The document summarizes a case study of using MMA crack sealer on the Wakota Bridge in 2006. Hairline cracks were discovered on the bridge deck. MMA crack sealer was tested against low-viscosity epoxy to seal the small cracks as epoxy was difficult and costly to apply. MMA crack sealer penetrated cracks down to 1 mil wide and filled cracks up to 6 inches deep. It was easily applied to the 180,000 square foot bridge deck in 5 days, sealing cracks and allowing the bridge to reopen to traffic quickly.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
Pile foundation is important for construction of foundation where bearing capacity of soil is poor. Pile foundation is use for distribution of uneven load of superstructure.There are so many type of pile are use for construction. Here i present some of pile with suitable condition for construction and methods for construction.
Thank you.
General presentation of under-reamed piles. Mainly for diploma engineers, it is really helpful as its objective, dimensions, usage, etc are shown with proper images. It will really helpful for the basic knowledge of under-reamed piles.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
vacuum dewatering system
vacuum dewatering pump
vacuum dewatering box
wellpoint pump systems
dewatering pump system
dewatering pump
dewatering wellpoint
small wellpoint dewatering systems
interesting civil engineering topics
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civil seminar topics ppt
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The Stinky Bridge, A Commons (Case Study & Call To Action) 2014 06-29 v1 lightJustine Camacho-Tajonera
This is part assignment (for the online course called How To Change The World offered for free by Wesleyan University via Coursera.org) and part call-to-action for the rehabilitation of a creek located between Escriva Drive and Gold Loop, Ortigas Center, Pasig City.
Please contact the author of this slide show for any leads on how to clean up the polluted creek.
General presentation of under-reamed piles. Mainly for diploma engineers, it is really helpful as its objective, dimensions, usage, etc are shown with proper images. It will really helpful for the basic knowledge of under-reamed piles.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
This presentation gives a brief introduction on FRC's history, definition and why is it used. Types of FRC's and it's applications is explained in detail in later stages.Also, it covers various properties that affects FRC and a Case study in end.
The vacuum dewatering process basically improves strength, durability, and other properties of concrete by reducing the water-cement ratio immediately after the mix is placed, usually in floors and other flatwork. A Bridgeport, Connecticut vacuum dewatering demonstration, although it involved no new ...
vacuum dewatering system
vacuum dewatering pump
vacuum dewatering box
wellpoint pump systems
dewatering pump system
dewatering pump
dewatering wellpoint
small wellpoint dewatering systems
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
The Stinky Bridge, A Commons (Case Study & Call To Action) 2014 06-29 v1 lightJustine Camacho-Tajonera
This is part assignment (for the online course called How To Change The World offered for free by Wesleyan University via Coursera.org) and part call-to-action for the rehabilitation of a creek located between Escriva Drive and Gold Loop, Ortigas Center, Pasig City.
Please contact the author of this slide show for any leads on how to clean up the polluted creek.
This is my information how the bridge are developed by the engineer's .Now a day many things are developing by Hus.So i proved to be an civil engineer.I'm doing my engineer.
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Presentation on using industrial waste water in making of plain concrete @ in...Raghavendra Rachamadugu
Improving ‘waste reduction’ and ‘recycling techniques’ is currently being advocated worldwide. For transforming our words into action, finding a remedy became imperative. Our intentions drifted our attention towards efficiency of water treatment, dissipation of wealth for partially recovering its potability and conserving the precious water resource for sustainable development. With the world advancing in concrete technology and growing scarcity of usable water, we are compelled to start with replacing the use of potable water in construction by ‘industrial waste water’. The feasibility of using industrial effluents as mixing water and the effect of its constituents on cement mortar properties were experimentally evaluated. Cement mortar specimens were cast using crude waste water and deionised water for comparison. This paper examines the effect of industrial waste water (from electroplating industry) on cement mortar properties like setting time, density and compressive strength. Using fairly conservative assumptions regarding the life of concrete prepared using water tainted with metallic ions, the rate of chemical deterioration and with a greater emphasis on cost effectiveness, it can be shown that this breakthrough most likely achieves overall positive social benefits.
Small World Labs and UN Foundation Present a Girl Up Case StudySmall World Labs
Girl Up is a campaign devoted to empowering American girls to become global leaders and channel their energy and compassion to raise awareness and funds for United Nations programs that help some of the world’s hardest-to-reach adolescent girls.
The Girl Up program had strong tools for mobilizing young girls through email and fundraising. However, for broader collaboration, information sharing, and engagement building, the program relied on in-person only activities, which were expensive and hard to scale. Girl Up needed an online solution to help it engage and collaborate more effectively with its supporters online.
