Treatments to Improve Concrete Performance - AIA
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The intent of this presentation from W. R. MEADOWS is to provide the most current information available to explain the basics of cement hydration, and to introduce the various types of floor treatments and curing compounds available. The goal of this presentation is to help the specifying agency and end-user identify the correct material for the project. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. The course earns one AIA credit.
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Treatments to Improve Concrete Performance - AIA
- 1. Treatments toTreatments to improve theimprove the performance ofperformance of ConcreteConcrete
- 2. Lets start with the basics of concrete:
- 3. 3 Just exactly what is CONCRETE? You Dummy, It wouldn’t hurt! Cement is a powder … I was running and fell on the Cement ….
- 4. 4 Definitions •Cement = Powder •Cement + Water = Paste •Paste + Sand = Mortar •Mortar + Stone = Concrete A chemical reaction takes places when the water is mixed with the cement
- 5. 5 The chemical reaction starts a crystal- type growth in the cement.
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 This is the critical point… If the cement does not get enough water, the reaction stops and the concrete will not reach its designed strength 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Strength Designed Strength Strength w/o moisture Rapid moisture loss
- 8. 8 The moisture must be available to the cement for 21 days.
- 9. 9
- 10. Thermal cracking Hair checking Shrinkage cracks In addition to strength loss, there may be:
- 11. 11 Laymen's terms please….. “CURE” THE CONCRETE
- 12. 12 Effect of CuringEffect of Curing 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 100 200 300 400 Age, Days %of28dayvalue Moist Cure Not Cured
- 13. 13 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OKOK OK OK I get it…. I need to cure the concrete. How do I do it?
- 14. CURING METHODS • BURLAP, COTTON MATS, RUGS, OR OTHER MOISTURE-RETAINING FABRICS • PLASTIC SHEETS
- 17. 17 Water cure can lead to:
- 18. The most economical method of curing a slab is with a curing compound
- 19. 19 The trick is to select and specify the appropriate compound for the project
- 20. TYPES OF PRODUCTS MEMBRANE CURING COMPOUNDS CURING & SEALING COMPOUNDS
- 21. TYPES OF PRODUCTS CONCRETE SEALERS & EXPOSED AGGREGATE SEALER CONCRETE DENSIFIERS & CHEMICAL HARDENERS
- 22. 22 WOW – What does it all mean?
- 23. ASTM C 1315 ASTM C 309 AASHTO M 148 FAA P-610 F.S. TT-C-800 Is there a specification?
- 24. ASTM C 309 TYPE 1 (NON- Pigmented) TYPE 2 (White Pigmented) CLASS A OR CLASS B Application rate 200 SF/GAL Film dries in 4 Hours or less WATER RETENTION - 0.55 KG/M² (Type 2) MIN. 60% REFLECTANCE VOC Content less than 350 GPL
- 25. Federal Specification TT-C-800 Specification has been replaced with the newer ASTM 1315 specification
- 26. ASTM C- 1315 TYPE 1 or TYPE 2 Different classes… Not by solids type CLASS A - NON YELLOWING CLASS B - MODERATE YELLOWING CLASS C - SEVERE DARKENING
- 27. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MIN. 25% SOLIDS REFLECTANCE 65% MIN (versus 60% with c 309) NOT MORE THAN 0.40 Kg/m² in72 HRS (versus .55 with C 309) Dry time is less than 4 hours PULL-OFF STRENGTH 145 psi VOC Content 700 GPL or less
- 28. 28 FOUR Different Kinds of Concrete BookCrete - Architect LabCrete - Chemist RealCrete – Ready Mix Driver LegalCrete – Costs Money
- 29. 29 Lets look at it as steps Sodium Silicates Cures & Sealers Dissipating Membrane DENSIFIER Sealers ASTM C 309 ASTM C 1315 ASTM ?
- 30. 30 Which steps do I take? What Kind of floor do you require on your project?
