The document summarizes a case study about bridges. It discusses a bridge accident that occurred on a particular date, resulted in a number of casualties, and notes the bridge's inspection record and safety rating. It introduces concepts around bridge safety, such as that a deficient bridge may not be unsafe to use. It raises questions about the state of U.S. bridges and defines terms like functionally obsolete and structurally deficient. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of engineers in informing the public about bridge safety issues and lobbying for funding to repair bridges.

1. Case Study Bridges

2. Factual
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1st paragraph- Date of the accident
1st paragraph- Number of casualties
1st paragraph- Inspection record
1st paragraph- Safety rating of bridge

3. Conceptual
• 2nd paragraph- “The fact that a bridge is
‘deficient’ does not imply that it is likely to
collapse or that it is unsafe”
• 3rd paragraph- “Although the case of the I-35W
collapse is still under investigation, the incident
raises important questions about the state of U.S.
bridges.” This statement introduces the concept
of what is safe for bridges.
• 3rd paragraph- The concept of functionally
obsolete bridges and structurally deficient
bridges

4. Moral
• 4th paragraph – “In order for Americas to answer
this charge, they must be aware of the problem.”
• 4th paragraph- “What role should engineers and
engineering societies play in informing the public
about the state of U.S. bridges?”
• 4th paragraph- “Should engineers lobby for
congressional support and appropriate amounts
of federal spending to be allocated to bridge
repairs and resurrection?”

5. Application
• The whole excerpt introduces the concept of
safety, but applied to U.S. bridges.
• 3rd paragraph- Applying the concept of being
“functionally obsolete” or “structurally
deficient” to U.S. bridges.