It discuss about life history of CARL LINNAEUS - Carl von Linné. It also explains about his education, work, contribution, 7 levels of the classification system, publications, Medals and quotes.
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) is known as the "Father of Taxonomy". He developed the Linnaean system of classification for organisms based on similarities. This 7-level system classified all organisms as either animals or plants. Linnaeus published Species Plantarum in 1753 classifying 5,900 plant species, and Systema Naturae in 1758 classifying 4,200 animal species. He introduced binomial nomenclature, using a two-part scientific name for each species in Latin. This standardized naming system is still used today. Linnaeus made many contributions to botany and zoological classification through his groundbreaking work.
Carl Linnaeus was born in 1707 in Sweden and is known for founding scientific classification of organisms. He studied botany and mathematics in university and received his doctorate in medicine in 1735. Linnaeus married Sara Lisa Morea in 1739 and they had seven children together. He published works on botany and mineralogy throughout his career and received many honors for his contributions to science. Linnaeus died in 1778 in Uppsala, Sweden.
biography of carl Linnaeus , marriage, travel and research, legacy of Linnaeus, most famous contribution to science, mankind , whole life career , books written by carl ,last year , and time line of his life
Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician born in 1707 who developed the modern system of classifying organisms. He published works like Systema Naturae which classified every known organism and established the binomial nomenclature system of classifying species with a generic and specific name that is still used today. Linnaeus had a fascination with plants from a young age and made significant advances in taxonomy, becoming known as the "Father of Taxonomy." He taught at Uppsala University for many years before retiring after suffering a stroke in 1774 and died in 1778, leaving a legacy as one of the most influential biologists in history.
The document discusses taxonomy, the science of classification. It describes the history of classification from ancient Greek philosophers to the modern system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, which uses a binomial nomenclature system and groups organisms into taxa based on structural similarities. The modern levels of classification are described from domain to species, and examples are given of the kingdoms used to classify organisms, including Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
This document provides information on zoological nomenclature and the rules for naming species. It discusses the proper formatting for binomial names, including using commas and parentheses. It also describes new combinations when a species is moved to a different genus. Other topics covered include the use of brackets, abbreviations, the derivation of names, and the shortest and longest binomial and trinomial names. The document also discusses availability, which determines whether a published name can be officially recognized.
1. Classification systems help organize the enormous diversity of life into logical groups based on evolutionary relationships and similarities between organisms.
2. Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature and hierarchical taxonomy that is still used today, grouping organisms into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.
3. Modern phylogenetic systematics connects classification to evolutionary history and phylogeny using molecular data and cladistic analysis of shared derived characteristics to construct phylogenetic trees.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of taxonomy, the science of classifying living organisms. It discusses how early taxonomists like Aristotle and Linnaeus grouped organisms based on visible characteristics. Charles Darwin later established that taxonomy should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. The document also outlines the major kingdoms and domains proposed by scientists over time to classify the diversity of life, from the original plant and animal kingdoms to the current three domain system of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Molecular evidence now supports or refines previous taxonomic classifications.
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) is known as the "Father of Taxonomy". He developed the Linnaean system of classification for organisms based on similarities. This 7-level system classified all organisms as either animals or plants. Linnaeus published Species Plantarum in 1753 classifying 5,900 plant species, and Systema Naturae in 1758 classifying 4,200 animal species. He introduced binomial nomenclature, using a two-part scientific name for each species in Latin. This standardized naming system is still used today. Linnaeus made many contributions to botany and zoological classification through his groundbreaking work.
Carl Linnaeus was born in 1707 in Sweden and is known for founding scientific classification of organisms. He studied botany and mathematics in university and received his doctorate in medicine in 1735. Linnaeus married Sara Lisa Morea in 1739 and they had seven children together. He published works on botany and mineralogy throughout his career and received many honors for his contributions to science. Linnaeus died in 1778 in Uppsala, Sweden.
biography of carl Linnaeus , marriage, travel and research, legacy of Linnaeus, most famous contribution to science, mankind , whole life career , books written by carl ,last year , and time line of his life
Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician born in 1707 who developed the modern system of classifying organisms. He published works like Systema Naturae which classified every known organism and established the binomial nomenclature system of classifying species with a generic and specific name that is still used today. Linnaeus had a fascination with plants from a young age and made significant advances in taxonomy, becoming known as the "Father of Taxonomy." He taught at Uppsala University for many years before retiring after suffering a stroke in 1774 and died in 1778, leaving a legacy as one of the most influential biologists in history.