- 31. 31 Radical Concept Challenge is to specify the right product for the project. Not specify “C-309”
- 36. 36 “I just have to meet a specification”
- 38. 38 Dissipating Cures Curb & Gutter Sidewalks Driveways General areas DOT applications
- 39. 39 Pigmented CuringPigmented Curing CompoundsCompounds Highways Runways Municipal Streets Median Barriers Check with your local Rep for the products used in your State
- 44. SPECIFICATIONS: ASTM C 309 Type1, ClassB ASTM C 1315, Type1, Class A •CLASS A - NON YELLOWING
- 45. WILL NOT YELLOW FROM SUNLIGHT
- 49. DO NOT Seal overany Stains. They will be magnified
- 50. 50 CAUTIONCAUTION Blushing can occur Avoid application in direct sunlight Watch DEW POINT @ 60% Relative Humidity
- 52. 52 White Pigmented Cure & Seal Poly Alpha Methyl Styrene (PAMS for short) Normally used on Bridge Decks @ DOT level
- 53. ExposedExposed Aggregate sealerAggregate sealer Pay attention to the ClassPay attention to the Class
- 55. 55 The top Step Sodium Silicates Cures & Sealers Dissipating Membrane DENSIFIER
- 56. 56 “I want the best floor available”
- 58. PENETRATING PRODUCES A FLOOR WHICH IS “SELF-POLISHING” SUPERIOR ABRASION RESISTANCE TOUGHER THAN SURFACE SEALERS (Not a film on the surface of the concrete)
- 59. INDUSTRIAL PLANTS PARKING STRUCTURES WAREHOUSES AIRPORTS SEWAGE & WATER TREATMENT PLANTS CHEMICAL & FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS REFINERIES & ARENAS DESIGNED FOR USE IN
- 60. MAY BE USED ON NEW OR EXISTING CONCRETE May be applied to new concrete after the final troweling OLD CONCRETE FREE OF OIL &CONTAMINANTS
- 61. Application Guide Apply using commercial spray equipment Scrub it into surface utilizing broom/mechanical scrubber Keep surface wet for minimum of 30 minutes (forms a gel) Sprinkle with water prior to final buffing
- 62. Application Guide Remove all excess water & hardener & flush surface after completion of application
- 63. Features & Benefits (review) Chemically reacts with the concrete to harden surface Increases abrasion resistance Improves chemical resistance Reduces permeability Provides an integral seal within the pore structure
- 64. Features & Benefits Improves resistance to staining and marking The heavier the use of the floor, the harder the surface gets Produces dust free surface Environmentally friendly
- 65. Target Areas Warehouse stores Heavy traffic areas Arenas & Convention Centers Warehouse Facilities Food Processing Plants
- 66. 66 Application is a KEY consideration…. This is not a spray and forget material
- 67. Applying – Garden type sprayer
- 69. Keep surface wet
- 70. Remove Excess
- 72. Evaporation Reducer Other Category treatments that aid the performance
- 73. Features/Benefits Reduces surface moisture evaporation Eliminates or reduces crusting, stickiness and underlying sponginess Reduces and, in many instances eliminates plastic-shrinkage cracking and wind crusting Allows lower slump and lower unit water content in concrete used for flatwork
- 74. Features & Benefits Increases the amount of surface handled per finisher Encourages the use of air-entrained concrete, required for durability and workability Timing of various finishing operations is less critical, thus reducing overall cost Finishing aid for use with polymer concrete or silica fume products
- 75. Application Apply with pressure sprayer Agitate material in original container and delute one part to nine parts water Spray surface lightly and uniformly immediately after screeding fresh concrete Proceed with bull floating----repeat spraying procedure whenever concrete begins to prematurely set Forms a monomolecular film
- 76. Limitations Not a curing compound Reduces evaporation only while concrete is in its plastic state Don’t apply during any finishing operation nor should it be worked into the concrete surface Protect from freezing
- 78. 78 Bituminous Coatings and Mastics Concrete Curing Compounds Concrete Curing and Sealing Compounds FormRelease Compounds Primers and Undercoaters Waterproofing Sealers and Treatments
- 80. 80 “The great things a man does appear to be great only after they are done. When they’re at hand, they are normal decisions and are done without knowledge of their greatness” George S. Patton, Jr., General, USA
Editor's Notes
- The intent of this presentation is to explain the basics of cement hydration, introduce the various floor treatments and curing compounds available. The intention of this presentation is to help the specifying agency and end user identify the correct material for the project.
- Start with the basics
- What is difference between cement and concrete
- Clean definition
- Let this slide finish its little movement. It is intended to simulate the growth of crystals when water is mixed with the cement particle
- This is a magnified picture of the actual crystals that emerge from the cement
- Emphasize the fact that if the cement does not have enough water to finish the hydration cycle the strength of the concrete suffers
- The crystal growth continues for 21 days
- This is a magnified picture of the completed hydration cycle. The crystals have completed their growth cycle and grabbed onto the aggregate, etc.
- Problems that can be created if the concrete is not cured.
- Stress the importance of curing the concrete
- There are a few common methods for curing concrete.
- Ineffectiveness of curing concrete with plastic sheeting. When burlap or fabrics dry they can actually work against you by wicking the water out of the concrete.
- Water cure is becoming more popular from the Specifiers because of the problems associated with floor treatments. But there are problems associated with this method of curing.
- Quoting from the September, 2002 issue of Concrete Construction magazine, “Wet-Curing” methods can allow water to seep through the control joints, saturating the sub-grade and keeping the bottom of the slab wet. Slab curl is a growing problem. Picture weight on one end of this slab. What do you think will happen? Secondarily, the last thing the flooring manufacturer wants to see on the concrete is the addition of water to the site. The water that has been introduced to the site has gone under the slab. Once the building is on the slab and the interior is controlled (heated or cooled) that moisture will begin to move through the concrete in the form of vapor.
