THE PROJECT DESCRIBES THE DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING USING STAAD PRO(COLUMNS&BEAMS) & MANUAL(SLABS,FOOTINGS&STAIRCASE).THE PROJECT ALSO CONTAINS THE ESTIMATION & COSTING.THE AUTO CADD IS HELPFUL FOR DRAWINGS.
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
THE PROJECT DESCRIBES THE DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF A BUILDING USING STAAD PRO(COLUMNS&BEAMS) & MANUAL(SLABS,FOOTINGS&STAIRCASE).THE PROJECT ALSO CONTAINS THE ESTIMATION & COSTING.THE AUTO CADD IS HELPFUL FOR DRAWINGS.
Construction Challenges For Bridges In Hilly AreasShantanu Patil
Hilly region pose unique problem for bridge construction. In a restricted hilly area itself climatic condition, Geographical features and hydrological parameters affect considerably. Keeping in view the bridge site and various constraints, type of bridges and method of construction are to be selected carefully for safe, economical and successful completion of bridges construction.
Bligh’S CREEP THEORY
LIMITATIONS OF BLIGH’S THEORY
LANE’S WEIGHTED CREEP THEORY
KHOSLA’S THEORY AND CONCEPT OF FLOW NETS
COMPARISON OF BLIGH’S THEORY AND KHOSLA’S THEORY
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Extradosed Bridges: Exploring the BoundariesDavid Collings
The extradosed bridge can be thought of as an intermediate between the girder and cantilever bridge. The presentation sumarises the recent paper by Collings & Gonzalez in ICE Proceedings and explores the boundaries of this form of bridge to define them more clearly. The full paper can be read at: http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/issue/bren/166/4
Bligh’S CREEP THEORY
LIMITATIONS OF BLIGH’S THEORY
LANE’S WEIGHTED CREEP THEORY
KHOSLA’S THEORY AND CONCEPT OF FLOW NETS
COMPARISON OF BLIGH’S THEORY AND KHOSLA’S THEORY
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Extradosed Bridges: Exploring the BoundariesDavid Collings
The extradosed bridge can be thought of as an intermediate between the girder and cantilever bridge. The presentation sumarises the recent paper by Collings & Gonzalez in ICE Proceedings and explores the boundaries of this form of bridge to define them more clearly. The full paper can be read at: http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/content/issue/bren/166/4
Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamation).
Physics Of Bridges
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A bridge is the key element in a transportation system; it controls both the volume and weight of the traffic. Balance must be achieved between handling future traffic volume and loads and the cost of heavier and wider bridge structure. Economic Analysis and comparisons against competing alternatives is required as Bridges are the most expensive part of a road transportation network. Monetized & Non-Monetized Benefits that will accrue like time savings to road users, benefits to business activities (and to the economy in general) and salvage value benefits like Right-of-Way and substructure use need to be assessed as well.
Everyone knows what bridges is, particularly for the engineer. A civil engineer can design a bridge that used to cross from point A to point B etc. Below is the history of bridges.
Bridge is not a construction but it is a concept, the concept of crossing over large spans of land or huge masses of water, and to connect two far-off points, eventually reducing the distance between them. The bridge provides passage over the obstacle of small caverns, a valley, road, body of water, or other physical obstacle. Designs of bridges vary depending on the nature of the terrain and the function of the bridge and where it is constructed.
The Oxford English Dictionary traces the origin of the word bridge to an Old English word brycg, of the same meaning, derived from German root brugj?.
Similar to flyover and bridge problems and its solutions (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. The objective of this study is to find out the different
problems arising while and after construction.
Moreover, We have also found remedial solutions to it.
Our objective is to give fundamental knowledge
regarding construction and maintenance of Flyover
Bridge and how to minimize the problems related with
all the functions of Flyover Bridge..
To make the roads easily accessible for day to day
traffic.
OBJECTIVE
3. Definition
A bridge is a structure providing
passage over an obstacle without
closing the way beneath. The required
passage may be for a road, a railway,
pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The
obstacle to be crossed may by a river, a
road, railway or a valley.
4. Components of a Bridge
The main parts of a bridge structure are
as below:
Decking, consisting of slab, girders, trusses,
etc…
Bearings for the decking.
Abutments and piers.
Foundations for the abutments and piers.
5. River training works, like revetment for
slopes at abutment, aprons at bed level, etc.
Approaches to the bridge to connect the
bridge proper to the roads on either side;
Handrails, guard stones, etc…
6. Importance of bridge
To reduce the travel time.
To minimize the congestion on roads.
To reduce the accidents arising day by day.
When the widening of road cannot be done a 3rd
dimension is to be used by constructing a flyover.
8. Reason behind going for a
flyover
As the traffic on the road goes on
increasing and we don’t have any space
left in both the dimensions, then the only
option left will be to go to the third
dimension and that is done through
flyover construction.
9. Flyover
It is a bridge that carries one road or
railway line above another either
with or without subsidiary roads, for
communication between the two.