The document discusses taxonomy, the science of classification. It describes the history of classification from ancient Greek philosophers to the modern system developed by Carolus Linnaeus, which uses a binomial nomenclature system and groups organisms into taxa based on structural similarities. The modern levels of classification are described from domain to species, and examples are given of the kingdoms used to classify organisms, including Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
This document provides information on zoological nomenclature and the rules for naming species. It discusses the proper formatting for binomial names, including using commas and parentheses. It also describes new combinations when a species is moved to a different genus. Other topics covered include the use of brackets, abbreviations, the derivation of names, and the shortest and longest binomial and trinomial names. The document also discusses availability, which determines whether a published name can be officially recognized.
1. Classification systems help organize the enormous diversity of life into logical groups based on evolutionary relationships and similarities between organisms.
2. Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature and hierarchical taxonomy that is still used today, grouping organisms into kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.
3. Modern phylogenetic systematics connects classification to evolutionary history and phylogeny using molecular data and cladistic analysis of shared derived characteristics to construct phylogenetic trees.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of taxonomy, the science of classifying living organisms. It discusses how early taxonomists like Aristotle and Linnaeus grouped organisms based on visible characteristics. Charles Darwin later established that taxonomy should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. The document also outlines the major kingdoms and domains proposed by scientists over time to classify the diversity of life, from the original plant and animal kingdoms to the current three domain system of bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Molecular evidence now supports or refines previous taxonomic classifications.
The document discusses biological classification and taxonomy. It introduces binomial nomenclature, which assigns organisms a two-part scientific name, as well as hierarchical classification systems. It also describes modern classification systems that incorporate data from fossils, physical traits, and DNA/RNA to construct phylogenetic trees representing evolutionary relationships among organisms.
The document discusses biodiversity and species classification. It explains that biologists classify organisms into species based on their ability to breed and produce fertile offspring. All species have a scientific name with the genus and species components. There are estimated to be between 5-30 million living species on Earth. The document also provides examples of phylogenetic classification of organisms from the kingdom down to the species level, such as felines being classified under the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, etc. It discusses reasons for maintaining biodiversity, including uses in agriculture, medicine, materials, and recreation. However, many species are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, introduced species, and overfishing/hunting.
The document summarizes R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification system from 1969. It describes the key characteristics of each kingdom - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera contains prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and archaea. Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients. Plantae contains photosynthetic eukaryotes. Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs that ingest food. The classification system aimed to group organisms based on cell structure, nutrition, and evolutionary relationships.
Systematics is the study of the historical relationships between biological organisms and the understanding of biodiversity. It aims to trace phylogeny and classify taxa in an evolutionary context. Systematics encompasses fields like taxonomy, classification, nomenclature, biogeography, and phylogenetics. It determines the unique and shared properties of species and higher taxa, classifies life to make diversity accessible to other disciplines, and has contributed insights in areas like epidemiology, agriculture, and conservation through accurate identification and classification of organisms.
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
This document provides information on biological classification systems. It discusses why classifying living things is important, provides a brief history of classification methods, and describes the current system of classification. The current system is based on 3 domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya - which are further divided into kingdoms based on characteristics like cell structure, nutrition, and whether organisms are unicellular or multicellular. The 6 kingdoms are Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom has distinguishing features that are described.
There are three main types of evolution:
1. Coevolution occurs when two species evolve together due to their close relationship, such as flowers and pollinating insects.
2. Divergent evolution happens when species with a common ancestor become more different and evolve into separate species, often in different environments like the finches of the Galapagos Islands.
3. Convergent evolution is when species with different ancestors evolve similar traits for the same environment, like dolphins and fish developing flippers for swimming.
This document provides a brief history of important figures in biology. It begins with Aristotle, considered the father of biology, who pioneered the classification of living things. It then discusses Hippocrates, the father of medicine, and Claudius Galen who made early studies of human anatomy. Andreas Vesalius made the first detailed studies of human anatomy by dissection. William Harvey discovered blood circulation. Marcello Malpighi discovered capillaries and red blood cells using early microscopes. Anton van Leeuwenhoek made important early microscopic discoveries including bacteria and sperm cells. Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms. Gregor Mendel established the principles of heredity
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature articles 1-9Kishor6460
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) establishes standard rules for naming animals. It has been updated through various international conferences since the 1830s. The current 4th edition from 1999 contains 6 principles, 18 chapters, and 90 articles that govern scientific naming. Key principles include binominal nomenclature, priority, coordination, first reviser, homonymy, and typification. The code defines valid publication and establishes 1 January 1758 as the starting point of zoological nomenclature. Interpolated names and qualifying abbreviations are also addressed.