Learn how the United Nations Foundation implemented an online community to power its Girl Up Clubs initiative, which allowed local high school clubs run by female youth to collaborate on education, advocacy, fundraising, and mission-related activities.
In this session you’ll learn:
* How Girl Up Clubs also integrates with the Girl Up program’s existing website CMS, as well as its constituent relationship management (CRM) platform.
* How in less than one year the Girl Up Clubs online program has onboarded more than 200 new high school clubs and averages more than 3,000 member interactions per month.
* How the Girl Up Clubs initiative has effected fundraising for the UN Foundation.
special concrete and high performance concreteErankajKumar
GROUTING OF CONCRETE, advantage ofGrouting,Characteristics of Grouting, GUNTING OF
CONCRETE, Application of Guniting, Properties of Guniting, advantage and disadvantage of Guniting, UNDERWATER CONCRETING, Properties of underwater concrete, METHODS OF UNDERWATER CONCRETE, advantage and disadvantage of underwater concrete, HOT WEATHERING CONCRETE, precautions, COLD WEATHER CONCRETING, PUMPABLE CONCRETE, Requirements of Mix Design for Pumpable Concrete, Ready Mixed Concrete RMC, Types of Ready Mixed Concrete, advantage and disadvantage of ready mixed concrete, introduction in High performance concrete HPC, selection of materials, behaviour of fresh high performance concrete HPC , behaviour of Hardened High performance concrete HPC when to use High performance concrete HPC , application of HPC , Advantage of HPC , Limitations of HPC
Self curing concrete is , defines self-curing concrete as “the process by which small inclusions dispersed within the concrete hold the water during mixing and up to the setting time and release it during cement hydration.”
Treatments to Improve Concrete Performance - AIAW. R. Meadows
The intent of this presentation from W. R. MEADOWS is to provide the most current information available to explain the basics of cement hydration, and to introduce the various types of floor treatments and curing compounds available. The goal of this presentation is to help the specifying agency and end-user identify the correct material for the project. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. The course earns one AIA credit.
GREEN BUILDING STRATEGIES & PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FU...Raghavendra Rachamadugu
Buildings and homes (or the “built environment”) affects natural environment. Buildings, where people spend 90% of their time, adversely impact human health. Buildings also account for 40% of energy and 16% of the water used annually worldwide. Air quality inside buildings is 2 to 5 times worse than outside
There are many factors to consider while studying the impacts of buildings
• Land use and ecosystems where buildings are built
• Materials and practices used to construct buildings
• Material, chemical, energy and water resources used to maintain and operate buildings
• Demolition and waste of a building at the end of its life
Green Building involves minimizing these negative environmental and human health impacts and enhancing positive results throughout the building’s entire life cycle. In addition to environmental benefits, through integrated design, they can be constructed at the same or lower cost than conventional buildings.
Today, buildings are responsible for more than 40% of global energy used, and as much as one third of global greenhouse gas emissions, both in developed and developing countries. In absolute terms, it is estimated that building-related GHG emissions to be around 8.6 billion metric tons CO2 eqv in 2004. What is particularly worrying is the rate of growth of emissions: between 1971 and 2004, carbon dioxide emissions, including through the use of electricity in buildings is estimated to have grown at a rate of 2.5% per year for commercial buildings and at 1.7% per year for residential buildings. Furthermore, the Buildings and Construction Sector is also responsible for significant non-CO2 GHG emissions such as halocarbons, CFCs, and HCFCs (covered under the Montreal Protocol), and hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), due to their applications for cooling, refrigeration, and in the case of halocarbons, insulation materials. According to a survey published in 2007, one-third of population believe that global warming is the world’s most critical environmental problem, nearly double the amount of people who agreed with the same statement in 2006 Faiola and Shulman 2007.
The Hyderabad Metropolitan Area spreads over 1905 Sq.Kms. This area is greater than that of other metropolitan cities like Delhi, Calcutta, Bangalore and Chennai. HUDA is a nodal agency for promoting planned development of the city which makes it automatically the nodal agency for studying and implementing transport related projects within the urban agglomeration.
Earthquake: the word itself feels disastrous. Though the earthquake has no direct effect on human being, but still it causes a plenty of life and property loss. The reason is earthquake tends to fail the various structures such as buildings, houses, bridges, roads etc. and this failure causes all losses. The following pictures shows some of the failure of structures due to earthquake. But please hold for a minute, in case of the following failed structures, it was possible to prevent the failure…… Because these structures are not failed only due to earthquake but because of failure of soil strata bellow the structure due to the earthquake. And if the soil was improved before construction the failure could be avoided.
