This document discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack internal membranes and organelles, while eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles. It then describes the major organelles found in plant and animal cells and their functions, such as the nucleus containing DNA, mitochondria producing energy, and chloroplasts facilitating photosynthesis in plant cells. Cell membranes surround and protect cells, while plant cells also contain a cell wall for additional support.

1. Ch. 2.2:
Cell Structure
& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

2. Focus Questions
1. What is the difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
2. What are the major cell parts/organelles
and their functions? (see table)

3. 1. What is the difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

4. Prokaryotic Cells
• Do not have
structures surrounded
by membranes
• DNA is not
surrounded by a
membrane (no
nucleus)
• Single-celled
organisms only
(Bacteria)
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

5. Eukaryotic Cells
• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• DNA is surrounded by a membrane (nucleus)
• Includes all multicellular organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

6. “Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

7. “Typical” Plant Cell
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

8. 2. What are the major cell
parts/organelles and their functions?
(see table)

9. Surrounding the Cell

10. Cell Membrane
• Protects the inside of a
cell from the outside
environment
• Controls movement of
materials in and out of
the cell
• Found in all cells types
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

11. Cell Wall • Stiff structure outside
of cell membrane that
supports & protects
cells
• Found in prokaryotes
& plant cells only
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

12. ONE OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT
AND ANIMAL CELLS IS THAT PLANT CELLS
HAVE:
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A. B. C. D. E.
A. CHROMOSOMES
B. GENES
C. CELL WALLS
D. NUCLEI
E. VACUOLES
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13. The cells in your body have
cell walls.
A. True
B. False NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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A. B.
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14. Inside the Cell

15. Organelle
• Structures within a cell that have
specialized functions
• Most are surrounded by a membrane

16. Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Contains genetic info
stored in DNA
• Found only in
eukaryotic cells
(plant & animal cells)

17. DNA
• Stores genetic
information
• Located in the
nucleus only in
eukaryotes (plant &
animal cells)
• Prokaryotes –
floats around in
cytoplasm

18. THE GENETIC INFORMATION FOR AN ORGANISM IS
FOUND IN THIS ORGANELLE.
A. NUCLEAR
MEMBRANES
B. NUCLEUS
C. VACUOLE
D. MITOCHONDRIA
E. CHLOROPLAST NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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A. B. C. D. E.
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19. Cytoplasm
• A gel-like substance inside of a cell that
contains water, salt & other molecules
• Contains a cell’s cytoskeleton
• Found in all cell types

20. Cytoskeleton
• Network of threadlike proteins that are joined
together
• Provides a framework that gives a cell its
shape & helps it move
• Found in all cells

21. A JELLYLIKE MATERIAL THAT HOLDS THE
ORGANELLES IN PLACE IS CALLED THE:
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A. B. C. D. E.
A. CRYOGENICS
B. CYTOPLASM
C. CYTOSKELETON
D. ORGANELLE GEL
E. MICROPLASM
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22. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER: produces
proteins
• Smooth ER: makes
lipids & removes
harmful substances
from a cell
• Found in plant &
animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Ribosomes
• Each cell contains
thousands (no
membrane)
• Make proteins
• Found on Rough ER
& floating throughout
the cell
• Found in all cell
types
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Mitochondria
• Produces energy through
chemical reactions –
breaking down fats &
carbohydrates
• Stores energy in ATP
• Found in plant & animal
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Golgi Apparatus
• Prepares proteins for
specific jobs & packages
them into vesicles
• Protein “packaging”
center
• Found in plant & animal
cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Lysosome
• Contains enzymes
that break down &
recycle cell
components
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
• Found in plant &
animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

27. Which organelle produces
energy and stores it as ATP?
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A. B. C. D. E.
A. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
B. Golgi Apparatus
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus
E. Ribosome
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28. Vacuoles
• Store food, water, &
waste material
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
• Found in plant &
animal cells (one
large one in plant
cells)
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

29. WHICH ORGANELLE IS THE
POWERHOUSE OF THE ANIMAL
CELL?
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A. B. C. D. E.
A. VACUOLE
B. NUCLEUS
C. ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
D. MITOCHONDRIA
E. RIBOSOMES
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30. Chloroplast
• Contains green
chlorophyll
• Use light energy to
make food (sugar)
from water & CO2
through
photosynthesis
• Found in plant cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

31. Photosynthesis takes place
in the…
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A. B. C. D.
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Chloroplast
D. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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32. THE HEREDITARY INFORMATION,
DNA, IS FOUND IN WHICH PART?
A. PROTOPLASM
B. CYTOPLASM
C. VACUOLE
D. NUCLEUS
E. FLAGELLA NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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A. B. C. D. E.
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33. Frogs are green because
they have chloroplasts.
0 0
A. B.
A. True
B. False
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34. Which is NOT part of the cell
theory?
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A. B. C. D.
A. All cells come
from preexisting
cells
B. All cells contain a
nucleus
C. All living things
have cells
D. Cells are the
smallest unit of life
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35. Which 2 macromolecules store
energy?
A. Carbohydrates & Proteins
B. Lipids & Proteins
C. Nucleic Acids & Lipids
D. Lipids & Carbohydrates
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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A. B. C. D.
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36. Which of these refers to changes in an
organism’s environment?
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a) b) c) d)
a) External stimuli
b) Homeostasis
c) Internal stimuli
d) Development
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37. Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability
to maintain what kind of conditions?
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a) b) c) d)
a) External
b) Internal
c) Cellular
d) Environmental
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38. Which characteristic of life does this
example refer to:
aa ttaaddppoollee cchhaannggiinngg iinnttoo aa ffrroogg?
a) Growth & development
b) Organization
c) Reproduction
d) Homeostasis
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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a) b) c) d)
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39. Which characteristic of life does this
example refer to:
aa bbaacctteerriiuumm ddiivviiddiinngg iinnttoo 22 bbaacctteerriiaa?
a) Growth & development
b) Organization
c) Reproduction
d) Energy
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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a) b) c) d)
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40. Which characteristic of life does this
example refer to:
eeaattiinngg bbeeccaauussee yyoouu ffeeeell hhuunnggrryy?
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30
a) b) c) d)
a) Response to stimuli
b) Organization
c) Reproduction
d) Homeostasis
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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41. Which characteristic of life does this example
refer to:
yyoouurr bbooddyy tteemmppeerraattuurree ssttaayyiinngg tthhee ssaammee?
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a) b) c) d)
a) Energy
b) Response to stimuli
c) Reproduction
d) Homeostasis
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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42. Which characteristic of life does this
example refer to:
wwhhaatt yyoouu nneeeedd ffoorr ddooiinngg aallll aaccttiivviittiieess?
a) Growth & development
b) Energy
c) Reproduction
d) Homeostasis
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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a) b) c) d)
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43. Which characteristic of life does this
example refer to:
ggrroouuppss ooff cceellllss wwoorrkkiinngg ttooggeetthheerr?
a) Growth & development
b) Organization
c) Response to stimuli
d) Homeostasis
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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30
a) b) c) d)
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44. What term refers to things that have all
the characteristics of life?
a) cells
b) unicellular organisms
c) organisms
d) multicellular organisms
NNoonn--RReessppoonnssee
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a) b) c) d)
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