Aristotle developed one of the earliest systems of biological classification over 2000 years ago, categorizing organisms as either plants or animals. Animals were further divided based on whether they had red blood and their habitat and physical characteristics. Plants were classified by size and structure. Later, Linnaeus developed the first formal taxonomic system that is still used today, assigning each species a binomial scientific name. His system involved classifying organisms into a nested hierarchy of taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific, including domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
This document discusses the concepts and history of systematic zoology and taxonomy. It defines taxonomy as the classification of living things and systematics as the scientific study of diversity and relationships among organisms. It outlines the contributions of taxonomy in fields like epidemiology and wildlife management. The document then discusses the scope of taxonomy, problems in taxonomy, and provides a history of taxonomy from Aristotle to modern molecular systematics approaches.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems. It describes three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within species, species diversity within communities, and ecosystem diversity across landscapes. Some key threats to biodiversity mentioned are habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. The document also discusses biodiversity hotspots and criteria for identifying them. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches are outlined. In-situ involves protecting habitats through reserves, while ex-situ involves maintaining species outside their natural habitats in zoos and botanical gardens. The importance of biodiversity conservation is emphasized for maintaining ecosystem
The document discusses the classification of living things. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature over 200 years ago to scientifically name organisms. Each organism is given a two-word Latin name with the genus as the first word and the species as the second word, following specific rules. There are 7 levels of classification for organisms from broadest (kingdom) to most specific (species). The document provides examples and explanations of scientific naming and the levels of biological classification.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in zoology. It discusses 7 characteristics of living things, including chemical uniqueness, complexity and hierarchical organization, reproduction, possession of a genetic code, metabolism, development, and environmental interaction. It also covers the scientific method, the difference between experimental and evolutionary science, Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution including natural selection and common descent. Finally, it discusses contributions to cellular biology including the microscope and animal rights issues in scientific testing.
The document discusses taxonomy, which is the study of naming, describing, and classifying organisms. It provides details on classification systems and how they have evolved over time from early naturalists like Aristotle to the modern hierarchical system. Key modern concepts covered include binomial nomenclature, phylogenetic classification and the use of dichotomous keys to identify unknown organisms.
It discuss about the great Greek scientist Theophrastus. It explains on his life history, father of botany, his work, contributions, work on botany, finding, publications and honorary,
The document discusses biodiversity and taxonomy. It defines a species as a group of organisms that share genes and lineage, and are adapted to particular environmental resources. There are millions of species, many not yet identified. Taxonomy is the science of classifying species in a hierarchical system, from broad kingdoms to specific genera and species, to indicate natural relationships. This ordering system, developed by Linnaeus, helps organize the vast number of species and provides a standardized naming convention. The document also discusses how biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and is declining due to human-caused extinction rates being much higher than background rates.
Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming organisms using two-part scientific names. It was developed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Under this system, each species is identified by its genus and specific epithet. For example, Homo sapiens. The rules of binomial nomenclature specify that the first part of the name indicates the genus and is capitalized, while the second part indicates the species and is lowercase. Names must also be unique, universal, and stable to serve the purpose of scientific classification.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of life. It discusses the early development of taxonomy from Aristotle through Linnaeus and the establishment of the binomial nomenclature system. It also describes how Darwin's theory of evolution influenced taxonomy by establishing that classification should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. Modern taxonomy incorporates various lines of evidence including morphology, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary history and classify organisms appropriately.
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four influential scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It provides biographical details and summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into plants and animals. Charakan classified hundreds of Indian plants and animals. John Ray developed biological definitions of species and classified plants. Finally, Carl Linneaus established the system of binomial nomenclature still used today and published comprehensive works classifying thousands of species of plants and animals.
The document discusses biological classification and taxonomy. It introduces binomial nomenclature, which assigns organisms a two-part scientific name, as well as hierarchical classification systems. It also describes modern classification systems that incorporate data from fossils, physical traits, and DNA/RNA to construct phylogenetic trees representing evolutionary relationships among organisms.