This phenomenon of failure of soil strata during earthquake is called as the “Soil Liquefaction”. Liquefaction is responsible for extreme property damage & loss of life due to several variations in failure potential. Still the liquefaction is not given that much importance. In India during Bhuj Earthquake lots of structures are collapsed due to liquefaction itself. And there are many liquefaction prone areas are present in zone IV in India. That’s why liquefaction is very much important.
In this paper, the study of liquefaction is done with respect to its introduction, properties of soil in which the liquefaction may occurs, how exactly the liquefaction takes place, detailed Geotechnical Study of liquefaction which includes how to decide the liquefaction prone area, evaluation of liquefaction potential and the various old and recent remedial measures to avoid the liquefaction, along with software and Artificial Neural Network. So that one can become safe against Liquefaction.
One of the major adventures of civilization is construction .With the passing times in growth of population, today construction activity is at its peak .Even with the advancement of technology the quality of construction largely depends upon the ingredients used to construct any building. One such ingredient is sand, which is one of the most essential components to give shape to the dreams of the people. Natural sand has been the main source of fine aggregates, since man began to use concrete and masonry. The fact remains undisputed that the river sand that has been produced by rivers in natural processes has not increased for ages. Down the years, these river sand deposits have been exploited to the fullest extent. This indiscriminate exploitation causing almost an irreversible damage to the river system are leading to ecological damage, ground water depletion, water scarcity and fall in farm production. Above all, illegal quarrying and use of filter sand is nothing but playing with human lives. Most of the state governments of India are imposing environmental ban on the dredging operations and all sand quarrying operations in most of the areas. This leads to the development of another latest technology, alternative to the river sand –ROBOSAND
Presentation on rating & strengthening of bridges @ jntu hyd by raghavendraRaghavendra Rachamadugu
Rating is evaluation of safe load carrying capacity of existing bridges. There are different systems for rating in the world. In India mainly analytical, load testing and correlation methods are followed. Rating has reduced economic burden on authorities for some time. Rating has provided people with direction for follow up actions such as repairs, strengthening rehabilitation. It is becoming preferable, both environmentally and economically to upgrade bridges rather than to demolish and rebuild them. Deterioration of bridges wear from environmental influences and from traffic loads require rehabilitation and renewal programs to maintain even current service levels on the bridge infrastructure network. Demands for high durability, longer service life, reduced maintenance cost and cost/performance optimized. This paper deals with the rating of bridges and different methods of strengthening with its world wide applications.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
CASE STUDY OF WAKOTA BRIDGE
1. CASE STUDY OF WAKOTA BRIDGE
PRESENTATION
BY
R.RAGHAVENDRA
I/II M.Tech, CTM
2. Wakota Bridge
Owner: Minnesota Department of Transportation
Contractor: Lunda Construction Company
Project size: 180,000 square feet
Year: 2006
3. Summary
Problem:
◦ Hairline cracks that lead to the deterioration of concrete decks
Solution:
◦ Overview of Available Technologies
MMA Technology:
◦
◦
◦
◦
Gravity-Fed Sealer with Ultra-Low Viscosity
How it Works
Lab Test Results
Advantages
4. Steel Reinforced Concrete Bridge
Deck Deterioration
•
Deck deterioration frequently stems from
the presence of cracks on the bridge
deck.
•
Cracks are way to entry for water and
chlorides.
•
Water causes damage by freeze-thaw,
which induces superficial concrete spalls.
•
Chlorides causes steel bar corrosion,
which is responsible for deep concrete
spalls and loss of steel section, which can
affect the structural integrity of the bridge
5. Crack Treatments to Prevent
Water
Repellents
◦ Flooding of the surface
Low Viscosity
Epoxy
◦ Gravity fed
Sealing individual cracks
Flooding the surface
◦ Pressure injection
Methacrylate
◦ Flooding on the surface
6. Water Repellents:
Make Concrete Surface Hydrophobic
Lower surface
energy
Reduced
capillary action
Increase contact
angle
Silane water repellents:
Lower the surface energy, increase contact angle, repel
water, promote beading and reduce capillary action in pores. They
prevent entry of water into concrete surface including cracks.
7. Epoxy: Fields of Application
Gravity
◦
◦
Feed
V-notch and Fill
Ultra Low Viscosity
Pressure
◦
◦
Injection
Cracks 0.002 to 0.25 in.
(2 to 250 mils) in Width
Ultra Low Viscosity or Gel
8. Methacrylate (MMA):
Uniquely Seals Capillary Cracks
MMA penetrates cracks by gravity down to 0.001 in. (1
mil). Application can be conducted quickly and safely while the
bridge remains open to traffic.