11. At railway crossing where there is high traffic
congestion in terms of the frequency of trains
passing by or the traffic on the road, in both the
cases the flyover should be provided along the
road. Here the flyover becomes indispensable.
Railway Crossing
12. Simple Flyovers
In this case, the main road is used for fast traffic,
which is made to pass at a high level by a bridge,
providing ramps on both the approaches; and the
slow traffic is made to pass underneath. Thus the
traffics pass at two different levels, and leave no
chance for an accident.
Road Crossing
13. It requires a very large area of land. All
conflicting streams of traffic are avoided, and
so traffic can move at its own speed. This is
more advantageous than a roundabout, as there
is no necessity for weaving and slowing down
of traffic.
Cloverleaf Junction
15. Problems Arise In Different
Aspect Of Flyover
Earth work
Surplus excavated earth not leveled and neatly
dressed at the disposal place.
Less sand filling done under floors.
Proper compaction of earth under floors not done.
Compaction of earth work in filling not done as
stipulated in the contract.
Lead chart for disposal of surplus earth not
maintained.
Excavation of foundation less than specified in
drawing.
16. Concrete work.
i) Oversize/ disintegrated/soft aggregate used.
ii) Sand with more silt content used.
iii) Honey combed concrete.
iv) Concrete found bulged and not in plumb.
v) Less thickness of PCC.
vi) Proper overlaps in reinforcement not provided.
vii) Reinforcement found exposed.
viii) Lesser diameter binding wire used.
ix) Expansion joint not properly located/ provided.
x) Improper curing and compaction
xi) Timber form work used through contract provides for
steel form work.
xii) Clear cover to reinforcement not as per drawing.
17. Steel Work
i) Non-standard steel sections used
ii) Priming coat either not done or poor quality
priming coat done on steel works
iii) Tack welding done instead of continuous welding
iv) Extra slag of welding not removed
v) Thickness of sheets in rolling shutter found less
vi) Inferior quality hinges and fittings provided
vii) Steel hinges in M.S. frames not fixed by cutting
slots.
viii) Flash butt welding not done in steel windows
18. Major Problems With Bearing
Failure
Excessive Loads
Overheating
Normal Fatigue Failure
Reversal Load
Contamination
Lubricant Failure
Misalignment
Corrosion
Loose Fit
Tight Fits
20. Solutions
Excessive Loads
The solution is to reduce the load or redesign using a
bearing with greater capacity.
Normal Fatigue Failure
The remedy is to replace the bearing or consider
redesigning to use a bearing having a greater
calculated fatigue life.
Contamination
Clean work areas, tools, fixtures, and hands help
reduce contamination failures. Keep grinding
operations away from bearing assembly areas and
keep bearings in their original packaging until you are
ready to install them
21. Corrosion
Correct by diverting corrosive fluids away from
bearing areas and use integrally sealed bearings
whenever possible.
Misalignment
Inspecting shafts and housings for run out of
shoulders and bearing seats; use of single point-turned
or ground threads on non hardened shafts and ground
threads only on hardened shafts; and using precision
grade locknuts.
Tight Fits
Corrective action includes a decrease in total
interference.
23. Prevention Methods
1) Keep concrete always dry, so that there is no H2O
to form rust. Also aggressive agents cannot easily
diffuse into dry concrete. If concrete is always
wet, then there is no oxygen to form rust.
2) Stainless steel or cladded stainless steel is used in
lieu of conventional black bars.
3) A portion of the chloride ions diffusing through
the concrete can be sequestered in the concrete by
combining them with the tricalcium aluminate to
form a calcium chloro-aluminate (Friedel’s salt).
It can have a significant effect in reducing the
amount of available chlorides thereby reducing
corrosion.
24. 4) Electrochemical injection of the organic base
corrosion inhibitors, ethanolamine and guanidine, into
carbonated concrete.
5) The rougher the steel surface, the better it adheres
to concrete. oxidation treatment (by water immersion
and ozone exposure) of rebar increases the bond
strength between steel and cement paste to a value
higher than that attained by clean rebars. In addition,
surface deformations on the rebar (such as ribs)
enhance the bond due to mechanical interlocking
between rebar and concrete.
25. Literature Review
1. Jinghui Wang (et.al.2011) Presented Problems and
solutions in the protection of historical urban areas
2. S.K. Mahajan (et.al.2013) Presented New Concept of
Traffic Rotary Design at Road Intersections
3. D.M. Siringoringo (et.al.2011) Presented Vibration
Characteristics of an Overpass Bridge During Full-
Scale Destructive Testing
4. R. K. Gupta (et.al.2013) Presented Closed Form
Solution for Deflection of Flexible Composite Bridges
5. Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani (et.al.2013) Presented
Selecting the Best Design Scenario of the Smart
Structure of Bridges for Probably Future Earthquakes
6. Tehmina Ayub (et.al.2014) Presented Effect of
overloaded vehicles on the performance of highway
bridge girder: A case study