The document discusses biodiversity and species classification. It explains that biologists classify organisms into species based on their ability to breed and produce fertile offspring. All species have a scientific name with the genus and species components. There are estimated to be between 5-30 million living species on Earth. The document also provides examples of phylogenetic classification of organisms from the kingdom down to the species level, such as felines being classified under the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, etc. It discusses reasons for maintaining biodiversity, including uses in agriculture, medicine, materials, and recreation. However, many species are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, introduced species, and overfishing/hunting.
The document summarizes R.H. Whittaker's five kingdom classification system from 1969. It describes the key characteristics of each kingdom - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera contains prokaryotic organisms like bacteria and archaea. Protista contains unicellular eukaryotes. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients. Plantae contains photosynthetic eukaryotes. Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs that ingest food. The classification system aimed to group organisms based on cell structure, nutrition, and evolutionary relationships.
Systematics is the study of the historical relationships between biological organisms and the understanding of biodiversity. It aims to trace phylogeny and classify taxa in an evolutionary context. Systematics encompasses fields like taxonomy, classification, nomenclature, biogeography, and phylogenetics. It determines the unique and shared properties of species and higher taxa, classifies life to make diversity accessible to other disciplines, and has contributed insights in areas like epidemiology, agriculture, and conservation through accurate identification and classification of organisms.
classify organisms using the hierarchical taxonomic system
create mnemonic device on biological taxonomic system
3.discuss the quotation “Where there is unity there is victory”-Publilius Syrus
This document provides information on biological classification systems. It discusses why classifying living things is important, provides a brief history of classification methods, and describes the current system of classification. The current system is based on 3 domains - Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya - which are further divided into kingdoms based on characteristics like cell structure, nutrition, and whether organisms are unicellular or multicellular. The 6 kingdoms are Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Each kingdom has distinguishing features that are described.
There are three main types of evolution:
1. Coevolution occurs when two species evolve together due to their close relationship, such as flowers and pollinating insects.
2. Divergent evolution happens when species with a common ancestor become more different and evolve into separate species, often in different environments like the finches of the Galapagos Islands.
3. Convergent evolution is when species with different ancestors evolve similar traits for the same environment, like dolphins and fish developing flippers for swimming.
This document provides a brief history of important figures in biology. It begins with Aristotle, considered the father of biology, who pioneered the classification of living things. It then discusses Hippocrates, the father of medicine, and Claudius Galen who made early studies of human anatomy. Andreas Vesalius made the first detailed studies of human anatomy by dissection. William Harvey discovered blood circulation. Marcello Malpighi discovered capillaries and red blood cells using early microscopes. Anton van Leeuwenhoek made important early microscopic discoveries including bacteria and sperm cells. Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms. Gregor Mendel established the principles of heredity
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature articles 1-9Kishor6460
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) establishes standard rules for naming animals. It has been updated through various international conferences since the 1830s. The current 4th edition from 1999 contains 6 principles, 18 chapters, and 90 articles that govern scientific naming. Key principles include binominal nomenclature, priority, coordination, first reviser, homonymy, and typification. The code defines valid publication and establishes 1 January 1758 as the starting point of zoological nomenclature. Interpolated names and qualifying abbreviations are also addressed.
Aristotle developed one of the earliest systems of biological classification over 2000 years ago, categorizing organisms as either plants or animals. Animals were further divided based on whether they had red blood and their habitat and physical characteristics. Plants were classified by size and structure. Later, Linnaeus developed the first formal taxonomic system that is still used today, assigning each species a binomial scientific name. His system involved classifying organisms into a nested hierarchy of taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific, including domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
This document discusses the concepts and history of systematic zoology and taxonomy. It defines taxonomy as the classification of living things and systematics as the scientific study of diversity and relationships among organisms. It outlines the contributions of taxonomy in fields like epidemiology and wildlife management. The document then discusses the scope of taxonomy, problems in taxonomy, and provides a history of taxonomy from Aristotle to modern molecular systematics approaches.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems. It describes three levels of biodiversity: genetic diversity within species, species diversity within communities, and ecosystem diversity across landscapes. Some key threats to biodiversity mentioned are habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. The document also discusses biodiversity hotspots and criteria for identifying them. Both in-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches are outlined. In-situ involves protecting habitats through reserves, while ex-situ involves maintaining species outside their natural habitats in zoos and botanical gardens. The importance of biodiversity conservation is emphasized for maintaining ecosystem
The document discusses the classification of living things. It explains that Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of binomial nomenclature over 200 years ago to scientifically name organisms. Each organism is given a two-word Latin name with the genus as the first word and the species as the second word, following specific rules. There are 7 levels of classification for organisms from broadest (kingdom) to most specific (species). The document provides examples and explanations of scientific naming and the levels of biological classification.