- The most economical is liquid applied compounds. This is also the most common from a specification to field application.
- This section of the presentation will discuss four different categories or types of curing compounds. Membrane Forming Curing and Sealing
- 3) Exposed Aggregate 4) Densifier and hardeners
- There are so many different types, it gets confusing
- The main specifications. A general overview of the most common specifications and how they translate into the material the contractor is going to buy at his dealer and apply to the concrete surface.
- This is the most common spec for curing compounds
- TT-C-800 has been discontinued
- 1315 has become the dominate spec
- General requirements
- The intent of this slide is to inject a little levity yet demonstrate on important selecting the right product is. Book-Crete is the concrete that an architect designs. It’s easy, he simply writes down what strength he wants, where he wants it and how he wants it to look. Lab-Crete is the concrete produced in the lab. It develops exactly the correct amount of strength. Average cost is about $35,000 per yard. Real-Crete is the material that arrives in the ready mix truck. It has been sitting in the traffic, in the hot sun and it is what you are going to use on this project Legal-Crete is the concrete that costs everyone money.
- This is a step process. The higher you climb the stairs, the more expensive the material gets. There is also a correlation in longevity and performance.
- Ties into the mailing piece on construction liquids and answers the question of the previous slide, that choosing the correct curing compound can help avoid unneeded expense. The intent is to direct the architect and building owner to the right material for the project.
- This slide to be taken out for the architectural version.
- What type of floor or concrete surface are we going to cure? Is it a residential floor slab, driveway or sidewalk? Some of the concepts we about to show may challenge what we all have been trained to do. Once upon a time it was perfectly legitimate to specify the ASTM C 309 cure on everything everywhere. This is not the case today.
- Consider a sodium silicate. Tile and carpet may be applied over it without fear of adhesion problems.
- The concrete that is left over is hard, dense and will not dust.
- These materials are considered concrete Densifier and hardeners
- “I just have to meet a specification”. If it must meet a specification, chances are it is for a dissipating membrane.
- The next step
- Standard cures have many uses. Some of the typical areas are:
- White pigmented cures should only be used on these types of surfaces. Anywhere else may contaminate the surface.
- The third step
- Benefits to using a curing and sealing compound is they don’t allow common oils, etc through and stain. Stress the “spill and wipe” aspect.
- Cure & Sealed floors usually have a gloss or mat look to them
- If the film is applied in direct sunlight, it lifts slightly creating a miniscule void for water to collect. The moisture deposited here leaves the film white.
- Lin Seed Oils
- PAMS resin. Poly Alpha Methyl Styrene
- An opportunity to sell up.
- A few of the silicates include: Sodium Silicates Potassium Silicates And Lithium Silicates
- When applied immediately after the finishing operation. It stabilizes the surface, and minimizes crazing. It also ensures that the concrete will meet or exceed its design strength. Significantly Reduces Tire Marks: Tire marks from forklifts are a major problem on many warehouses floors, especially those treated with acrylic and other coatings. When the concrete itself is integrally sealed, hardened and densified, tire marks are dramatically decreased if not totally eliminated. If superficial tire marks do occur, they can be quickly and easily removed. Combines with the concrete salts, locking them permanently within the concrete. Since these salts are the normal cause of concrete dust, the surface remains dust-free.
- Application is the primary difference in these types of products. There are several steps involved with the application of the high solids silicates.
- The more polishing that is done the “shinier” the surface gets
- The “other” category
- What is achieved from using these products? Keeps the paste from setting up too quickly Eliminates the stickiness on the trowel Reduces shrinkage cracks from wind damage May keep finishers from adding water to the mix on site
- Illegal products. Specifying agency will bear part of the responsibility.
- These are the areas effected by these laws. Be aware there is still illegal manufactured products being used. It would be a tragedy for your project, created on a green platform or not, to wind up with the Federal EPA involved.
- Can the High Solids sodium silicates be applied to colored concrete?A. Yes. If the concrete is integrally colored, i.e. the pigment is added at the batch plant, then the concrete should be fully cured before they are applied. If the concrete is stained with mineral salts, it should still not be applied until the concrete has cured for 1 month.Note: mineral stains are normally applied at 21 days after concrete placement, so they may be applied just over a week after the stain.
- <number> George S. Patton Jr. General USA Army. Click -“The great things a man does appear to be great only after they are done. When they’re at hand, they are normal decisions and are done without knowledge of their greatness” The unsung heroes of the jobsite is they who have cured the concrete properly! “Dare to be great. Make greatness a matter of your routine. W. R. Meadows will become an even greater company because of YOU. Thanks