTransport products ofproducts of cellular respiration.cellular respiration.
- 4. Cell MembraneCell Membrane BoundaryBoundarystructural formationstructural formation of the cellof the cell composedcomposed of a phosphoof a phospholipidlipid bibilayerlayer
- 5. NucleusNucleus Incharge ofIncharge of center ofcenter of the cellthe cellularular infocmationinfocmation StoreStore DNADNA Surrounded by aSurrounded by a double membranedouble membrane Most commonMost common organelle toorganelle to bebe observedobserved under aunder a microscopemicroscope Usually one per cellUsually one per cell
- 6. CytoskeletonCytoskeleton Plays aPlays a skeletonskeleton andand musclemuscle ProvidesProvides bothboth shapeshape and structureand structure Assists in theAssists in the movment ofmovment of organellesorganelles nearnear thethe cellcell ComposedComposed of threeof three types of filamentstypes of filaments
- 7. EndoplasmicEndoplasmic ReticulumReticulum ““ER”ER” In connectionIn connection toto nuclear membranenuclear membrane Is called asIs called as HighwayHighway of the cellof the cell Rough ERRough ER:: whenwhen withwith ribosomes; it makesribosomes; it makes proteinsproteins Smooth ERSmooth ER:: negativenegative ribosomesribosomes presencepresence;; it makes lipidsit makes lipids
- 8. RibosomeRibosome LocationLocation of proteinof protein synthesissynthesis Is eitherIs either attached toattached to rough ER or floatingrough ER or floating free in cytosolfree in cytosol Created in theCreated in the nucleus called thenucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus
- 9. Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus AppearsAppears like a stacklike a stack of platesof plates Functions toFunctions to Stores,Stores, modifies andmodifies and packages proteinspackages proteins Molecules transportedMolecules transported toto thethe GolgiGolgi is calledis called vesiclesvesicles
- 10. LysosomesLysosomes GarbageGarbage dispenser of thedispenser of the cellcell ProducesProduces digestive enzymesdigestive enzymes that break downthat break down wasteswastes
- 11. MitochondriaMitochondria ““Energy producerEnergy producer ofof the cell”the cell” Cellular respirationCellular respiration functionsfunctions to releaseto release energy for theenergy for the use ofuse of cellcell FormedFormed by a doubleby a double membranemembrane
- 12. ChloroplastChloroplast only in plant cellsonly in plant cells ProducesProduces greengreen pigmentpigment chlorophyllchlorophyll LocationLocation of foodof food ((glucoseglucose) production) production Bound by a doubleBound by a double membranemembrane
- 13. Cell WallCell Wall Located inLocated in plantplant andand bacterialbacterial cellscells Rigid, barrierRigid, barrier forfor ptotectionptotection outsideoutside of the cellof the cell membranemembrane isis CELLCELL WALLWALL located.located. cellulose (cellulose (fiberfiber))
- 14. VacuolesVacuoles BigBig centralcentral vacuolevacuole usually inusually in plantplant cellscells MostMost smaller vacuolessmaller vacuoles inin animalanimal cellscells Storage container forStorage container for water, food,water, food, enzymesenzymes,,
- 15. CentrioleCentriole AssistsAssists in cell divisionin cell division Mostly locatedMostly located inin animal cellsanimal cells ConsistsConsists ofof microtubulesmicrotubules Mictortubules are alsoMictortubules are also part of thepart of the cytoskeletoncytoskeleton