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in zoology. It discusses 7 characteristics of living things, including chemical uniqueness, complexity and hierarchical organization, reproduction, possession of a genetic code, metabolism, development, and environmental interaction. It also covers the scientific method, the difference between experimental and evolutionary science, Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution including natural selection and common descent. Finally, it discusses contributions to cellular biology including the microscope and animal rights issues in scientific testing.
The document discusses taxonomy, which is the study of naming, describing, and classifying organisms. It provides details on classification systems and how they have evolved over time from early naturalists like Aristotle to the modern hierarchical system. Key modern concepts covered include binomial nomenclature, phylogenetic classification and the use of dichotomous keys to identify unknown organisms.
It discuss about the great Greek scientist Theophrastus. It explains on his life history, father of botany, his work, contributions, work on botany, finding, publications and honorary,
The document discusses biodiversity and taxonomy. It defines a species as a group of organisms that share genes and lineage, and are adapted to particular environmental resources. There are millions of species, many not yet identified. Taxonomy is the science of classifying species in a hierarchical system, from broad kingdoms to specific genera and species, to indicate natural relationships. This ordering system, developed by Linnaeus, helps organize the vast number of species and provides a standardized naming convention. The document also discusses how biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and is declining due to human-caused extinction rates being much higher than background rates.
Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming organisms using two-part scientific names. It was developed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Under this system, each species is identified by its genus and specific epithet. For example, Homo sapiens. The rules of binomial nomenclature specify that the first part of the name indicates the genus and is capitalized, while the second part indicates the species and is lowercase. Names must also be unique, universal, and stable to serve the purpose of scientific classification.
This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of life. It discusses the early development of taxonomy from Aristotle through Linnaeus and the establishment of the binomial nomenclature system. It also describes how Darwin's theory of evolution influenced taxonomy by establishing that classification should reflect evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry. Modern taxonomy incorporates various lines of evidence including morphology, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular data to reconstruct evolutionary history and classify organisms appropriately.
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four influential scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It provides biographical details and summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into plants and animals. Charakan classified hundreds of Indian plants and animals. John Ray developed biological definitions of species and classified plants. Finally, Carl Linneaus established the system of binomial nomenclature still used today and published comprehensive works classifying thousands of species of plants and animals.
powerpoint presentation by ARYA SB (MLESTONE CLLASSIFICATION)shilpadevu
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four famous scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into two groups of plants and animals. John Ray rejected dichotomous classification and instead grouped organisms based on observable similarities and differences. Carl Linneaus developed the system of binomial nomenclature used in modern taxonomy. Overall, the document outlines the early history of biological classification and the important role played by these pioneering scientists.
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four famous scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into plants and animals. Charakan classified over 200 animals and 340 plants. John Ray published works rejecting dichotomous classification and advocated classifying based on observed similarities. Carl Linneaus developed the system of binomial nomenclature still used today and published works classifying thousands of plant and animal species. Overall, the document outlines the early history and development of biological taxonomy and classification systems.
Power Point Presentation on Milestones in Classificationjinulazer
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four famous scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into two groups of plants and animals. John Ray rejected dichotomous classification and instead grouped organisms based on observable similarities and differences. Carl Linneaus developed the system of binomial nomenclature used in modern taxonomy. Overall, the document outlines the early history of biological classification and the pivotal role played by these four scientists.
This document discusses milestones in biological classification, focusing on four influential scientists: Aristotle, Charakan, John Ray, and Carl Linneaus. It provides biographical details and summarizes their key contributions to early systems of classifying organisms. Aristotle was the first to classify organisms into plants and animals. Charakan classified hundreds of Indian plants and animals. John Ray developed biological definitions of species and classified plants. Finally, Carl Linneaus established the system of binomial nomenclature still used today and published comprehensive works classifying thousands of species of plants and animals.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch businessman and scientist considered the father of microbiology. He developed a method for creating powerful lenses and was the first to observe microbes like bacteria and protozoa using single-lens microscopes of his own design. His pioneering microscopic observations were communicated through letters to the Royal Society, establishing microbiology as a scientific discipline and himself as one of the first and most important microscopists.