9. Summary : Silane, Epoxy and
Methacrylate
Silane Water Repellent
Epoxy
Methacrylate
Fine Crack
< 5 mils
Penetrates, makes
concrete hydrophobic
Pressure injection: Fills and
seals
penetrates & fills
Larger Cracks
5 - 40 mils
not applicable
Gravity fed: Seals and
generally fills
deep penetration,
completely fills crack
Set time
Open to traffic when dry 2 to 4 hours
20 min working, 10+ hours
for true set
15 minutes, open to traffic
in 1 hour
Daily production
100,000 sq.ft (spray bar)
Slow, both gravity fed and
pressure injection
30,000 sf depending +/-
Effective crack
filler
not a crack filler
Depending on the
application
all cracks
Effective water
repellant
yes
yes surface protection, until
worn off for flood
applications
Yes but relies on filling the
crack to keep water out
Cost/ Sq.ft. est.
Very fast, low labor cost
can be applied with basic
training.
Lowest material cost,
highest labor and time cost,
esp. pressure injection.
Highest material, very fast,
low labor cost.
10. Common Uses of Methacrylate
Technology
Industrial/Commercial Floors
Coatings/Protective Sealers
Dental Bonding Materials
Artificial Joint Replacements
Contact Lenses
Acrylic Auto/Boat Parts
Helicopter Blades
12. MMA Powder Hardner:
Surface Preparation
◦ Concrete should be clean, free of contaminants, dry, and fully cured.
◦ Inspect the underside of the deck for signs of leakage due to full depth crack
◦ Expose aggregate and remove loose materials using a dust-free mobile shot blaster.
Mixing
◦ Add Powder Hardener to Resin and mix until dissolved (approx. 1 minute).
Application
◦ MMA Resin is applied as a flood coat in a gravity-fed process by broom or nap solvent
grade roller (1/2 “ to 3/4 “).
◦ Mixed batch should be immediately poured into the substrate and worked into cracks.
Working time is 10 - 15 minutes once the batch has been applied to the substrate.
Pre-Treat Wide Cracks
◦ Cracks over 1/8 “ should be treated individually prior to deck application. Fill with dry
30 mesh silica sand. Pour the resin into the cracks and distribute with a paint brush.
13. MMA Crack Sealer:
Same Application, Core Comparison
MMA Crack Sealer cores
Epoxy resin cores:
Lesser penetration and adhesion
14. MMA Crack Sealer :
Full Depth (6”) from 0.005 to 0.04”Opening
0.04 in./ 40 mils
0.01 in./ 10 mils
0.02 in./ 20 mils
0.005 in./ 5 mils
15. Wakota Bridge: Cracks
Close to bridge opening, transverse
cracks were discovered in the concrete
overlay.
The majority of the cracks were hairline
cracks, barely detectable except after rain
events.
Low viscosity epoxy was tested in parallel
with MMA.
The small size of the cracks (down to 1
mil) made it difficult, costly, and time
consuming to attempt to fill cracks by low
viscosity epoxy. Furthermore the result
was not reliable.
16. Wakota Bridge: Mixing
MMA Crack Sealer was supplied in the
project in 49 gallons drums.
The drums were laid on dollies and
fitted with valves for easy mixing and
ease of movement on the deck.
The material was mixed in five gallon
batches using a BPO Hardener in
amounts appropriate for the daily
temperatures.
17. Wakota Bridge: Application
White pigmented curing compound was removed by sandblasting.
Sandblasting removes contaminants that might inhibit penetration while also
exposing additional cracks that were not previously visible.
MMA Crack Sealer was poured out on concrete and workers moved the
material along the deck using solvent resistant rollers on extension polls. The
material was applied at a rate of approximately 100 square feet per gallon.
18. Wakota Bridge: Sacrificial Layer
The very low viscosity of MMA Crack
Sealer (5-15 cps) allowed the material
to penetrate even the smallest cracks
while not altering the surface profile.
Cores shows crack penetration of a
minimum of one-inch up to full depth.
Silica sand was broadcast into wet
MMA Crack Sealer to provide slip
resistance. This sacrificial layer will wear
off over time with abrasion.
The 180,000 square feet bridge deck
surface application took approximately
five days (not including surface
preparation time)
19. MMA Crack Sealer: Benefits
Easiness of application
◦ Limited equipment use and cost. No
blending
◦ Chart for using the Powder Hardener
– No guess
High productivity
◦ With 6 people crew (1 mixing, 1
dumping, 1 spreading, 3 applying):
up to 50,000 sq.ft/day
average 30,000 sq.ft/day
Efficiency
◦ Rapidly re-open to traffic
Safety
◦ Shorter lane closures
Extend working season
◦ Low temperature application