Cells are the basic unit of all living things according to the cell theory. All organisms are made up of one or more cells, and cells only come from pre-existing cells. The main components of a cell include the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what passes in and out. Within the cell is the cytoplasm, mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. Organelles are structures that have specialized functions within cells, and include the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, and plastids in plant cells.

2. CELL
 Cells are the basic unit of all
living things.
 Cell Theory:
• All organisms are made up of
one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of all
organisms
all cells come from cells.
• All cells arise from pre- existing
cells.
(BASIC INTRODUCTION)

3. MAIN COMPONENTS OF
CELL
 Cell Membrane
 Cytoplasm
 Nucleus

4. CELLMEMBRANE
 Surrounds the cell and decides
what comes in and out.
 Semi-permeable: allows nutrients
in and waste products out.
 Made of a phospholipid bilayer.
 Also called Plasma Membrane.

5. CELLWALL
 Found in plant and
bacterial cells.
 Rigid, protective barrier.
 Located outside of the cell
membrane.
 Made of cellulose (fiber).

6.  Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell
and is enclosed by the cell membrane.
 It is mainly composed of water, salts, and
proteins.
 The cytoplasm includes all of the material inside
the cell and outside of the nucleus.
CYTOPLASM

7. CELL
ORGANELLES

8. CELLORGANELLES
 Organelle= “little
organ”.
 They are the
functional units
specialized for some
particular functions.
 Found only inside
eukaryotic cells in
free state in
cytoplasm , a fluid
inside the cell.

9. LISTOF SOMEOF THECELLORGANELLES
 NUCLEUS
 ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
 RIBOSOMES
 VACUOLE
 GOLGI APPARATUS
 LYSOSOMES
 MITOCHONDRIA
 PLASTIDS
 CENTRIOLE

10. NUCLEUS
 Controlcenterof thecell.
 ContainsDNA.
 Surroundedby a doublemembrane-nuclear
membrane.
Usuallytheeasiestorganelletoseeundera
microscope.
 Usuallyonepercell.

11. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 A.k.a.“ER”.
 Connectedtonuclearmembrane.
 Highwayof thecell.
 RoughER:studdedwithribosomes;it makesproteins.
 SmoothER:no ribosomes;it makeslipids.

12. RIBOSOMES
 Site of protein synthesis.
 Found attached to rough ER or
floating free in cytoplasm.
 Produced in a part of the nucleus
called the nucleolus.
Note : Polypeptide is a chain of amino
acid. Also, known as proteins

13.  Largecentral vacuoleusually
inplantcells.
 Smallinanimalcells.
 Storagecontainerforwater,
food,enzymes,wastes,
pigments,etc.
VACUOLES

14. o Lookslikea stackof plates.
o Stores,modifiesandpackages
proteins.
o Moleculestransportedtoandfrom
theGolgiby meansof vesicles.
o Alsoknownas golgibodies.
GOLGIAPPARATUS

15.  Garbage disposal of
the cell.
 Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down wastes.
LYSOSOMES

16.  “Powerhouse of the
cell”.
 Cellular respiration
occurs here to release
energy for the cell to use.
 Bound by a double
membrane.
 Has its own strand of DNA.
MITOCHONDRIA

17. o Plastids are major double-
membrane organelle found, among
others, in the cells of plants and
algae.
o Found only in plant cell.
o Plastids are the site of
manufacture and storage of
important chemical compounds used
by the cell.
o They are divide into two:
 Chromoplasts
 Leucoplasts
PLASTIDS

18. LET’S REVISE
WITHACELLSONG

19. THECELLSONG

20. A presentation by
Harshpreet Kaur
Of Class XI- A