This document provides biographical information about Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist. It outlines his academic background and positions held at Arizona State University. It also lists some of his scientific publications and awards, including being awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science's 1999-2000 Award for the Public Understanding of Science and Technology. The document mentions some of his books and notes that he was a college athlete and enjoys music.
This document provides an overview of plant systematics and taxonomy. It discusses the early history of plant classification beginning with Theophrastus and other ancient Greek and Roman scholars. It then focuses on Carolus Linnaeus, considered the father of taxonomy, and his development of the binomial nomenclature system in the 18th century. The summary concludes with a brief discussion of how plants receive both common names based on appearance or other qualities as well as scientific binomial names for standardized international identification.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of botany, the scientific study of plants. It discusses how botany originated in prehistory as herbalism and the identification of edible, medicinal and poisonous plants. It then outlines key developments in botany, including the earliest recorded plant classifications from ancient texts, the contributions of Theophrastus and Pedanius Dioscorides in ancient Greece, the founding of botanical gardens in 16th century Italy, the development of plant taxonomy and binomial nomenclature by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, and modern developments in microscopy, genetics and molecular biology in the 19th-20th centuries.
1) Ecology developed as a field of study over thousands of years, with early concepts found in ancient Hindu and Greek texts from 600 BC and 370 BC.
2) In the 18th and 19th centuries, key thinkers like Linnaeus, Darwin, and Humboldt made important contributions relating to biogeography, natural selection, and interactions between organisms and their environment.
3) The term "ecology" was coined by Ernst Haeckel in 1866, and the field expanded in the 20th century with pioneering work by Shelford, Elton, Tansley, and Eugene Odum on concepts like food webs, ecosystems, and ecosystem ecology.
This document provides an overview of botany and the history of botanical study. It discusses how botany originated from herbalism and the identification of medicinal plants. Key developments included the earliest plant classifications in ancient Greece and China, the modern binomial naming system of Linnaeus in the 18th century, and advances in microscopy that allowed the discovery of cells and tissues. Modern botany utilizes various techniques including molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology to study plant structure, function, development, taxonomy, and relationships at the molecular and ecological level.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the theory of biological evolution. It describes early religious and philosophical explanations for life's diversity before discussing scientific theories. It outlines disproofs of spontaneous generation and early evolutionary thinkers like Lamarck. It then focuses on Charles Darwin and the key elements of his theory of evolution by natural selection, which he developed based on observations from his voyage on the HMS Beagle. Darwin proposed that life arises through descent with modification from common ancestors, and that natural selection acts on inherited variation between individuals in a population to drive adaptive evolution over many generations.
Har Gobind Khorana was an Indian American biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that nucleotides in nucleic acids carry the genetic code of cells. His research showed that the order of nucleotides determines the cell's synthesis of proteins. Khorana was the first scientist to chemically synthesize oligonucleotides, an achievement that became widespread and informed later genome editing research. Lamarckism is the idea that organisms can pass on to offspring characteristics acquired during their lifetime through use or disuse, inaccurately named after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck who incorporated this concept into his evolutionary theories as a supplement to orthogenesis.
1.Definition and basic concepts of Biosystematics, , Historical perspectives of Biosystematics and Taxonomy, Stages of taxonomic procedures-alpha taxonomy, Beta taxonomy and Gamma taxonomy,
Neo taxonomy.
This document provides brief biographies of 9 famous people in biology:
1. Aristotle was an early Greek philosopher who made important contributions to many fields including biology and is considered the originator of the scientific study of life.
2. Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who proved that microorganisms cause disease and fermentation and developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded as one of the founders of microbiology.
3. Charles Darwin was a British naturalist best known for developing the theory of evolution by natural selection and providing scientific evidence that all species evolve over time from common ancestors.
This document provides an overview of the history and importance of systematic botany. It discusses how systematic botany evolved from early classification attempts by ancient tribes and scholars like Aristotle and Theophrastus to the modern system developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century. Key developments include Linnaeus introducing the hierarchical classification system and binomial nomenclature, as well as contributions from Lamarck, Haeckel, Darwin, and others who advanced evolutionary understandings of classification. Systematic botany remains important for understanding biodiversity, evolution, and identifying important plant species.
