The document contains a series of questions and answers about biology topics like the age of fossils, mass extinctions, Darwin's observations of the Galapagos tortoises, genetic variation and natural selection. It reviews concepts like adaptations, mutations, selective breeding and how physical traits in species can change over generations through natural selection. Examples include the development of camouflage in moths and loss of tusks in elephants.

1. Time to apply what you’ve
learned!
Review of Ch. 6.1 & 6.2

2. How old is the fish?
A. Less than 440 million
years
B. 440 million years
C. Between 440 and 480
million years
D. Older than 480 million
years

3. How old is the fish?
A. Less than 440 million
years
B. 440 million years
C. Between 440 and 480
million years
D. Older than 480 million
years

4. How old is the
trilobite?
A. Less than 520 million
years
B. 530 million years
C. Between 440 and 480
million years
D. Between 520 and 545
million years

5. How old is the
trilobite?
A. Less than 520 million
years
B. 530 million years
C. Between 440 and 480
million years
D. Between 520 and 545
million years

6. Which refers to a chart that divides Earth’s
history into different time units?
A. Fossil record
B. Geologic time scale
C. Relative-age dating
D. Radiometric dating

7. Which refers to a chart that divides Earth’s
history into different time units?
A. Fossil record
B. Geologic time scale
C. Relative-age dating
D. Radiometric dating

8. Based on the chart, what is the most recent
mass extinction?
A. Late Ordovician
B. Late Devonian
C. Late Permian
D. Late Triassic
E. Late Cretaceous

9. Based on the chart, what is the most recent
mass extinction?
A. Late Ordovician
B. Late Devonian
C. Late Permian
D. Late Triassic
E. Late Cretaceous

10. Living things adapt to changes in their
environment.
A. True
B. False

11. Living things adapt to changes in their
environment.
A. True
B. False
Remember:
An adaptation is the result of a random
mutation, not a result of the environment.
It is a mutation (or variation) that increases an
organism’s chance of survival in a specific
environment.

12. After observing several different species on
different islands in the Galapagos, what did
Darwin conclude?
A. All of the tortoises are the same species.
B. The differences in the tortoises’ neck size was
caused by the island’s food.
C. All of the tortoises came from a common ancestor.
D. All of the tortoises are from different ancestor
species.

13. After observing several different species on
different islands in the Galapagos, what did
Darwin conclude?
A. All of the tortoises are the same species.
B. The differences in the tortoises’ neck size was
caused by the island’s food.
C. All of the tortoises came from a common ancestor.
D. All of the tortoises are from different ancestor
species.

14. Which is an inherited trait that increases an
organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing
in its environment?
A. Variation
B. Adaptation
C. Mutation
D. Natural selection

15. Which is an inherited trait that increases an
organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing
in its environment?
A. Variation
B. Adaptation
C. Mutation
D. Natural selection

16. At the park, Ben observes that the dogs are all
different sizes and colors. What characteristic is
Ben observing?
A. Camouflage
B. Adaptation
C. Natural selection
D. Variation

17. At the park, Ben observes that the dogs are all
different sizes and colors. What characteristic is
Ben observing?
A. Camouflage
B. Adaptation
C. Natural selection
D. Variation

18. What term refers to the breeding of organisms
for desired characteristics?
A. Selective breeding
B. Adaptation
C. Variation
D. Natural selection

19. What term refers to the breeding of organisms
for desired characteristics?
A. Selective breeding
B. Adaptation
C. Variation
D. Natural selection

20. Which refers to the process by which populations of
organisms with variations that help them survive in their
environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce
more than those that do not have the variations?
A. Adaptation
B. Natural selection
C. Evolution
D. Selective breeding

21. Which refers to the process by which populations of
organisms with variations that help them survive in their
environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce
more than those that do not have the variations?
A. Adaptation
B. Natural selection
C. Evolution
D. Selective breeding

22. There is evidence that pelicans have existed for 40 million years
and are well adapted to their environment.
For which function is the beak of this bird best suited?
A. to scoop up fish
B. to crack open seeds
C. to reach nectar in flowers
D. to dig through tree bark for
insects

23. There is evidence that pelicans have existed for 40 million years
and are well adapted to their environment.
For which function is the beak of this bird best suited?
A. to scoop up fish
B. to crack open seeds
C. to reach nectar in flowers
D. to dig through tree bark for
insects

24. Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds. As a result, birds avoid
eating the monarchs. Over time, the viceroy butterfly has adapted
to look very similar to monarch butterflies. Even though the
viceroys are non-toxic to birds, the birds avoid the viceroys
because they look so similar to the monarch.
Which statement best describes this adaptation of the viceroys?
A. This adaptation helps viceroys easily
find mates.
B. This adaptation helps viceroys survive
to reproduce.
C. This adaptation allows viceroys to look
like predators.
D. This adaptation allows viceroys to
behave like monarchs.

