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Cells
- 1.
- 2. CELL THEORY 1. The basic unit of life is the cell. • In 1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke made an improved microscope and viewed thin slices of cork viewing plant cell walls • Hooke named what he saw "cells"
- 3. 2. All livingthings are made of 1 or more cells. • 1838 - Matthias Schleiden (botanist studying plants) was the first to take note that all plants are made up of cells • 1839 - Theodore Schwann (zoologist studying animals) concluded that all living things are made up of cells Schleiden Schwann
- 4. 3. All cellscome from pre-existing cells. 1855- Rudolph Virchow
- 5. THE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION Cell The basic unit of life Tissue Group of cells working together Organ Group of tissues working together Organ System Group of organs working together Organism Any living thing made of 1 or more cells
- 6. • A cellis the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
- 7.
- 8. CELL TRI VImA that run • The longest cell (about 1 long), along your legs to your brain. • The largest cell (about .2 mm) that can be seen with the naked eye. • The smallest cell in the body (about 0.01mm) • The smallest cell (about .001 micrometer)
- 9. CELL LIFE SPAN • Skin cells 19 days • Sperm cells 2 months • Eyelashes 3-4 months • Liver cells 4 months • Scalp hair 2-4 years • Bone cells 15-25 years • WBC hours- 9 days • RBC 120 Days
- 10. Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) • do not have a nucleus or other membrane- bound organelles. • lack most cytoplasmic organelles Ex. bacteria Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
- 11. Eukaryotic Cells (yewKAYR ee yah tihk) • cells with membrane- bound structures • Have many chromosomes with DNA and protein • Larger and more complex • EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists
- 12. CELL STRUCTURES andFunctions
- 13. 1- Nucleus 2- Chromosomes 7- ER 3- Mitochondria 5- Chloroplasts 8- Cell 4- Ribosomes 6- Vacuoles Membrane
- 14. CELL WALL • protectsthe cell • gives shape and support individual cells and the entire organism • is made of cellulose • A cell wall is found in plants (cellulose), algae, fungi(chitin), & most bacteria(peptidoglycan).
- 15. CELL MEMBRANE • Outercovering, protective layer around ALL cells • For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall • Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. • SEMI-PERMEABLE
- 17. The cell membraneis made of two phospholipid layers embedded with other molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol. The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a cell from the external environment. It is made of a double layer of phospholipids and a variety of embedded molecules. Some of these molecules act as signals; others act as receptors. The membrane is selectively permeable, allowing some but not all materials to cross
- 18. • gelatin-like insidecell membrane • constantly flows • A.k.a . protoplasm
- 19. CYTOSKELETON • scaffolding-like structurein cytoplasm • helps the cell maintain or change its shape • made of protein • It includes MICROTUBULES(green) and MICROFILAMENTS (red)
- 20. NUCLEUS • Directs all cell activities • Contains instructions for everything the cell does • These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA • Stores and protect the DNA • Usually the largest organelle
- 21. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • separatesnucleus from cytoplasm • controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus
- 22. NUCLEOLUS • A.k.a “little nucleus” • Found in the nucleus
- 23. CHROMATIN • contains geneticcode that controls cell • made of DNA & proteins
- 24. CHLOROPLAST • Green organellesthat make food • found only in plant cells • Convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis
- 25. CHLOROPHYLL • A greenpigment that gives leaves & stems their color • Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose • Glucose is a type of sugar
- 26. MITOCHONDRIA • Organelles thatrelease energy from food • This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide • A.K.A . the powerhouse because they release energy for the cell • Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria
- 27. RIBOSOMES • Make proteins • Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus
- 28. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A seriesof folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell • like a conveyor belt
- 29. • Smooth ER– ribosomes not attached to ER for production of lipids • Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER for production of proteins
- 30. GOLGI BODIES (GAWLjee) The structure was named by Camillo Golgi • Stacked flattened membranes • The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins.
- 31. VACUOLES • Temporary storage spaces • Store food, water, waste materials
- 32. LYSOSOMES (LI suhsohmz) • The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body." • The SUICIDAL BAG of the cell • The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. • Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts
- 33. VESICLES • Vesicles isolateand transport specific molecules
- 34. CENTRIOLE • Centrioles divideDNA during cell division.
- 35. The Plant Cell STruCTurES found onLy in pLanTS • chloroplast • central vacuole • cell wall
- 36. The Animal Cell Structures found only in animals • centriole • lysosome
- 37. Structures found inboth Plants and Animals • cytoskeleton • vesicle • nucleus • nucleolus • endoplasmic reticulum (rough) • ribosome • centrosome • endoplasmic reticulum (smooth) • cell membrane • Golgi apparatus • mitochondrion • vacuole
- 38.
- 39. F E G H
- 40.
- 41. Give the functionof the following structures 1 2
- 42. 4 3 5
- 43. Identify what’s wrongwith these cells
- 44.
- 45. Match the numberedparts of the CELL FACTORY with the corresponding organelles of the cell that closely resembles their function. 3 4 1 5 6 2 1- Nucleus 8 2- Chromosomes 7 7- ER 3- Mitochondria 5- Chloroplasts 8- Cell 4- Ribosomes 6- Vacuoles Membrane