An Introduction to the Biodiversity Heritage Library for the DC Science Libra...costantinog
This document introduces the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), an open access digital library containing over 50 million pages of literature from biodiversity. It provides free access to publications such as original species descriptions, distribution records, and scientific illustrations. The BHL is a global consortium of 16 members and affiliates that works to overcome barriers to research by digitizing literature and making it publicly available online. It summarizes the BHL's activities, digital collections, services, and projects to expand access to biodiversity literature and archives.
- Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection in the mid-1800s to explain how species change over generations through natural processes. He proposed that populations vary genetically, traits can be passed to offspring, and individuals with traits better suited to the environment will likely survive and pass on their traits, leading to evolution over time. The mechanism of natural selection results in gradual adaptive changes in populations over many generations.
During the 17th century, important developments in botany included Robert Hooke inventing the microscope in 1665, allowing close examination of plant cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed live cells under a microscope. Johannes van Helmont conducted experiments on tree water uptake. During the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus introduced modern taxonomy and plant classification. Gregor Mendel's experiments in the 19th century laid the foundations for genetics. In the 20th century, technology advanced the study of plant structures and genetics at the cellular level, while ecology emerged as a separate discipline. Modern research continues to enhance understanding of plant functions and applications in agriculture.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the normal number of chromosomes. It involves two rounds of division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair and crossover can occur, followed by the separation of homologous chromosomes into daughter cells. Meiosis II then separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid daughter cells each with a single set of chromosomes. Meiosis ensures genetic variation between offspring and is essential for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes.
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. There are three main types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and amitosis. Mitosis is a process of nuclear division that results in two daughter cells with identical chromosomes to the parent cell. Meiosis involves two cell divisions and produces four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the original parent cell. Amitosis is direct cell division without chromosomes separating. The main functions of cell division are reproduction, growth and repair, and gamete formation. The cell cycle is the series of events in a cell leading to division, consisting of interphase and the mitotic phase involving prophase, metaphase, anaph
The document discusses gender responsive approaches in school curriculum. It emphasizes the need to support girls' education, empower girls with self-confidence and decision making skills, and train the school community in reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and guidance and counseling. The document also discusses gender bias and discrimination in education, citing different causes such as men dominating mentality, lack of strong protest by women, social and religious beliefs, and physical factors. It notes that gender discrimination especially affects women and can have disastrous outcomes for a country.
GALLOWAY’S SYSTEM OF INTERACTION ANALYSIS.pdfBeulahJayarani
It discuss about Galloway's system of interaction analysis in details. It also explains what is interaction, analysis, class room interaction, importance of interaction analysis, Category wise verbal & non-verbal behaviour, rules and regulations, advantages and disadvantages of it.
It discuss on safety and first aid in schools, home & play field. It also discuss on the qualities & responsibilities required for the first aider
1. TO SAVE LIFE
• 2. TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY / To limit worsening of the situation
• 3. TO PROMOTE RECOVERY
It discuss about what is health, health education, aim, objectives, need, areas, scope, functional objectives, importance and new dimensions of health education.
The document discusses different types of animal tissues, including their structures and functions. It covers four main types of tissues - epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue is further divided into fibrous, supportive and fluid connective tissues. Specific tissues discussed in detail include areolar tissue, adipose tissue, bones, cartilage, blood, and nerves. The key roles of different tissues in the structure and functioning of the body are also summarized.
Policies and programmes of inclusive education.pdfBeulahJayarani
It discusses on what are the policies and programmes helps to combine the special students with main stream of education. It also talks about old to new policies
It discuss on what is micro teaching, different skill of micro teaching, teaching & learning, importance of stimulus & variation - meaning, components of skill of variation, need & importance, INCREASE THE RETENTTION POWER OF STUDENTS…Some factors which influence students attention…..evalution sheet
It discuss on major skill of micro teaching, what is teaching & learning. Meaning and definition of skill of non verbal cues, components of non verbal cues, 1. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, 2.BODY MOVEMENT AND POSTURE 3. GESTURES 4. EYE CONTACT 5. TOUCH / HAPTICS & DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VERBAL & NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION, OBSERVATION CODING SHEET
This document discusses learning resources and their importance in the education process. It begins by explaining that while elementary students learn through experience and observation, higher-level students require more knowledge acquisition which is supported by learning resources. Learning resources are any devices or procedures that make teaching and learning more engaging, stimulating and effective. They help students achieve learning objectives more efficiently and remember concepts for longer. However, over-reliance on learning resources can also have limitations, such as ineffectiveness if not used properly, financial constraints, or lack of infrastructure like reliable electricity. Overall, the document promotes the strategic use of learning resources to enhance the teaching and learning experience.