25. Monarch butterflies are toxic to birds. As a result, birds avoid
eating the monarchs. Over time, the viceroy butterfly has adapted
to look very similar to monarch butterflies. Even though the
viceroys are non-toxic to birds, the birds avoid the viceroys
because they look so similar to the monarch.
Which statement best describes this adaptation of the viceroys?
A. This adaptation helps viceroys easily
find mates.
B. This adaptation helps viceroys survive
to reproduce.
C. This adaptation allows viceroys to look
like predators.
D. This adaptation allows viceroys to
behave like monarchs.

26. Which trait most likely helps an animal
survive in a very cold environment?
A. long ears
B. large eyes
C. thick fur
D. sharp claws

27. Which trait most likely helps an animal
survive in a very cold environment?
A. long ears
B. large eyes
C. thick fur
D. sharp claws

28. Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah. It
has much longer tusks and is much larger than elephant species
presently inhabiting the area. This elephant fossil most likely
reveals
A. the diet of early elephants.
B. that elephants travel in herds.
C. the function of the trunk of the
elephant.
D. that physical changes occurred in
elephants over time.

29. Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savannah. It
has much longer tusks and is much larger than elephant species
presently inhabiting the area. This elephant fossil most likely
reveals
A. the diet of early elephants.
B. that elephants travel in herds.
C. the function of the trunk of the
elephant.
D. that physical changes occurred in
elephants over time.

30. The diagram shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a
species of bird over a period of 300 years.
Which best explains the change shown?
A. Short-beaked birds cannot find
food.
B. Long-beaked birds catch more
insects.
C. Birds with long beaks survived
better and reproduced more.
D. Mutations caused the birds to
find new food.

31. The diagram shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a
species of bird over a period of 300 years.
Which best explains the change shown?
A. Short-beaked birds cannot find
food.
B. Long-beaked birds catch more
insects.
C. Birds with long beaks survived
better and reproduced more.
D. Mutations caused the birds to
find new food.

32. Rounded, floating leaves with waxy covering and flexible stems
have made the organism shown suited to the environment in
which it lives.
Which process is most responsible for adapting this organism to its
environment?
A. genetic drift
B. climate change
C. natural selection
D. asexual reproduction

33. Rounded, floating leaves with waxy covering and flexible stems
have made the organism shown suited to the environment in
which it lives.
Which process is most responsible for adapting this organism to its
environment?
A. genetic drift
B. climate change
C. natural selection
D. asexual reproduction

34. In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks.
Over time, the number of tuskless elephants has increased while
the number of elephants with tusks has decreased.
What is the most likely explanation for the increase in the number
of tuskless elephants?
A. Fewer elephants with tusks survived to
reproduce.
B. The gene for tusks has become recessive
over time.
C. The hunting of elephants resulted in
genetic mutation of the tusk gene.
D. Elephants began to lose their tusks
because of climate changes.

35. In the past, African elephants have been hunted for their tusks.
Over time, the number of tuskless elephants has increased while
the number of elephants with tusks has decreased.
What is the most likely explanation for the increase in the number
of tuskless elephants?
A. Fewer elephants with tusks survived to
reproduce.
B. The gene for tusks has become recessive
over time.
C. The hunting of elephants resulted in
genetic mutation of the tusk gene.
D. Elephants began to lose their tusks
because of climate changes.

36. In the early 1800’s, light-colored moths could be found resting on light-
colored trees in England. At the beginning of the industrial revolution,
the trees began to turn dark because of black soot from factories. By
1898 most of the moths found in England were dark in color. Which most
likely enabled the dark-colored moths to survive and reproduce more
than the light-colored moths?
A. Dark-colored moths were covered by pollution and
were no longer threatened by predators.
B. Dark-colored moths were able to convert the soot
to a chemical that was toxic to the predators.
C. Dark-colored moths were faster than light-colored
moths and therefore able to escape predators.
D. Dark-colored moths were able to blend into the
dark background and were not easily detected by
predators.

37. In the early 1800’s, light-colored moths could be found resting on light-
colored trees in England. At the beginning of the industrial revolution,
the trees began to turn dark because of black soot from factories. By
1898 most of the moths found in England were dark in color. Which most
likely enabled the dark-colored moths to survive and reproduce more
than the light-colored moths?
A. Dark-colored moths were covered by pollution and
were no longer threatened by predators.
B. Dark-colored moths were able to convert the soot
to a chemical that was toxic to the predators.
C. Dark-colored moths were faster than light-colored
moths and therefore able to escape predators.
D. Dark-colored moths were able to blend into the
dark background and were not easily detected by
predators.