Under Learning resources it discuss on science laboratory. It also discuss on Science Express, Mobile Science Lab, activities OF Mobile Science Laboratory, Virtual Lab. COMPONENTS OF VIRTUAL LAB, BENEFITS & LIMITATIONSOF VIRTUAL LABS,ROLE OF TEACHERS, Field Trip or Excursion - INTRODUCTION, benefits of field trips, Science Fair, Exhibition and Talk on Science & major activities in the science fairs
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) chose to study behaviour through the use of what he called a Skinner box. Versions were created for rats and pigeons. It discuss about Types of behaviours - Respondent, operant,: Positive, negative, stimulus & punishment, and 6 elements also.
Glaser's Basic Teaching Model is a psychological model of teaching developed by Robert Glaser in 1962. It explains the relationship between teaching and learning through four basic components: (1) instructional objectives, (2) entering behaviors of students, (3) instructional procedures used by the teacher, and (4) performance assessments to evaluate student learning. The model assumes students have prior knowledge and the teacher guides students from their entering behaviors to achieving the instructional objectives through various teaching methods and strategies. It can be applied to any subject or grade level to systematically structure the teaching and learning process.
BRYON MASSIALS AND BENJAMIN COX SOCIAL.pdfBeulahJayarani
The social enquiry model is the outcome of the efforts of Benjamin Cox and Byron Massials. It also discuss on elements, Principles of reaction in detail
The document discusses Jerome Bruner's Concept Attainment Model, which is an instructional strategy that uses examples to lead students to identify concepts. The model has three phases: presenting examples to generate hypotheses about a concept, testing students' understanding by having them classify new examples, and analyzing their thinking process. The model is intended to teach concepts inductively and help students learn conceptual thinking skills. It provides structured examples and feedback to guide students in grouping ideas according to their shared attributes.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
1. CARL LINNAEUS - CARL VON LINNÉ
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO), NET, Ph.D (Edn)
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION,CHENNAI - 34
3. KNOWN FOR..?
Swedish botanist and zoologist,
“FATER OF TAXONOMY”
Swedish botanist, zoologist,
taxonomist, and physician who
formalized binomial nomenclature, the
modern system of naming organisms.
He is known as the "father of modern
taxonomy".
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4. EDUCATION
In 1716-1727, Linnaeus studied in city
VAXJO.
Poor in – Theology and ancient languages
Interested in – Botany & Maths
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5. SUCCESS
In 1727, Linnaeus passed the exams and
was accepted to the “LUND
UNIVERSITY”
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6. WORK
In August 1728, he was transferred
into the University of Uppasala
He was actively engaged in
minerology
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8. CONTRIBUTIONS
The Linnaean System Of Classification
In mid 1700s, he developed a 7- level
classification system based on similarities
between organisms
All organisms were classified as animals or
plants
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9. 7 LEVELS OF THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Kingdom
Phylum / division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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11. PUBLICATIONS
He published “ SPECIES PLANTARUM”
in 1753 upon which he classified about
5900 species of plants.
He published “ SYSTEMA NATURAE” in 1758
which contains classification of 4200 species of
animals.
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12. LINNAEUS DISCOVERY…
Swedish naturalist and explorer
Carolus Linnaeus was the first
to frame principles for defining
natural genera and species of
organisms and to create a
uniform system for naming them,
known as binomial nomenclature
Linnaeus introduced BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE in 1758
In a binomial name, the first name is
called generic name or genus name.
The second word is called the specific
name or species name
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13. “ If a tree dies,
plant another in its place”
A quote showing his
love for plants is:
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15. HONORARY
MEDAL OF LINNAEUS HONORARY
SCIENTIFIC AWARD, WHICH IS PRESENTED
ANNUALLY TO AN OUTSTANDING
BOTANIST OR A ZOOLOGIST
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16. END
DATE OF DEATH : JANUARY 10,1778
PLACE OF DEATH: UPPSALA
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17. REFERENCES
TN TEXT BOOK
NCERT READER
DISCOVERY
WIKIPEDIA
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